메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 133, Issue 13-14, 1996, Pages 1095-1124

The proximate mechanisms of natal dispersal in female horses

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HAREM; HORSE; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; INTRASEXUAL COMPETITION; NATAL DISPERSAL;

EID: 0030437991     PISSN: 00057959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156853996x00611     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (81)
  • 2
    • 0016235113 scopus 로고
    • Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods
    • Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods. - Behaviour 49, p. 227-267.
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.49 , pp. 227-267
    • Altmann, J.1
  • 3
    • 0023355252 scopus 로고
    • Female transfer in baboons
    • Anderson, C.M. (1987). Female transfer in baboons. - Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 73, p. 241-250.
    • (1987) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.73 , pp. 241-250
    • Anderson, C.M.1
  • 4
    • 0001488233 scopus 로고
    • The vegetation of a Camargue pasture
    • Bassett, P.A. (1978). The vegetation of a Camargue pasture. - J. Ecol. 66, p. 803-827.
    • (1978) J. Ecol. , vol.66 , pp. 803-827
    • Bassett, P.A.1
  • 5
    • 0000676154 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian dispersal and the ontogeny of individual behavioral phenotypes
    • Bekoff, M. (1977). Mammalian dispersal and the ontogeny of individual behavioral phenotypes. - Amer. Nat. 111, p. 715-732.
    • (1977) Amer. Nat. , vol.111 , pp. 715-732
    • Bekoff, M.1
  • 7
    • 0001903625 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive fates of dispersers in a harem-dwelling ungulate: The wild horse
    • (B.D. Chepko-Sade & Z.T. Halpin, eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • _ (1987). Reproductive fates of dispersers in a harem-dwelling ungulate: The wild horse. - In: Mammalian dispersal patterns: The effects of social structure on population genetics (B.D. Chepko-Sade & Z.T. Halpin, eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 41-54.
    • (1987) Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics , pp. 41-54
  • 8
    • 0040209759 scopus 로고
    • Influence of familiarity on frequency of inbreeding in wild horses
    • _ & Cunningham, C. (1987). Influence of familiarity on frequency of inbreeding in wild horses. - Evolution 41, p. 229-231.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 229-231
    • Cunningham, C.1
  • 9
    • 0000236249 scopus 로고
    • The effects of adult removal on dispersal of yearling yellow-bellied marmots
    • Brody, A.K. & Armitage, K.B. (1985). The effects of adult removal on dispersal of yearling yellow-bellied marmots. - Can. J. Zool. 63, p. 2560-2564.
    • (1985) Can. J. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 2560-2564
    • Brody, A.K.1    Armitage, K.B.2
  • 10
    • 0017884398 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of immature male and female baboons with adult females
    • Cheney, D.L. (1978). Interactions of immature male and female baboons with adult females. - Anim. Behav. 26, p. 389-408.
    • (1978) Anim. Behav. , vol.26 , pp. 389-408
    • Cheney, D.L.1
  • 11
    • 0024476891 scopus 로고
    • Female transfer and inbreeding avoidance in social mammals
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H. (1989). Female transfer and inbreeding avoidance in social mammals. - Nature 337, p. 70-72.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 70-72
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 12
    • 0003084716 scopus 로고
    • Emigration by female red howler monkeys and the case for female competition
    • M.F. Small, ed.. Alan R. Liss, New York
    • Crockett, C.M. (1984). Emigration by female red howler monkeys and the case for female competition. - In: Female primates: Studies by women primatologists (M.F. Small, ed.). Alan R. Liss, New York, p. 159-173.
    • (1984) Female Primates: Studies by Women Primatologists , pp. 159-173
    • Crockett, C.M.1
  • 13
    • 58149403755 scopus 로고
    • Competition for mates and predominant juvenile male dispersal in mammals
    • Dobson, F.S. (1982). Competition for mates and predominant juvenile male dispersal in mammals. - Anim. Behav. 30, p. 1183-1192.
    • (1982) Anim. Behav. , vol.30 , pp. 1183-1192
    • Dobson, F.S.1
  • 14
    • 0000686988 scopus 로고
    • Multiple causes of dispersal
    • _ & Jones, W.T. (1985). Multiple causes of dispersal. - Am. Nat. 126, p. 855-858.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.126 , pp. 855-858
    • Jones, W.T.1
  • 15
    • 0002474568 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the use of habitat by horses in a mediterranean wetland
    • Duncan, P. (1983). Determinants of the use of habitat by horses in a Mediterranean wetland. - J. Anim. Ecol. 52, p. 93-109.
