Seasonal variation of liquid and ice water path in nonprecipitating clouds over oceans

Journal of Climate

Volumn 9, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 2890-2902

  Lin, Bing ^a,c   Rossow, William B ^b  

^a The College of William and Mary   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES   (United States)

^c NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD PHYSICS; ICE WATER PATH; ISCCP; LIQUID WATER PATH; LIQUID/ICE WATER PATH; NON PRECIPITATING CLOUD; NONPRECIPITATING CLOUDS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SSM/I;

EID: 0030437514     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2890:SVOLAI>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Adler, R. F., R. A. Mack, N. Prasad, H.-Y. M. Yeh, and I. M. Hakkarinen, 1990: Aircraft microwave observations and simulations of deep convection from 18 to 183 GHz. Part I: Observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 377-391.
2. _, H.-Y. Yeh, N. Prasad, W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1991: Microwave simulations of a tropical rainfall system with a three-dimensional cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 924-953.
3. Baum, B. A., B. A. Wielicki, P. Minnis, and L. Parker, 1992: Cloud-property retrieval using merged HIRS and AVHHR data. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 351-369.
4. Blaskovic, M., R. Davies, and J. B. Snider, 1991: Diurnal variation of marine stratocumulus over San Nicolas Island during July 1987. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1469-1478.
5. Burkovskaya, S. N., A. L. Kosarev, and A. Y. Naumov, 1991: Investigation of cirrus microstructure on May 15, 1989. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 27, 714-724.
6. Carlson, B., A. A. Lacis, and W. B. Rossow, 1993: Tropospheric gas composition and cloud structure of the Jovian north equatorial belt. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5251-5290.
7. Chiu, L. S., A. T. C. Chang, and J. Janowiak, 1993: Comparison of monthly rain rates derived from GPI and SSM/I using probability distribution functions. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 323-334.
8. Del Genio, A. D., 1993: Convective and large-scale cloud processes in global climate models. Proceedings of Energy and Water Cycle in the Climate System, E. Rasche and D. Jacob, Eds., NATO Advanced Study Institute, 95-121.
9. _, M.-S. Yao, W. Kovari, and K. K.-W. Lo, 1996: A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models. J. Climate, 9, 270-304.
10. Fairall, C. W., J. E. Hare, and J. B. Snider, 1990: An eight-month sample of marine stratocumulus cloud fraction, albedo, and integrated liquid water. J. Climate, 3, 847-864.
11. Feigelson, E. M., 1984: Radiation in a Cloudy Atmosphere. D. Reidel, 293 pp.
12. Francis, P. N., 1995: Some aircraft observations of the scattering properties of ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1142-1154.
13. Gamache, J. F., 1990: Microphysical observations in summer MONEX convective and stratiform clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1238-1249.
14. Goodberlet, M. A., C. T. Swift, and J. C. Wilkerson, 1990: Ocean surface wind speed measurements of Spacial Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., GE-28, 832-828.
15. Greenwald, T. J., G. L. Stephens, T. H. Yonder Haar, and D. L. Jackson, 1993: A physical retrieval of cloud liquid water over the global oceans using SSM/I observations. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18471-18488.
16. Han, Q., W. B. Rossow, and A. A. Lacis, 1994: Nearly global survey of effective droplet radii in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data. J. Climate, 7, 465-497.
17. Heymsfield, A. J., 1972: Ice crystal terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1348-1357.
18. _, 1977: Precipitation development in stratiform ice clouds: A microphysical and dynamical study. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 367-381.
19. _, and L. J. Donner, 1990: A scheme for parameterizing ice cloud water content in general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1865-1877.
20. Hobbs, P. V., 1974: Ice Physics. Clarendon, 662-667.
21. _, and A. L. Rangno, 1985: Ice particle concentrations in clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2523-2549.
22. Li, Z., and H. Le Treut, 1992: Cloud radiation feedbacks in a general circulation model and their dependence on cloud modelling assumptions. Climate Dyn., 7, 133-139.
23. Liao, X., W. B. Rossow, and D. Rind, 1995: Comparison between SAGE II and ISCCP high-level clouds. Part II: Locating cloud-tops. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1137-1147.
24. Lin, B., 1995: Observations of cloud water path and precipitation over oceans using ISCCP and SSM/I data. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 315 pp.
25. _, and W. B. Rossow, 1994: Observations of cloud liquid water path over oceans: Optical and microwave remote sensing methods. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20 907-20 927.
26. Liu, G., and J. A. Curry, 1992: Retrieval of precipitation from satellite microwave measurements using both emission and scattering. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9959-9974.
27. _, and _, 1993: Determination of characteristic features of cloud liquid water from satellite microwave measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5069-5092.
28. Locatelli, J. D., and P. V. Hobbs, 1974: Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2185-2197.
29. Minnis, P., P. W. Heck, D. F. Young, C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider, 1992: Stratocumulus cloud properties derived from simultaneous satellite and island-based instrumentation during FIRE. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 317-339.
