Null models for assessing ecosystem conservation priorities: Threatened birds as titers of threatened ecosystems in South America;Modelos nulos para la evaluacion de prioridades de conservacion: Aves amenazadas como indicadoras de ecosistemas amenazados en Sudamerica

Conservation Biology

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 1343-1352

  Beissinger, Steven R ^a,d   Steadman, Eric C ^a,c   Wohlgenant, Timothy ^a,c   Blate, Geoffrey ^a   Zack, Steve ^b,c  

^a Yale University   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c University of California ^*  (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM CONSERVATION; ENDANGERED BIRD;

SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 0030437362     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10051343.x     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Allan, J. D., and A. S. Flecker. 1993. Biodiversity conservation in running waters. BioScience 43:32-43
2. Angermeir, P. L., and J. R. Karr. 1994. Biological integrity versus biological diversity as policy directives. BioScience 44:690-697
3. Balmford, A., and A. Long 1994. Avian endemism and forest loss Nature 372:623-624.
4. Balmford, A., and A. Long. 1995. Across-country analyses of biodiversity congruence and current conservation effort in the tropics. Conservation Biology 9:1539-1547.
5. Bibby, C. J , N. J Collar, M. J. Crosby, M. F. Heath, C. Imboden, T. H. Johnson, A. J Long. A J Stattersfield, and S. J. Thirgood. 1992. Putting biodiversity on the map: priority areas for global conservation. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
6. Blake, E R. 1977. Manual of Neotropical birds. Volume 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
7. Brooks, D. R., R. I. Mayden, and D. A. McLennan. 1992. Phylogeny and biodiversity: conserving our evolutionary legacy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:55-59.
8. Brown S., and A. E. Lugo. 1994. Rehabilitation of tropical lands: a key to sustaining development Resortation Ecology 2:97-111.
9. Caicco, S L., J. M. Scott, B. Butterfield, and B. Csuti. 1995. A gap analysis of the management status of the vegetation of Idaho (U S A.). Conservation Biology 9:498-511.
10. Caswell, H 1976. Community structure: a neutral model analysis. Ecological Monographs 46:327-354.
11. Ceballos, G., and J H. Brown. 1995. Global patterns of mammalian diversity, endemism, and endangerment. Conservation Biology 9: 559-568.
12. Ceballos, G , and A. Garcia. 1995. Conserving Neotropical biodiversity the role of dry forests in Western Mexico. Conservation Biology 9: 1349-1353.
13. Collar, N J., and P. Andrew. 1988. Birds to watch: the ICBP world checklist of threatened birds Technical publication no. 8. ICBP, Cambridge, England.
14. Colwell, R. K., and G. C. Hurtt. 1994. Nonbiological gradients in species richness and a spurious rapoport effect. American Naturalist 144:570-595.
15. Colwell, R K., and D. W. Winkler. 1984 A null model for null models in biogeography. Pages 344-359 in D. R. Strong, Jr., D. Simberloff, L. G. Abele, and A. B. Thistle, editors. Ecological communities: conceptual issues and the evidence Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
16. Connor, E. F., and D. Simberloff. 1979. Assembly of species communities: chance or competition? Ecology 60:1132-1140.
17. Connor, E. F., and D. Simberloff. 1984 Neutral models of species' co-occurrence patterns Pages 316-331 in D. R. Strong, Jr., D. Simberloff, L. G. Abele, and A. B Thistle, editors. Ecological communities: conceptual issues and the evidence. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
18. Conover. W. J. 1980. Practical nonparametric statistics 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
19. Curnutt, J., J. Lockwood, H. Luh, P. Nott, and G. Russell. 1994. Hotspots and species diversity. Nature 367:326-327.
20. DeAngelis, D. L. 1991. Dynamics of nutrient cycling and food webs Chapman and Hall, London.
21. Dinerstein, E., and E. D Wirkramanyake. 1993. Beyond "hotspots": How to prioritize investments to conserve biodiversity in the Indo-Pacific region. Conservation Biology 7:53-65