    • (1983) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.52 , pp. 93-109
    • Duncan, P.1
  • 16
    • 0003732606 scopus 로고
    • Horses and grasses: The nutritional ecology of equids and their impact on the Camargue
    • Springer-Verlag, New York
    • _ (1992). Horses and grasses: The nutritional ecology of equids and their impact on the Camargue. - Ecological Studies 87, Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1992) Ecological Studies , vol.87
  • 17
    • 0001390925 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of inbreeding in a natural herd of horses
    • _, Feh, C., Gleize, J.C., Malkas, P. & Scott, A.M. (1984). Reduction of inbreeding in a natural herd of horses. - Anim. Behav. 32, p. 520-527.
    • (1984) Anim. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 520-527
    • Feh, C.1    Gleize, J.C.2    Malkas, P.3    Scott, A.M.4
  • 19
    • 0025205637 scopus 로고
    • Instability of harems of feral horses in relation to season and presence of subordinate stallions
    • Franke Stevens, E. (1990). Instability of harems of feral horses in relation to season and presence of subordinate stallions. - Behaviour 112, p. 149-161.
    • (1990) Behaviour , vol.112 , pp. 149-161
    • Franke Stevens, E.1
  • 20
    • 0000496953 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting socioecologies of south america's wild camelids: The vicuna and guanuco
    • J.F. Eisenberg & D.G. Kleiman, eds. Special Publication no. 7, American Society of Mammalogists, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania
    • Franklin, W.L. (1983). Contrasting socioecologies of South America's wild camelids: The vicuna and guanuco. - In: Advances in the study of mammalian behavior (J.F. Eisenberg & D.G. Kleiman, eds). Special Publication no. 7, American Society of Mammalogists, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, p. 573-629.
    • (1983) Advances in the Study of Mammalian Behavior , pp. 573-629
    • Franklin, W.L.1
  • 23
    • 0000456480 scopus 로고
    • Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals
    • Greenwood, P.J. (1980). Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals. - Anim. Behav. 28, p. 1140-1162.
    • (1980) Anim. Behav. , vol.28 , pp. 1140-1162
    • Greenwood, P.J.1
  • 24
    • 0018229145 scopus 로고
    • Strategies of emigration and transfer by primates, with particular reference to gorillas
    • Harcourt, A.H. (1978). Strategies of emigration and transfer by primates, with particular reference to gorillas. - Z. Tierpsychol. 48, p. 401-420.
    • (1978) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.48 , pp. 401-420
    • Harcourt, A.H.1
  • 25
    • 0000885012 scopus 로고
    • Social relationships among adult female mountain gorillas
    • _ (1979). Social relationships among adult female mountain gorillas. - Anim. Behav. 27, p. 251-264.
    • (1979) Anim. Behav. , vol.27 , pp. 251-264
  • 26
    • 0001075232 scopus 로고
    • Male emigration and female transfer in wild mountain gorilla
    • _, Stewart, K.S. & Fossey, D. (1976). Male emigration and female transfer in wild mountain gorilla. - Nature 263, p. 226-227.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.263 , pp. 226-227
    • Stewart, K.S.1    Fossey, D.2
  • 27
    • 0027091425 scopus 로고
    • Is reduced affiliative rather than increased agonistic behaviour associated with dispersal in red foxes?
    • Harris, S. & White, P.C.L. (1992). Is reduced affiliative rather than increased agonistic behaviour associated with dispersal in red foxes? - Anim. Behav. 44, p. 1085-1089.
    • (1992) Anim. Behav. , vol.44 , pp. 1085-1089
    • Harris, S.1    White, P.C.L.2
  • 28
    • 0001443231 scopus 로고
    • Do animals avoid incest?
    • Harvey, P.H. & Rails, K. (1986). Do animals avoid incest? - Nature 320, p. 575-576.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.320 , pp. 575-576
    • Harvey, P.H.1    Rails, K.2
  • 29
    • 0020838565 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares
    • Henneke, D.R., Potter, G.D., Kreider, J.L. & Yeates, B.F. (1983). Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares. - Equine vet. J. 15, p. 371-372.
    • (1983) Equine Vet. J. , vol.15 , pp. 371-372
    • Henneke, D.R.1    Potter, G.D.2    Kreider, J.L.3    Yeates, B.F.4
  • 31
    • 0027884006 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of dominance in free-living spotted hyaenas: Juvenile rank relations with other immature individuals
    • Holekamp, K.E. & Smale, L. (1993). Ontogeny of dominance in free-living spotted hyaenas: Juvenile rank relations with other immature individuals. - Anim. Behav. 46, p. 451-466.
