Disequilibrium induced by fast decompression in St-Bt-Grt-Ky-Sil-And metapelites from the Betic belt (Southern Spain)

Journal of Petrology

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 1207-1239

  García Casco, Antonio ^a   Torres Roldán, Rafael Luis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Decompression; Disequilibrium; Extensional collapse; Medium grade metapelites; Reaction overstepping

Indexed keywords

DECOMPRESSION; DISEQUILIBRIUM; EXTENSIONAL COLLAPSE; METAMORPHISM; TEXTURE;

SPAIN, BETIC CORDILLERA, ALPUJARRIDES;

EID: 0030436825     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/37.5.1207     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. Abbot, R. N. & Raymond, L. A., 1984. The Ashe Metamorphic Suite, northwest North Carolina: metamorphism and observations on geologic history. American Journal of Science 284, 350-375.
2. Albarède, F., 1976. Thermal models of post-tectonic decompression as exemplified by the Haut-Allier granulites (Massif Central, France). Bulletin de la Societé Géologique de France 7, 1023-1032.
3. Albee, A. L., 1965a. A petrogenetic grid for the Fe-Mg silicates of pelitic schists. American Journal of Science 263, 512-536.
4. Albee, A. L., 1965b. Phase equilibria in three assemblages of kyanite-zone pelitic schists, Lincoln Mountain Quadrangle, central Vermont. Journal of Petrology 6, 246-301.
5. Aldaya, F., García-Dueñas, V. & Navarro-Vilá, F., 1979. Los mantos alpujárrides en el tercio central de las Cordilleras Béticas. Ensayo de correlación tectónica de los Alpujárrides. Acta Geológica Hispánica 14, 154-166.
6. Aldaya, F., Alvarez, F., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Gonzalez-Lodeiro, F., Jabaloy, A. & Navarro-Vilá, F., 1991. The Maláguide-Alpujárride contact (Betic Cordilleras, Spain): a brittle extensional detachment. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 313, 1447-1453.
7. Ashworth, J. R., 1975. Staurolite at anomalously high grade. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 53, 281-291.
8. Ashworth, J. R., 1985. Introduction. In: Ashworth, J. R. (ed.) Migmatites. Glasgow: Blackie, pp. 1-35.
9. Azañón, J. M., García-Dueñas, V., Martínez-Martínez, J. M. & Crespo-Blanc, A., 1994. Alpujarride tectonic sheets in the central Betics and similar eastern allochthonous units (SE Spain). Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 318, 667-674.
10. Balanyá, J. C., Campos, J., García-Dueñas, V., Orozco, M. & Simancas, J. F., 1987. Generaciones de cabalgamientos y pliegues recumbentes en los Mantos Alpujárrides entre Ronda y Almeria. Cordilleras Béticas. Geogaceta 2, 51-53.
11. 2. Journal of Petrology 29, 445-452.
12. Berman, R. G., 1990. Mixing properties of Ca-Mg-Fe-Mn garnets. American Mineralogist 75, 328-344.
13. 2O. American Mineralogist 68, 1049-1058.
14. Boulin, J., Bourgois, J., Chauve, P., Delga, M. D., Magne, J., Mathis, V., Peyre, Y., Rivière, M. & Vera, J. A., 1973. Age miocène inférieur de la formation de la Viñuela, discordante sur les nappes internes bétiques (Province de Malaga, Espagne). Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 276, 1245-1248.
15. Carmichael, D. M., 1970. Intersecting isograds in the Whetstone Lake area, Ontario. Journal of Petrology 11, 147-181.
16. Chatterjee, N. D. & Flux, S., 1986. Thermodynamic mixing properties of muscovite-paragonite crystalline solutions at high temperatures and pressures, and their geological applications. Journal of Petrology 27, 677-693.
17. Crowley, P. D., 1990. Metamorphism within the Çokkul synform: evidence for detachment faulting within the metamorphic infrastructure of the Norwegian Caledonides (67°30′N). Journal of Metamorphic Geology 8, 615-628.
18. Cuevas, J., Navarro-Vilá, F. & Tubía, J. M., 1989. Interprétation des cisaillements ductiles vers le NE dans les gneiss de Torrox (Complexe Alpujarride, Cordillères Bétiques). Geodinamica Acta 3, 107-116.