30. _, K. N. Liou, and Y. Takano, 1993a: Inference of cirrus cloud properties using satellite-observed visible and infrared radiances. Part I: Parameterization of radiance fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1279-1304.
31. _, P. W. Heck, and D. F. Young, 1993b: Inference of cirrus cloud properties using satellite-observed visible and infrared radiances. Part II: Verification of theoretical cirrus radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1305-1322.
32. Mishchenko, M. I., W. B. Rossow, A. Macke, and A. A. Lacis, 1996: Sensitivity of cirrus cloud albedo, bidirectional reflectance, and optical thickness retrieval accuracy to ice-particle shape. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16973-16985.
33. 2 and climate: A missing feedback? Nature, 341, 132-134.
34. Mugnai, A., and E. A. Smith, 1988: Radiative transfer to space through a precipitating cloud at multiple microwave frequencies. Part I: Model description. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 1055-1073.
35. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate. Amer. Inst. Phys., 520 pp.
36. Petty, G. W., 1990: On the response of the special sensor microwave/ imager to the marine environment: Implications for atmospheric parameter retrievals. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 292 pp.
37. Platt, C. M. R., J. C. Scott, and A. C. Dilley, 1987: Remote sounding of high clouds. Part VI: Optical properties of midlatitude and tropical cirrus. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 729-747.
38. Ropelewski, C. F., 1988: The global climate for June-August 1988: A swing to the positive phase of the Southern Oscillation, drought in the United States, and abundant rain in monsoon areas. J. Climate, 1, 1153-1174.
39. Rossow, W. B., and A. A. Lacis, 1990: Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance measurements. Part II: Cloud properties and radiative effects. J. Climate, 3, 1204-1253.
40. _, and R. A. Schiffer, 1991: ISCCP cloud data products. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2-20.
41. _, and L. C. Garder, 1993: Cloud detection using measurements of infrared and visible radiances for ISCCP. J. Climate, 6, 2341-2369.
42. _, and Y.-C. Zhang, 1995: Calculation of surface and top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP datasets. Part II: Validation and first results. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1167-1197.
43. _, L. C. Garder, and A. A. Lacis, 1989: Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance measurements. Part I: Sensitivity of analysis. J. Climate, 2, 419-462.
44. _, _, P.-J. Lu, and A. Walker, 1991: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) documentation of cloud data. WMO/TD 266, World Climate Research Programme (ICSU and WMO), Geneva, Switzerland, 76 pp.
45. _, A. W. Walker, and L. C. Garder, 1993: Comparison of ISCCP and other cloud amounts. J. Climate, 6, 2394-2418.
46. Sassen, K., 1991 : The polarization lidar technique for cloud research: A review and current assessment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1848-1866.
47. _, and H. Zhao, 1993: Supercooled liquid water clouds in Utah winter mountain storms: Cloud-seeding implications of a remote sensing dataset. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1548-1558.
48. _, D. Starr, and T. Uttal, 1989: Mesoscale and microscale structure of cirrus clouds: Three case studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 371-396.
49. Seze, G., and W. B. Rossow, 1991: Effects of satellite data resolution on measuring the space/time variations of surfaces and clouds. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 12, 921-952.
50. Sheu, R.-S., and G. Liu, 1995: Atmospheric humidity variations associated with westerly wind bursts during TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25 759-25 768.
51. Smith, E. A., and A. Mugnai, 1988: Radiative transfer to space through a precipitating cloud at multiple microwave frequencies. Part II: Results and analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 1074-1091.
52. Smith, R. N. B., 1990: A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 435-460.
53. Sun, Z., and K. P. Shine, 1994: Studies of the radiative properties of ice and mixed phase clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 111-137.
54. Tjemkes, S. A., G. L. Stephens, and D. L. Jackson, 1991: Spaceborne observation of column water vapor: SSMI observations and algorithm. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10941-10954.
55. Tselioudis, G., W. Rossow, and D. Rind, 1992: Global patterns of cloud optical thickness variation with temperature. J. Climate, 5, 1484-1495.
56. Wang, J., and W. B. Rossow, 1995: Determination of cloud vertical structure from upper-air observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2243-2258.
57. Warren, S. G., 1984: Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave. Appl. Optics, 23, 1206-1255.
58. _, C. J. Hahn, and J. London, 1985: Simultaneous occurrence of different cloud types. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 658-667.
59. Wielicki, B. A., J. T. Suttles, A. J. Heymsfield, R. M. Welch, J. D. Spinhirne, M.-L. C. Wu, D. O. Starr, L. Parker, and R. F. Arduini, 1990: The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: Comparison of radiative transfer theory with observations by satellite and aircraft. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2356-2376.
60. Wilheit, T. T., A. T. C. Chang, M. S. V. Rao, E. B. Rodgers, and J. S. Theon, 1977: A satellite technique for quantitatively mapping rainfall rates over the oceans. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, 551-560.
61. _, _, and L. S. Chiu, 1991: Retrieval of monthly rainfall indices from microwave radiometric measurements using probability distribution functions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 118-136.