    • (1993) Anim. Behav. , vol.46 , pp. 451-466
    • Holekamp, K.E.1    Smale, L.2
  • 32
    • 49349126772 scopus 로고
    • Dominance hierarchies in domestic horses
    • Houpt, K.A., Law, K. & Martinisi, V. (1978). Dominance hierarchies in domestic horses. - Appl. Anim. Ethol. 4, p. 273-283.
    • (1978) Appl. Anim. Ethol. , vol.4 , pp. 273-283
    • Houpt, K.A.1    Law, K.2    Martinisi, V.3
  • 33
    • 0027446018 scopus 로고
    • Are immigrant vervet monkeys, cercopithecus aethiops, at greater risk of mortality than residents?
    • Isbell, L.A., Cheney, D.L. & Seyfarth, R.M. (1993). Are immigrant vervet monkeys, Cercopithecus aethiops, at greater risk of mortality than residents? - Anim. Behav. 45, p. 729-734.
    • (1993) Anim. Behav. , vol.45 , pp. 729-734
    • Isbell, L.A.1    Cheney, D.L.2    Seyfarth, R.M.3
  • 34
    • 0042838767 scopus 로고
    • Die fortpflanzung primitiven polnischen pferden, die frei im waldschutzgebiet leben
    • Jaworowska, M. (1981). Die Fortpflanzung primitiven polnischen Pferden, die frei im Waldschutzgebiet leben - Säugetierk. Mitteil. 29, p. 46-71.
    • (1981) Säugetierk. Mitteil. , vol.29 , pp. 46-71
    • Jaworowska, M.1
  • 35
    • 0025527249 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of dispersal: Theoretical models and empirical tests using birds and mammals
    • Johnson, M.L. & Gaines, M.S. (1990). Evolution of dispersal: Theoretical models and empirical tests using birds and mammals. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21, p. 449-480.
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.21 , pp. 449-480
    • Johnson, M.L.1    Gaines, M.S.2
  • 36
    • 0002665964 scopus 로고
    • The social organization and associated behaviour in the hartmann zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae)
    • Joubert, E. (1972). The social organization and associated behaviour in the Hartmann zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae). - Madoqua Ser. 1, p. 17-56.
    • (1972) Madoqua Ser. , vol.1 , pp. 17-56
    • Joubert, E.1
  • 37
    • 0011310827 scopus 로고
    • A population study of a unit group of pygmy chimpanzees of wamba -with a special reference to the possible lack of intraspecific killing
    • Y. Itô, J.L. Brown & J. Kikkawa, eds. Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo
    • Kano, T. (1987). A population study of a unit group of pygmy chimpanzees of Wamba -with a special reference to the possible lack of intraspecific killing. - In: Animal societies: Theories and facts (Y. Itô, J.L. Brown & J. Kikkawa, eds). Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo, p. 159-172.
    • (1987) Animal Societies: Theories and Facts , pp. 159-172
    • Kano, T.1
  • 38
    • 0014146447 scopus 로고
    • Soziale organisation und verhalten freilebender steppenzebras
    • Klingel, H. (1967). Soziale Organisation und Verhalten freilebender Steppenzebras. -Z. Tierpsychol. 24, p. 580-624.
    • (1967) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.24 , pp. 580-624
    • Klingel, H.1
  • 39
    • 0000177388 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction in the plains zebra, equus burchelli boehmi: Behaviour and ecological factors
    • _ (1969). Reproduction in the plains zebra, Equus burchelli boehmi: Behaviour and ecological factors. - J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 6, p. 339-345.
    • (1969) J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. , vol.6 , pp. 339-345
  • 40
    • 0002320582 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the social behaviour of the equidae
    • V. Geist & F. Walther, eds. I.U.C.N. Publ. New Series 24, Morges, Switzerland
    • _ (1974). A comparison of the social behaviour of the Equidae. - In: The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management (V. Geist & F. Walther, eds). I.U.C.N. Publ. New Series 24, Morges, Switzerland, p. 124-132.
    • (1974) The Behaviour of Ungulates and Its Relation to Management , pp. 124-132
  • 42
    • 0000628516 scopus 로고
    • Status, reproductive success and fitness in cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra)
    • Lloyd, P.H. & Rasa, O.A.E. (1989). Status, reproductive success and fitness in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra). - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 25, p. 411-420.