19. Delgado, F., Estevez, A., Martín, J. M. & Martin-Algarra, A., 1981. Observaciones sobre la estratigrafía de la formación carbonatada de los mantos alpujárrides (Cordillera Bética). Estudios Geológicos 37, 45-57.
20. Delor, C. P., Burg, J. P. & Leyreloup, A. F., 1984. Staurolite producing reactions and geothermobarometry of a high pressure thermal aureole in the French Massif Central. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 2, 55-72.
21. Docherty, C. & Banda, E., 1995. Evidence for the eastward migration of the Alboran Sea based on regional subsidence analysis: a case for basin formation by delamination of the subcrustal lithosphere? Tectonics 14, 804-818.
22. Elkins, L. T. & Grove, T. L., 1990. Ternary feldspar experiments and thermodynamic models. American Mineralogist 75, 544-559.
23. Elorza, J. J. & Garcia-Dueflas, V., 1981. Hojay memoria explicativa de la Hoja no 1054 (Vélez-Málag) del Mapa Geológico de España, escala 1:50000 (serie Magna). Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España.
24. Enami, M. & Zang, O_., 1988. Magnesian staurolite in garnet-corundum rocks and eclogite from the Donghai district, Jiangsu province, east China. American Mineralogist 73, 48-86.
25. England, P. C., 1987. Diffuse continental deformation: length scales, rates and metamorphic evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A 321, 3-22.
26. Ferry, J. M. & Spear, F. S., 1978. Experimental calibration of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 66, 113-117.
27. Fisher, G. W., 1989. Matrix analysis of metamorphic mineral assemblages and reactions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 102, 69-77.
28. Fletcher, C. J. N. & Greenwood, H. J., 1979. Metamorphism and structure of Penfold Creek Area, near Quesnel Lake, British Colombia. Journal of Petrology 20, 743-794.
29. Florence, F. T. & Spear, F. S., 1991. Effects of diffusional modification of garnet growth zoning on P-T path calculations. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 107, 487-500.
30. Fuhrman, M. L. & Lindsley, D. H., 1988. Ternary-feldspar modeling and thermometry. American Mineralogist 73, 201-215.
31. Galindo-Zaldívar, J., González-Lodeiro, F. & Jabaloy, A., 1989. Progressive extensional shear structures in a detachment contact in the western Sierra Nevada (Betic Cordilleras, Spain). Geodinamica Acta 3, 73-85.
32. Ganguly, J. & Saxena, S. K., 1984. Mixing properties of aluminosilicate garnets: constraints from natural and experimental data, and applications to geothermo-barometry. American Mineralogist 69, 88-97.
33. Ganguly, J. & Saxena, S. K., 1987. Mixtures and Mineral Reactions. New York: Springer-Verlag, 289 pp.
34. García-Casco, A., Sánchez-Navas, A. & Torres-Roldán, R. L., 1993. Disequilibrium decomposition and breakdown of muscovite in high P-T gneisses, Betic alpine belt (southern Spain). American Mineralogist 78, 158-177.
35. García-Dueñas, V. & Balanyá, J. C., 1991. Fallas normales de bajo ángulo a gran escala en las Béticas occidentales. Geogaceta 9, 33-37.
36. García-Dueñas, V. & Martínez-Martínez, J. M., 1988. Sobre el adelgazamiento mioceno del Dominio Cortical de Alborán, el Despegue Extensional de Filabres (Béticas orientales). Geogaceta 5, 53-55.
37. Ghent, E. D., 1975. Temperature, pressure, and mixed-volatile equilibria attending metamorphism of staurolite-kyanite-bearing assemblages, Esplanade Range, British Columbia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 86, 1654-1660.
38. Giaramita, M. J. & Day, H. W., 1991a. The four-phase AFM assemblage staurolite-aluminium silicate-biotite-garnet: extra components and implications for staurolite-out isograds. Journal of Petrology 32, 1203-1229.
39. Giaramita, M. J. & Day, H. W., 1991b. Buffering in the assemblage staurolite-aluminium silicate-biotite-garnet-chlorite. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, 363-378.
40. Gil-Ibarguchi, J. I., Mendia, M. & Girardeau, J., 1991. Mg- and Cr-rich staurolite and Cr-rich kyanite in high-pressure ultrabasic rocks (Cabo Ortegal, northwestern Spain). American Mineralogist 76, 501-511.
