Sign surveys for estimating trend of a remnant brown bear Ursus arctos population in northern Spain

Wildlife Biology

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 275-281

  Clevenger, Anthony P ^a,b,c   Purroy, Francisco J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEÓN   (Spain)

^c Banff National Park   (Canada)

Author keywords

Brown bear; Monitoring; Population trend; Sign survey; Spain; Statistical power; Ursus arclos

Indexed keywords

SCATOPHAGIDAE (FISHES); URSUS; URSUS ARCTOS;

EID: 0030437544     PISSN: 09096396     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2981/wlb.1996.031     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Clevenger, A.P. 1994: Sign surveys as an important tool in carnivore conservation research and management programmes. - Environmental Encounters 17: 44-55.
2. Clevenger, A.P. & Purroy, F.J. 1991: Demografia del oso pardo Ursus arctos en la Cordillera Cantábrica (In Spanish with English summary: Brown bear demography in the Cantabrian Mountains) - Ecología 5: 243-256.
3. Clevenger, A.P., Purroy, F.J. & Pelton, M.R. 1990: Movements and activity patterns of a European brown bear in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain. - International Conference on Bear Research and Management 8: 205-212.
4. Clevenger, A.P., Purroy, F.J. & Pelton, M.R. 1993: Winter activity and den characteristics of brown bears in the Riaño National Hunting Reserve, Spain. - Transactions of the International Union of Game Biologists Congress 18: 349-352.
5. Clevenger, A.P., Purroy, F.J. & Sáenz de Buruaga, M. 1987: Status of the brown bear in the Cantabrian Mountains. - International Conference on Bear Research and Management 7: 1-8.
6. Council of Europe 1989: Workshop on the situation of the brown bear in Europe. - Environmental Encounters No. 6, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France, 78 pp.
7. De la Mare, W.K. 1984: On the power of catch per unit effort series to detect declines in whale stocks. - Report of the International Whaling Commission 34: 655-661.
8. De Vos, A. 1952: The ecology and management of fisher and marten in Ontario. - Technical Bulletin, Ontario Department of Lands and Forestry, Toronto, Canada, 90 pp.
9. Diefenbach, D.R., Conroy, M.J., Warren, R.J., James, W.E., Baker, L.A. & Hon, T. 1994: A test of the scent-station survey technique for bobcats. - Journal of Wildlife Management 58: 10-17.
10. Dzieciolowski, R. 1976: Estimating ungulate numbers in a forest by track counts. - Acta Theriologica 21: 217-222.
11. Eberhardt, L.L., Blanchard, B.M. & Knight, R.R. 1994: Population trend of the Yellowstone grizzly bear as estimated from reproductive and survival rates. - Canadian Journal of Zoology 72: 360-363.
12. Eberhardt, L.L., Knight, R.R. & Blanchard, B.M. 1986: Monitoring grizzly bear population trends. - Journal of Wildlife Management 50: 613-618.
13. Forney, K.A., Hanan, D.A. & Barlow, J. 1991: Detecting trends in harbor porpoise abundance from aerial surveys using analysis of covariance. - Fisheries Bulletin 89: 367-377.
14. Gerrodette, T. 1987: A power analysis for detecting trends. - Ecology 68: 1354-1372.
15. Green, R.H. 1989: Power analysis and practical strategies for environmental monitoring. - Environmental Research 50: 195-205.
16. Harris, R.B. 1986: Reliability of trend lines obtained from variable counts. - Journal of Wildlife Management 50: 165-171.
17. Keith, L.B. & Windberg, L.A. 1978: A demographic analysis of the snowshoe hare cycle. - Wildlife Monograph No. 58, 45 pp.
18. Kendall, K.C., Metzgar, L.H., Patterson, D.A. & Steele, B.M. 1992: Power of sign surveys to monitor population trends. - Ecological Applications 2: 422-430.
19. Knight, R.R., Blanchard, B.M. & Eberhardt, L.L. 1995: Appraising status of the Yellowstone grizzly bear population by counting females with cubs-of-the-year. - Wildlife Society Bulletin 23: 245-248.
