Non-biogenic graphite in 3.8-Ga metamorphic rocks from the Isua district, Greenland

Chemical Geology

Volumn 133, Issue 1-4, 1996, Pages 251-260

  Naraoka, Hiroshi ^a,d   Ohtake, Makiko ^a   Maruyama, Shigenori ^b   Ohmoto, Hiroshi ^a,c  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^c PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Archean; Carbon isotope ratio; Graphite; Greenland; Metamorphic fluid

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEAN; GEOCHEMISTRY; GRAPHITE; METAMORPHIC ROCK; TUFF;

GREENLAND, ISUA;

EID: 0030440532     PISSN: 00092541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00076-9     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. 2 and calcite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55: 2867-2882.
2. Deines, P., 1992. Mantle carbon: concentration, mode of occurrence, and isotopic composition. In: M. Schidlowski, S. Golubic, M.M. Kimberley, D.M. McKirdy and P.A. Trudinger (Editors). Early Organic Evolution: Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources. Springer, Berlin, pp. 133-146.
3. Deines, P. and Gold, D.P., 1973. The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37: 1709-1733.
4. Des Marais, D.J., Strauss, H., Summons, R.E. and Hayes, J.M., 1992. Carbon isotope evidence for the stepwise oxidation of the Proterozoic environment. Nature (London), 359: 605-609.
5. Douthitt, C.B., 1982. Precambrian coal or anthraxolite: A source for graphite in high-grade schists and gneisses - A discussion. Econ. Geol., 77: 1247-1249.
6. Eugster, H.P. and Skippen, G.B., 1967. Igneous and metamorphic reactions involving gas equilibria. In: P.H. Abelson (Editor), Researchers in Geochemistry, Vol. 2. Wiley, New York, N.Y., pp. 492-520.
7. Faure, G., 1986. Principles of Isotope Geology. Wiley, New York, N.Y., 589 pp.
8. Faure, G., 1991. Inorganic Geochemistry. Macmillan, New York, N.Y., pp. 164-165 [data source: K.K. Turekian and K.H. Wedepohl, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72: 175-192 (1961)].
9. Faure, G., 1991. Inorganic Geochemistry. Macmillan, New York, N.Y., pp. 164-165 [data source: K.K. Turekian and K.H. Wedepohl, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72: 175-192 (1961)].
10. Hayes, J.M., Kaplan, I.R. and Wedeking, K.W., 1983. Precambrian organic geochemistry: preservation of the record. In: J.W. Schopf (Editor), Earth's Earliest Biosphere: Its Origin and Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., pp. 93-134.
11. Miyashiro, A., 1964. Oxidation and reduction in the Earth's crust with special reference to the role of graphite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 28: 717-729.
12. Nutman, A.P., 1986. The early Archaean to Proterozoic history of the Isukasia area, southern West Greenland. Rapp. Grønl. Geol. Unders., Bull. No. 154.
13. Nutman, A.P., Allaart, J.H., Bridgewater, D., Dimroth, E. and Rosing, M., 1984. Stratigraphic and geochemical evidence for the depositional environment of the Early Archaean Isua supracrustal belt. Precambrian Res., 25: 365-396.
14. Oehler, D.Z. and Smith, J.W., 1977. Isotopic composition of reduced and oxidized carbon in early Archaean rocks from Isua, Greenland. Precambrian Res., 5: 221-228.
15. Ohmoto, H. and Kerrick, D., 1977. Devolatiliztion equilibria in graphitic systems. Am. J. Sci., 277: 1013-1044.
16. Ohmoto, H. and Rye, R.O., 1979. Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. In: H.L. Barnes (Editor), Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Wiley, New York, N.Y., 2nd ed., pp. 509-567.
17. Ohtake, M., Ohmoto, H. and Rosing, M., 1994. Metamorphic history of the 3.8 Ga Isua supracrustal belt, Greenland. Resour. Geol., 44: 282.
18. Pasteris, J., 1981. Occurrence of graphite in serpentinized olivines in kimberlite. Geology, 9: 356-359.
19. Rosing, M.T., 1989. Metasomatic alteration of ultramafic rocks. In: D. Bridgewater (Editor), Fluid Movement - Element Transport and the Composition of the Deep Crust. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 187-202.
20. Schidlowski, M., 1988. A 3,800-million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks. Nature (London), 333: 313-318.
21. Schidlowski, M. and Aharon, P., 1992. Carbon cycle and carbon isotope record: geochemical impact of life over 3.8 Ga of earth history. In: M. Schidlowski, S. Kimberley, M.M. Golubic, D.M. McKirdy and P.A. Trudinger (Editors), Early Organic Evolution: Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources. Springer, Berlin, pp. 147-175.
22. 9-yr-old Isua sediments, West Greenland: implications for the Archaean carbon and oxygen cycles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43: 189-199.
23. Schidlowski, M., Hayes, J.M. and Kaplan, I.R., 1983. Isotopic inferences of ancient biochemistries: carbon, sulfur, hydrogen and nitrogen. In: J.W. Schopf (Editor), Earth's Earliest Biosphere: Its Origin and Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., pp. 149-186.