22. Dinerstein, E., D M. Olson, D. J Graham, A L Webster, S. A. Primm, M. P. Bookbinder, and G. Ledec. 1995. A conservation assessment of terrestrial ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
23. Dunning, J. S. 1987. South American birds, a photographic aid to identification. Harrowwood Books, Newton Square, Pennsylvania.
24. Espenshade. E. B., editor 1990 Goode's world atlas 18th edition. Rand McNally, Chicago.
25. Fearnside, P. M., and J. Ferraz. 1995. A conservation gap analysis of Brazil's Amazonian vegetation. Conservation Biology 9:1134-1147.
26. Fjeldsa, J., and N. Krabbe 1990. Birds of the high Andes Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
27. Fleischner, T L. 1994. Ecological costs of livestock grazing in western North America. Conservation Biology 8:629-644.
28. Fleiss, J. L. 1973. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
29. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1993. Forest resources assessment 1990: tropical countries. FAO, Rome.
30. Furness, R. W., and J. J D. Greenwood, editors. 1993. Birds as monitors of environmental change. Chapman & Hall, London.
31. Gardiner, R. H., and R. V. O'Neill. 1991. Pattern, process and predictability: The use of neutral models for landscape analysis. Pages 289-307 in M. G. Turner and R. H. Gardner, editors. Quantitative methods in landscape ecology Springer-Verlag, New York.
32. Gardiner, R. H. B T. Milne, M G. Turner, and R. V. O'Neill. 1987. Neutral landscapes for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 1:19-28.
33. Haffer, J 1990. Avian species richness in tropical South America. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 25:157-183.
34. Hilty, S. L., and W. L Brown. 1986. A guide to the birds of Columbia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
35. Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 4:1-23.
36. Houghton, R. A., D S Lefkowitz, and D. L. Skole. 1991. Changes in landscape of Latin America between 1850 and 1985. I. Progressive loss of forests. Forest Ecology and Management 38:143-172.
37. Houghton, R. A. 1994. The worldwide extent of land-use change. BioScience 44:305-313.
38. Howe, H. F. 1994. Managing species diversity in tallgrass prairie: assumptions and implications Conservation Biology 8:691-704.
39. Hunter, M. L., Jr., G. L. Jacobson, Jr., and T. Webb, III. 1988. Paleoecology and the coarse-filter approach to maintaining biological diversity. Conservation Biology 2:375-385.
40. IUCN (World Conservation Union). 1990 1990 United Nations list of national parks and protected areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
41. Jackson, D. A., K M Somers, and H. H. Harvey. 1992. Null models and fish communities of nonrandom patterns American Naturalist 139: 930-951.
42. Janzen, D. H. 1988. Tropical dry forests: the most endangered major tropical ecosystem. Pages 130-137 in E. O. Wilson, editor. Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
43. Karr, J. R. 1991. Biological integrity: a long-neglected aspect of water resource management. Ecological Applications 1:66-84.
44. Mares, M 1992 Neotropical mammals and the myth of Amazon biodiversity. Science 255:976-979
45. Myers, N. 1988. Threatened biotas: "hotspots" in tropical forests The Environmentalist 8:187-208.
46. Myers, N 1990. The biodiversity challenge: expanded hot-spots analyses. The Environmentalist 10:243-256.
47. Naeem, S., L. J Thompson, S. P. Lawler, J. H. Lawton, and R. M. Woodfin. 1994. Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature 368:734-737.
48. Narosky, T., and D Yzuneta. 1987. Guia para la identificacion de las aves de Argentina y Uruguay. Vazquez Mazzini Editores, Buenos Aires, Argentina
49. Newmark. W. D 1987. A land-bridge perspective on mammalian extinctions in western North American parks. Nature 325:671-673.
50. Noss, R. F., E. T. LaRoe, III, and J. M. Scott. 1995. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: a preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. Biological report 28. National Biological Service, Washington, D C