41. González-Donoso, J. M., Linares, D., Molina, E., Serrano, F. & Vera, J. A., 1982. Sobre la edad de la Formación de la Viñuela (Cordilleras Béticas, Provincia de Malaga). Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 80, 255-275.
42. Grambling, J. A., 1981. Kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, and related mineral assemblages in the Truchas Peaks region, New Mexico. American Mineralogist 66, 702-722.
43. 3+ Mn on aluminum silicate phase relations in North-Central New Mexico, U.S.A. Journal of Petrology 26, 324-354.
44. Guidotti, C. V., 1968. Prograde muscovite pseudomorphs after staurolite in the Rangeley-Oquossoc areas, Maine. American Mineralogist 53, 1368-1376.
45. Guidotti, C. V., 1970. The mineralogy and petrology of the transition from the lower to upper sillimanite zone in the Oquossoc Area, Maine. Journal of Petrology 11, 277-336.
46. Guidotti, C. V., 1973. Compositional variation of muscovite as a function of metamorphic grade and assemblages in metapelites from N.W. Maine. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 42, 33-42.
47. Guidotti, C. V., 1974. Transition from staurolite to sillimanite zone, Rangeley Quadrangle, Maine. Geological Society of America Bulletin 85, 475-490.
48. Guidotti, C. V., 1978. Compositional variation of muscovite in medium- to high-grade metapelites of Northwestern Maine. American Mineralogist 63, 878-884.
49. Guidotti, C. V., 1984. Micas in metamorphic rocks. In: Bailey, S. W. (ed.) Micas. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy 13, 357-468.
50. Guidotti, C. V. & Dyar, M. D., 1991. Ferric iron in metamorphic biotite and its petrologic and crystallochemical implications. American Mineralogist 76, 161-175.
51. Guidotti, C. V., Cheney, J. T. & Guggenheim, S., 1977. Distribution of titanium between coexisting muscovite and biotite in politic schists from northwestern Maine. American Mineralogist 62, 438-448.
52. 2O, with particular reference to contact-metamorphosed pelites. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 12, 99-119.
53. Haissen, F., 1995. Granulites manques des unités du groupe 'Casares-Los Reales' des deux côtes du Détroit de Gibraltar (Rif Interne et Zone Betique Occidentale). 3ème Cycle Thesis, University of Tetouan, 294 pp.
54. Harte, B. & Hudson, N. F. C., 1979. Pelite facies series and the temperature and pressures of Dalradian metamorphism in E Scotland. In: Harris, A. L., Holland, C. H. & Leake, B. E. (eds) The Caledonides of the British Isles: Reviewed. Geological Society of London Special Publication 8, 323-336.
55. Hewitt, D. A. & Wones, D. R., 1975. Physical properties of some synthetic Fe-Mg-Al trioctahedral biotites. American Mineralogist 60, 854-862.
56. Hodges, K. V. & Crowley, P. D., 1985. Error estimation and empirical geothermobarometry for pelitic systems. American Mineralogist 70, 702-709.
57. 5 triple point at Mt. Moosilauke, New Hampshire. American Mineralogist 67, 1118-1134.
58. Hoisch, T. D., 1990. Empirical calibration of six geobarometers for the mineral assemblage quartz + muscovite + biotite + plagioclase + garnet. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104, 225-234.
59. Holdaway, M. J., Dutrow, B. L., Borthwick, J., Shore, P., Harmon, R. S. & Hinton, R. W., 1986a. H content of staurolite as determined by H extraction line and ion microprobe. American Mineralogist 71, 1135-1141.
60. Holdaway, M. J., Dutrow, B. L. & Shore, P., 1986b. A model for the crystal chemistry of staurolite. American Mineralogist 71, 1142-1159.
61. Holdaway, M. J., Dutrow, B. L. & Hinton, R. W., 1988. Devonian and Carboniferous metamorphism in west-central Maine: the muscovite-almandine geobarometer and the staurolite problem revisited. American Mineralogist 73, 20-47.
62. Holdaway, M. J., Mukhopadhyay, B., Dyar, M. D., Dutrow, B. L., Rumble, D. III & Grambling, J. A., 1991. A new perspective on staurolite crystal chemistry: use of stoichiometric and chemical end-members for a mole fraction model. American Mineralogist 76, 1910-1919.
63. 48. American Mineralogist 80, 520-533.
64. 2. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 8, 89-124.