    • (1989) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 411-420
    • Lloyd, P.H.1    Rasa, O.A.E.2
  • 44
    • 85069090224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of natal dispersal in female horses
    • _ & Duncan, P. (in press). Consequences of natal dispersal in female horses. - Anim. Behav.
    • Anim. Behav.
    • Duncan, P.1
  • 45
    • 51249183684 scopus 로고
    • Female transfer in primates
    • Moore, J. (1984). Female transfer in primates. - Int. J. Primatol. 5, p. 537-589.
    • (1984) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.5 , pp. 537-589
    • Moore, J.1
  • 46
    • 0042337825 scopus 로고
    • Primate dispersal
    • _ (1988). Primate dispersal. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 3, p. 144-145.
    • (1988) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 144-145
  • 47
    • 0003045713 scopus 로고
    • Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?
    • _ & Ali, R. (1984). Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related? - Anim. Behav. 32, p. 94-112.
    • (1984) Anim. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 94-112
    • Ali, R.1
  • 48
    • 0002482540 scopus 로고
    • The social structure of chimpanzees of the mahale mountains
    • D.A. Hamburg & E.R. McCown, eds. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park
    • Nishida, T. (1979). The social structure of chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. - In: The great apes (D.A. Hamburg & E.R. McCown, eds). Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, p. 73-121.
    • (1979) The Great Apes , pp. 73-121
    • Nishida, T.1
  • 49
    • 58149366341 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal and inbreeding avoidance
    • Packer, C. (1985). Dispersal and inbreeding avoidance. - Anim. Behav. 33, p. 676-678.
    • (1985) Anim. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 676-678
    • Packer, C.1
  • 50
    • 85005608747 scopus 로고
    • A long-term study of social organization and behaviour of cape mountain zebra, Equus zebra zebra
    • Penzhorn, B.L. (1984). A long-term study of social organization and behaviour of Cape mountain zebra, Equus zebra zebra. - Z. Tierpsychol. 64, p. 97-146.
    • (1984) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.64 , pp. 97-146
    • Penzhorn, B.L.1
  • 51
    • 84990749906 scopus 로고
    • Agonistic interactions of juvenile savanna baboons. I. Fundamental features
    • Pereira, M.E. (1988). Agonistic interactions of juvenile savanna baboons. I. Fundamental features. - Ethology 79, p. 195-217.
    • (1988) Ethology , vol.79 , pp. 195-217
    • Pereira, M.E.1
  • 52
    • 0042838763 scopus 로고
    • Disappearance and dispersal of Spermophilus elegans juveniles in relation to behavior
    • Pfeifer, S.L.R. (1982). Disappearance and dispersal of Spermophilus elegans juveniles in relation to behavior. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 10, p. 237-243.
    • (1982) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.10 , pp. 237-243
    • Pfeifer, S.L.R.1
  • 53
    • 0002894444 scopus 로고
    • Inter-community transfer of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park
    • D.A. Hamburg & E.R. McCown, eds. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park
    • Pusey, A.E. (1979). Inter-community transfer of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park. - In: The great apes (D.A. Hamburg & E.R. McCown, eds). Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, p. 465-479.
    • (1979) The Great Apes , pp. 465-479
    • Pusey, A.E.1
  • 54
    • 0345225322 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding avoidance in chimpanzees
    • _ (1980). Inbreeding avoidance in chimpanzees. - Anim. Behav. 28, p. 543-552.
    • (1980) Anim. Behav. , vol.28 , pp. 543-552
  • 55
    • 1842337008 scopus 로고
    • Mother-offspring relationships in chimpanzees after weaning
    • _ (1983). Mother-offspring relationships in chimpanzees after weaning. - Anim. Behav. 31, p. 363-377.
    • (1983) Anim. Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 363-377
  • 56
    • 0023480935 scopus 로고
    • Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals
    • _ (1987). Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals. -Trends Ecol. Evol. 2, p. 295-299.
    • (1987) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.2 , pp. 295-299
  • 57
    • 85069113406 scopus 로고
    • Primate dispersal - Reply to J. Moore
    • _ (1988). Primate dispersal - Reply to J. Moore. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 3, p. 145-146.
    • (1988) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 145-146
  • 58
    • 0025528413 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural changes at adolescence in chimpanzees
    • _ (1990). Behavioural changes at adolescence in chimpanzees. - Behaviour 115, p. 203-246.