51. Pearson, D. L., and F. Cassola. 1992. World-wide species richness patterns of tiger beetles (Coleoptera:cicindelidae). indicator taxon for biodiversity and conservation studies. Conservation Biology 6:376-391.
52. Pimm, S. L. 1991. The balance of nature University of Chicago Press, Chicago
53. Powell, G. V. N , and R Bork 1995 Implications of intratropical migration on reserve design: a case study using Pharomachrus mocinno. Conservation Biology 9:354-362
54. Prendergast, J. R., R. M. Quinn, J. H. Lawton, B. C Eversham, and D. W. Gibbons. 1993. Rare species, the coincidence of diversity hotspots, and conservation strategies. Nature 365:335-337
55. Pressey, R. L., and V. S. Logan. 1995. Reserve coverage requirements in relation to partitioning and generalization of land classes: analyses for western New South Wales. Conservation Biology 9:1506-1517.
56. Rebelo, A. G., and W. R. Siegfried. 1992. Where should nature reserves be located in the Cape Floristic region, South Africa? Models for the spatial configuration of a reserve network aimed at maximizing the protection of floral diversity. Conservation Biology 6:243-252.
57. Ridgeley, R. S., and G. Tudor. 1989. The birds of South America. Volume 1. University of Texas, Austin.
58. de Schauensee, R. M., and W. H. Phelps. 1978. A guide to birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
59. Scheiner, S M. 1992. Measuring pattern diversity. Ecology 73:1860-1867.
60. Scheiner. S. M. 1993. Introduction: theories, hypotheses and statistics. Pages 1-13 in S. M. Schemer and J Gurevitch, editors. Design and analyses of ecological experiments. Chapman & Hall, New York
61. Scott, J. M., et al. 1993. Gap analysis: a geographic approach to protection of biological diversity. Wildlife Monographs 123
62. Sibley, C. G., and B. L. Monroe. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of the birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven. Connecticut.
63. Sisk, J. D., A. E. Launer, K. R. Switky, and P. R. Ehrlich. 1994. Identifying extinction threats. BioScience 44:592-604.
64. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rolf. 1981 Biometry. 2nd edition. W. H. Freeman. New York.
65. Soulé, M. E., B. A. Wilcox, and C. Holtby. 1979 Benign neglect: A model of faunal collapse in the game reserves of East Africa. Biological Conservation 15:259-272.
66. Stiles, F G. 1988. Altitudinal movements of birds on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Pages 243-258 in F. Almeda and C. M. Pringle, editors. Tropical rainforests: diversity and conservation. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
67. Strong. D. R 1980. Null hypotheses in ecology. Synthèse 43:271-285.
68. Strong, D R., L. A. Szyska, and D. Simberloff. 1979. Tests of community-wide character displacement against null hypotheses. Evolution 33:897-913
69. The Nature Conservancy. 1990. Parks in peril. A conservation partnership for the Americas. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia
70. Tillman, D., and J. A. Downing. 1994. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands Nature 367:363-375.
71. Udvardy, M. D. F. 1975. A classification of the biogeographic provinces of the World. IUCN occasional paper no. 18. World Conservation Union (IUCN). Morges, Switzerland.
72. Vaune. C. 1980. Taxonomy and geographical distribution of the Furnariidae (Aves, Passeriformes). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 166.
73. Vane-Wright, R. I., C. J Humphries, and P. H. Williams. 1991. What to protect? Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation 55:235-254.
74. Vuilleumier, F. 1988 Avian diversity in tropical ecosystems of South America and the design of national parks. Biota Bulletin 1:5-32.
75. Wege, D. C , and A. J Long. 1995. Key areas for threatened birds in the neotropics. Birdlife conservation series no. 5. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. D.C.
76. Wilson, J. B., and H. Gitay. 1995. Community structure and assembly rules in a dune slack: variance in richness, guild proportionality, biomass constancy, and dominance-diversity relations. Vegetatio 116:93-106.