65. Hollister, L. S., 1969. Contact metamorphism in the Kwoiek area of British Columbia: an end member of the metamorphic process. Geological Society of America Bulletin 80, 2465-2494.
66. Indares, A. & Martignole, J., 1985. Biotite-garnet geothermometry in granulite facies: the influence of Ti and Al in biotite. American Mineralogist 70, 272-278.
67. Jabaloy, A., Galindo-Zaldívar, J. & González-Lodeiro, F., 1993. The Alpujarride-Nevado-Filábride extensional shear zone, Betic Cordillera, SE Spain. Journal of Structural Geology 15, 555-569.
68. Jamieson, R. A., 1988. Textures, sequence of events, and assemblages in metamorphic rocks. In: Nisbet, E. G. & Fowler, C. M. R. (eds) Short Course on Heat, Metamorphism and Tectonics. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook 14, 189-212.
69. 5-bearing segregations in the Lepontine Alps, Switzerland: aluminum mobility in metapelites. Geology 16, 636-640.
70. Klaper, E. M. & Bucher-Nurminen, K., 1987. Alpine metamorphism of pelitic schists in the Nufenen Pass area, Lepontine Alps. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 5, 175-194.
71. Korzhinskii, D. S., 1959. Physicochemical Basis of the Analysis of the Paragenesis of Minerals. New York: Consultants Bureau, Inc., 142 pp.
72. 3-quartz geobarometer. American Mineral-ogist 73, 216-223.
73. Labotka, T. G., 1980. Petrology of a medium-pressure regional metamorphic terrane, Funeral Mountains, California. American Mineralogist 65, 670-689.
74. Lang, H. M. & Dunn, G. R., 1990. Sequential porphyroblast growth during deformation in a low-pressure metamorphic terrain, Orrs Island-Harpswell Neck, Maine. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 8, 199-216.
75. Lang, H. M. & Rice, J. M., 1985a. Regression modelling of metamorphic reactions in metapelites, Snow Peak, Northern Idaho. Journal of Petrology 26, 857-887.
76. Lang, H. M. & Rice, J. M., 19856. Geothermometry, geobarometry and T-X(Fe-Mg) relations in metapelites, Snow Peak, Northern Idaho. Journal of Petrology 26, 889-924.
77. Loomis, T. P., 1972. Contact metamorphism of pelitic rock by the Ronda Ultramafic Intrusion, Southern Spain. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83, 2449-2474.
78. Loomis, T. P., 1976. Irreversible reactions in high-grade metapelitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 17, 559-588.
79. Loomis, T. P., 1979. A natural example of metastable reactions involving garnet and sillimanite. Journal of Petrology 20, 271-292.
80. Lundeen, M. T., 1978. Emplacement of the Ronda peridotite, Sierra Bermeja, Spain. Geological Society of America Bulletin 89, 172-180.
81. Massonne, H. J. & Schreyer, W., 1987. Phengite geobarometry based on the limiting assemblage with K-feldspar, phlogopite, and quartz. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 96, 212-224.
82. 39Ar geochronology of Alpine tectonism in the Betic Cordilleras (southern Spain). Journal of the Geological Society of London 148, 288-297.
83. 39Ar thermochronological constraints on a collapsed terrane. Tectonophysics 238, 353-379.
84. Nicollet, C., 1986. Saphirine et staurolite riche en magnésium et chrome dans les amphibolites et anorthosites à corindon du Vohibory Sud, Madagascar. Bulletin de Minéralogie 109, 599-612.
85. Ohmoto, H. & Kerrick, D., 1977. Devolatilization equilibria in graphitic systems. American Journal of Science 277, 1013-1044.
86. Perchuk, L. L. & Larent'eva, I. V., 1983. Experimental investigation of exchange equilibria in the system cordierite-garnet-biotite. In: Saxena, S. K. (ed.) Kinetics and Equilibrium in Mineral Reactions. Advances in Physical Geochemistry, 3. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 199-239.
87. Pigage, L. C., 1982. Linear regression analysis of sillimanite-forming reactions at Azure Lake, British Columbia. Canadian Mineralogist 20, 349-378.
88. Platt, J. P. & Vissers, R. L. M., 1989. Extensional collapse of thickened continental lithosphere: a working hypothesis for the Alboran Sea and Gibraltar Arc. Geology 17, 540-543.
89. Powell, R. & Holland, T. J. B., 1988. An internally consistent data set with uncertainties and correlations: 3. Applications to geobarometry, worked examples and a computer program. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 6, 173-204.