20. Kuehl, R.O. 1994: Statistical principles of research design and analysis. - Wadsworth Publishing Co., Belmont, California, USA, 445 pp.
21. Linhart, S.B. & Knowlton, F.F. 1975: Determining the relative abundance of coyotes by scent-station lines. - Wildlife Society Bulletin 3: 119-124.
22. Lockie, J.D. 1964: Distribution and fluctuations of the pine marten in Scotland. - Journal of Animal Ecology 33: 349-356.
23. Mason, C.F. & Macdonald, S.M. 1987: The use of spraints for surveying otter populations: An evaluation. - Biological Conservation 41: 161-177.
24. Mooty, J.J., Karns, P.D. & Heisey, D.M. 1984: The relationship between white-tailed deer track counts and pellet-group surveys. - Journal of Wildlife Management 48: 275-279.
25. Naves, J. & Palomero, G. 1993: El oso pardo en España. - Instituto para la conservation de la naturaleza (ICONA), Madrid, 384 pp. (In Spanish).
26. Neff, D.J. 1968: The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census and distribution: a review. - Journal of Wildlife Management 32: 597-614.
27. Noss, R.F. & Cooperrider, A.Y. 1994: Saving nature's legacy: Protecting and restoring biodiversity. - Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 416 pp.
28. Nottingham, B.G. Jr., Johnson, K.G. & Pelton, M.R. 1989: Evaluation of scent-station surveys to monitor raccoon density. - Wildlife Society Bulletin 17: 29-35.
29. Peterman, R.M. 1990: Statistical power analysis can improve fisheries research and management. - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 47: 2-15.
30. Pulliainen, E. 1981: A transect survey of small land carnivore and red fox populations on a subarctic fell in Finnish Lapland over 13 winters. - Annales Zoologi Fennici 18: 270-278.
31. Putman, R.J. 1984: Facts from faeces. - Mammal Review 14: 79-97.
32. Quinn, J.F. & Dunham, A.E. 1983: On hypothesis testing in ecology and evolution. - American Naturalist 122: 602-617.
33. Raphael, M.G. & Rosenberg, K.V. 1993: An integrated approach to wildlife inventories in forested habitats. - In: Bell, J.F. & Atterbury, T. (Eds.); Renewable resource inventories for monitoring changes and trends. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, pp. 219-222.
34. Rau, J.R., Delibes, M., Ruiz, J. & Servin, J.I. 1985: Estimating abundance of the red fox in SW Spain. - Transactions of the International Union of Game Biologists Congress 17: 869-876.
35. Rivas-Martinez, S., Diaz, T., Prieto, J., Loidi, J. & Penas, A. 1984: Los Picos de Europa: la vegetacion de la Alla Montaña Cantábrica. - Ediciones Leonesas, León, Spain, 356 pp. (In Spanish).
36. Roughton, R.D. & Sweeney, M.W. 1982: Refinements in scent-station methodology for assessing trends in carnivore populations. - Journal of Wildlife Management 46: 217-229.
37. Servheen, C. 1990: Status and conservation of bears of the world. - International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Monograph Series No. 2, 54 pp.
38. Smallwood, K.S. & Fitzhugh, E.L. 1995: A track count for estimating mountain lion population trend. - Biological Conservation 71: 251-259.
39. Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. 1980: Statistical methods. - Seventh edition, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, 507 pp.
40. Taylor, B.L. & Gerrodette, T. 1993: The uses of statistical power in conservation biology: the vaquita and northern spotted owl. - Conservation Biology 7: 489-500.
41. van Dyke, F.G., Brocke, R.H. & Shaw, H.G. 1986: Use of road track counts as indices of mountain lion presence. - Journal of Wildlife Management 50: 102-109.
42. van Home, B. 1983: Density as a misleading indicator of habitat quality. - Journal of Wildlife Management 47: 893-901.
43. Zielinski, W.J. & Stauffer, H.B. 1996: Monitoring Martes populations in California: survey design and power analysis. - Ecological Applications 6: 1254-1267.