    • (1990) Behaviour , vol.115 , pp. 203-246
  • 59
    • 0001845714 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal and philopatry
    • B.B. Smuts. D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham & T.T. Struhsaker, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • _ & Packer, C. (1987). Dispersal and philopatry. - In: Primate societies (B.B. Smuts. D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham & T.T. Struhsaker, eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 250-266.
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 250-266
    • Packer, C.1
  • 60
    • 0001993991 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding in natural populations of birds and mammals
    • M. Soulé, ed.. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • Rails, K., Harvey, P.H. & Lyles, A.M. (1986). Inbreeding in natural populations of birds and mammals. - In: Conservation biology (M. Soulé, ed.). Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, p. 35-56.
    • (1986) Conservation Biology , pp. 35-56
    • Rails, K.1    Harvey, P.H.2    Lyles, A.M.3
  • 61
    • 0025662719 scopus 로고
    • Inter-group transfer in assateague pony mares
    • Rutberg, A.T. (1990). Inter-group transfer in Assateague pony mares. - Anim. Behav. 40, p. 945-952.
    • (1990) Anim. Behav. , vol.40 , pp. 945-952
    • Rutberg, A.T.1
  • 62
    • 0025638409 scopus 로고
    • Dominance, aggression frequencies and modes of aggressive competition in feral pony mares
    • _ & Greenberg, S.A. (1990). Dominance, aggression frequencies and modes of aggressive competition in feral pony mares. - Anim. Behav. 40, p. 322-331.
    • (1990) Anim. Behav. , vol.40 , pp. 322-331
    • Greenberg, S.A.1
  • 63
    • 0027800413 scopus 로고
    • Proximate causes of natal dispersal in feral ponies: Some sex differences
    • _ & Keiper, R.R. (1993). Proximate causes of natal dispersal in feral ponies: Some sex differences. - Anim. Behav. 46, p. 969-975.
    • (1993) Anim. Behav. , vol.46 , pp. 969-975
    • Keiper, R.R.1
  • 64
    • 0001838696 scopus 로고
    • Social dominance relationships in a herd of dairy cattle
    • Schein, M.W. & Fohrman, M.H. (1955). Social dominance relationships in a herd of dairy cattle. - Brit. J Anim. Behav. 3, p. 45-55.
    • (1955) Brit. J Anim. Behav. , vol.3 , pp. 45-55
    • Schein, M.W.1    Fohrman, M.H.2
  • 65
    • 84990789892 scopus 로고
    • Stability and dynamics of group composition in a herd of captive plains zebras
    • Schilder, M.B.H. (1992). Stability and dynamics of group composition in a herd of captive plains zebras. - Ethology 90, p. 154-168.
    • (1992) Ethology , vol.90 , pp. 154-168
    • Schilder, M.B.H.1
  • 66
    • 0001826078 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal and mating systems: Investigating their causal connections
    • B.D. Chepko-Sade & Z.T. Halpin, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Shields, W.M. (1987). Dispersal and mating systems: Investigating their causal connections. - In: Mammalian dispersal patterns: The effects of social structure on population genetics (B.D. Chepko-Sade & Z.T. Halpin, eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 3-24.
    • (1987) Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics , pp. 3-24
    • Shields, W.M.1
  • 67
    • 0000858335 scopus 로고
    • Life history of hamadryas baboons: Physical development, infant mortality, reproductive parameters, and family relationships
    • Sigg, H., Stolba, A., Abegglen, J.J. & Dasser, V. (1982). Life history of hamadryas baboons: Physical development, infant mortality, reproductive parameters, and family relationships. - Primates 23, p. 473-487.
    • (1982) Primates , vol.23 , pp. 473-487
    • Sigg, H.1    Stolba, A.2    Abegglen, J.J.3    Dasser, V.4
  • 68
    • 0027803979 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of dominance in free-living spotted hyaenas: Juvenile rank relations with adult females and immigrant males
    • Smale, L., Frank, L.G. & Holekamp, K.E. (1993). Ontogeny of dominance in free-living spotted hyaenas: Juvenile rank relations with adult females and immigrant males. -Anim. Behav. 46. p. 467-477.
    • (1993) Anim. Behav. , vol.46 , pp. 467-477
    • Smale, L.1    Frank, L.G.2    Holekamp, K.E.3
  • 69
    • 0013440852 scopus 로고
    • Population characteristics of burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum, H. Smith, 1841) in the Kruger National Park
    • Smuts, G.L. (1976). Population characteristics of Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum, H. Smith, 1841) in the Kruger National Park. - S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 6, p. 99-112.