90. 2O). American Mineralogist 75, 367-380.
91. Rice, J. M., 1985. Experimental partitioning of Fe and Mg between coexisting staurolite and garnet. EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 66, 1127.
92. 2O. Chemical Geology 17, 195-212.
93. Rubenach, M. J. & Bell, T. H., 1988. Microstructural controls and the role of graphite in matrix/porphyroblast exchange during synkinematic andalusite growth in a granitoid aureole. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 6, 651-666.
94. Rumble, D. III & Finnerty, T. A., 1974. Devonian grossularite-spessartine overgrowths on Ordovician almandine from east Vermont. American Mineralogist 59, 558-562.
95. Sanz de Galdeano, C., 1989. Estructura de las Sierras de Tejeda y de Cómpeta (Conjunto Alpujárride, Cordilleras Béticas). Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España 2, 77-84.
96. Saxena, S. K., 1973. Thermodynamics of Rock-Forming Crystalline Solutions. New York: Springer-Verlag, 188 pp.
97. Saxena, S. K. & Ribbe, P. H., 1972. Activity-composition relations in feldspars. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 37, 131-138.
98. Schreyer, W., Horrocks, P. C. & Abraham, K., 1984. High-magnesium staurolite in a sapphirine-garnet rock from the Limpopo belt, Southern Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 86, 200-207.
99. Selverstone, J., 1988. Evidence for east-west crustal extension in the Eastern Alps. Implications for the unroofing history of the Tauern Window. Tectonics 7, 87-105.
100. Spear, F. S., 1986. PTPath: a FORTRAN program to calculate pressure-temperature paths from zoned metamorphic garnets. Computers and Geosciences 12, 247-266.
101. Spear, F. S., 1988. The Gibbs method and Duhem's theorem: the quantitative relationships among P, T, chemical potential, phase composition and reaction progress in igneous and metamorphic systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 99, 249-256.
102. Spear, F. S., 1991. On the interpretation of peak metamorphic temperatures in light of garnet diffusion during cooling. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, 379-388.
103. 2O. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 101, 149-164.
104. Spear, F. S. & Menard, T., 1989. Program GIBBS: a generalized Gibbs method algorithm. American Mineralogist 74, 942-943.
105. Spear, F. S. & Rumble, D., 1986. Pressure, temperature, and structural evolution of the Orfordville Belt, West-Central New Hampshire. Journal of Petrology 27, 1071-1093.
106. Spear, F. S., Ferry, J. M. & Rumble, D. III, 1982. Analytical formulation of phase equilibria: the Gibbs' method Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy 10, 105-152.
107. Spear, F. S., Kohn, M. J., Florence, F. P. & Menard, T., 1990. A model for garnet and plagioclase growth in pelitic schists: implications for thermobarometry and P-T path determinations. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 8, 683-696.
108. Spear, F. S., Kohn, M. J. & Paetzold, S., 1995. Petrology of the regional sillimanite zone, west-central New Hampshire, U.S.A. with implications for the development of inverted isograds. American Mineralogist 80, 361-376.
109. St-Onge, M. R., 1987. Zoned poikiloblastic garnets: P-T paths and syn-metamorphic uplift through 30 km of structural depth, Wopmay Orogen, Canada. Journal of Petrology 28, 1-21.
110. St-Onge, M. R. & Lucas, S. B., 1991. Evolution of regional metamorphism in the Cape Smith Thrust Belt (northern Quebec, Canada): interaction of tectonic and thermal processes. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, 515-534.
111. Stowell, H. H., 1989. Silicate and sulphide thermobarometry of low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks from Holkham Bay, south-east Alaska. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 7, 343-358.
112. Thompson, A. B., 1976a. Mineral reactions in pelitic rocks: I. Prediction of P-T-X(Fe-Mg) phase relations. American Journal of Science 276, 401-424.
113. Thompson, A. B., 1976b. Mineral reactions in pelitic rocks: II. Calculation of some P-T-X(Fe-Mg) phase relations. American Journal of Science 276, 425-454.
114. Thompson, A. B. & England, P. C., 1984. Pressure-temperature-time paths of regional metamorphism II. Their inference and interpretation using mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks. Journal of Petrology 25, 929-955.
115. Thompson, A. B. & Ridley, J. R., 1987. Pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) histories of orogenic belts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A 321, 27-45.
116. Thompson, J. B., Jr, 1957. The graphical analysis of mineral assemblages in pelitic schists. American Mineralogist 42, 842-858.
117. Torres-Roldán, R. L., 1974. El metamorfísmo progresivo y la evolución de la serie de facies en las metapelitas alpujárrides al S.E. de Sierra Almijara (Sector central de las Cordilleras Béticas, S. de España). Cuadernos de Geología 5, 21-77.
118. Torres-Roldán, R. L., 1979. The tectonic subdivision of the Betic zone (Betic Cordilleras, Southern Spain): its significance and one possible geotectonic scenario for the westernmost Alpine belt. American Journal of Science 279, 19-51.
119. Torres-Roldán, R. L., 1981. Plurifacial metamorphic evolution of the Sierra Bermeja peridotite aureole (Southern Spain). Estudios Geologicos 37, 115-133.
120. Tracy, R. J., 1978. High grade metamorphic reactions and partial melting in pelitic schists, West-Central Massachusetts. American Journal of Science 278, 150-178.
121. Treolar, P. J., Broughton, R. D., Williams, M. P., Coward, B. F. & Windley, B. F., 1989. Deformation, metamorphism and imbrication of the Indian plate, south of the Main Mantle Thrust, north Pakistan. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 7, 111-125.
122. Triboulet, C. & Audren, C., 1985. Continuous reactions between biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite-sillimanitc-andalusite and P-T-time-deformation path in micaschists from the estuary of the river Vilaine, South Brittany, France. Journal of Melamorphic Geology 3, 91-105.
123. Tubía, J. M. & Cuevas, J., 1986. High temperature emplacement of the Los Reales peridotite nappe (Betic Cordillera, Spain). Journal of Structural Geology 8, 473-482.
124. Tubia, J. M. & Gil-Ibarguchi, J. I., 1991. Eclogites of the Ojén nappe: a record of subduction in the Alpujarride Complex (Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain). Journal of the Geological Society of London 148, 801-804.
125. Van der Wal, D. & Vissers, R. L. M., 1993. Uplift and emplacement of upper mantle rocks in the western Mediterranean. Geology 21, 1119-1122.
126. Vernon, R. H. & Flood, R. H., 1977. Interpretation of meta-morphic assemblages containing fibrolitic sillimanite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 59, 227-235.
127. Vissers, R. L. M., Platt, J. P. & van der Wal, D., 1995. Late orogenic extension of the Betic Cordillera and the Alboran Domain: a lithospheric view. Tectonics 14, 786-803.
128. Wenk, H. R., 1980. Defects along kyanite-staurolite interfaces. American Mineralogist 65, 766-769.
129. Westerhof, A. B., 1975. Genesis of a magnetite ore near Marbella, Southern Spain: formation by oxidation of silicates in polymetamorphic gedrite-bearing and other rocks. G.U.A. (Gemeenteiijke Universiteit Amsterdam) Papers of Geology 6, 216 pp.
130. Westerhof, A. B., 1977. On the contact relations of high-temperature peridotites in the Serranía de Ronda, southern Spain. Tectonophysics 39, 579-591.
131. Yardley, B. W. D., 1976. Deformation and metamorphism of Dalradian rocks and the evolution of the Connemara cordillera. Journal of the Geological Society of London 132, 521-542.
132. Yardley, B. W. D., Leake, B. E. & Farrow, C. M., 1980. The metamorphism of Fe-rich petites from Connemara, Ireland. Journal of Petrology 21, 365-399.
133. Zeck, H. P., Hansen, B. T., Torres-Roldán, R. L., Garcia-Casco, A. & Martín-Algarra, A., 1989. A 21 ± 2 Ma age for the termination of the ductile alpine deformation in the internal zone of the Betic Cordilleras, South Spain. Tectonophysics 169, 215-220.
134. Zeck, H. P., Monié, P., Villa, I. & Hansen, B. T., 1992. Very high rates of cooling and uplift in the Alpine belt of the Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain. Geology 20, 79-82.
135. Zen, E-an, 1966. Construction of pressure-temperature diagrams for multicomponent systems after the method of Schreinemakers - a geometrical approach. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1225, 56 pp.
136. Zwart, H. J., 1962. On the determination of polymetamorphic mineral associations, and its implication to the Bosost area (Central Pyrenees). Geologische Rundschau 52, 38-65.