    • (1976) S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 99-112
    • Smuts, G.L.1
  • 70
    • 0011897868 scopus 로고
    • Responsiveness to 'social' releasers in cattle. II. Relation between social status and responsi veness and possible effect of previous familiarization with the test conditions
    • Soffié, M. & Zayan, R. (1978). Responsiveness to 'social' releasers in cattle. II. Relation between social status and responsi veness and possible effect of previous familiarization with the test conditions. - Behav. Processes 3, p. 241-258.
    • (1978) Behav. Processes , vol.3 , pp. 241-258
    • Soffié, M.1    Zayan, R.2
  • 71
    • 0002719965 scopus 로고
    • Gorillas: Variation in female relationships
    • B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham & T.T. Struhsaker, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Stewart, K.J. & Harcourt, A.H. (1987). Gorillas: Variation in female relationships. -In: Primate societies (B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham & T.T. Struhsaker, eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 155-164.
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 155-164
    • Stewart, K.J.1    Harcourt, A.H.2
  • 72
    • 85068409711 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and sexual selection
    • B.G. Campbell, ed.. Aldine, Chicago
    • Trivers, R.L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. - In: Sexual selection and the descent of man (B.G. Campbell, ed.). Aldine, Chicago, p. 136-179.
    • (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man , pp. 136-179
    • Trivers, R.L.1
  • 73
    • 0002658771 scopus 로고
    • Conflict and cooperation
    • B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham & T.T. Struhsaker, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Walters, J.R. & Seyfarth, R.M. (1987). Conflict and cooperation. - In: Primate societies (B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham & T.T. Struhsaker, eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 306-317.
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 306-317
    • Walters, J.R.1    Seyfarth, R.M.2
  • 74
    • 0001694508 scopus 로고
    • When should animals tolerate inbreeding?
    • Waser, P.M., Austad, S.N. & Keane, B. (1986). When should animals tolerate inbreeding? - Amer. Nat. 128, p. 529-537.
    • (1986) Amer. Nat. , vol.128 , pp. 529-537
    • Waser, P.M.1    Austad, S.N.2    Keane, B.3
  • 75
    • 0021061417 scopus 로고
    • Natal philopatry among solitary mammals
    • _ & Jones, W.T. (1983). Natal philopatry among solitary mammals. - Quart. Rev. Biol. 58, p. 355-390.
    • (1983) Quart. Rev. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 355-390
    • Jones, W.T.1
  • 76
    • 84990147631 scopus 로고
    • Mountain gorilla reproduction and sexual behavior
    • Watts, D.P. (1991). Mountain gorilla reproduction and sexual behavior. - Am. J. Primatol. 24, p. 211-225.
    • (1991) Am. J. Primatol. , vol.24 , pp. 211-225
    • Watts, D.P.1
  • 77
    • 85005558642 scopus 로고
    • Social behaviour and relationships in a herd of camargue horses
    • Wells, S.M. & von Goldschmidt-Rothschild, B. (1979). Social behaviour and relationships in a herd of Camargue horses. - Z. Tierpsychol. 49, p. 363-380.
    • (1979) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.49 , pp. 363-380
    • Wells, S.M.1    Von Goldschmidt-Rothschild, B.2
  • 79
    • 0027088003 scopus 로고
    • The resident fitness hypothesis and dispersal by yearling female columbian ground squirrels
    • Wiggett, D. & Boag, D.A. (1992). The resident fitness hypothesis and dispersal by yearling female Columbian ground squirrels. - Can. J. Zool. 70, p. 1984-1994.
    • (1992) Can. J. Zool. , vol.70 , pp. 1984-1994
    • Wiggett, D.1    Boag, D.A.2
  • 80
    • 0026616379 scopus 로고
    • Parents suppress reproduction and stimulate dispersal in opposite-sex juvenile white-footed mice
    • Wolff, J.O. (1992). Parents suppress reproduction and stimulate dispersal in opposite-sex juvenile white-footed mice. - Nature 359, p. 409-410.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 409-410
    • Wolff, J.O.1
  • 81
    • 0000775616 scopus 로고
    • What is the role of adults in mammalian juvenile dispersal?
    • _ (1993). What is the role of adults in mammalian juvenile dispersal? - Oikos 68, p. 173-176.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 173-176


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.