Nitrogen critical loads for spruce plantations in Wales: Is there too much nitrogen?

Forestry

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 206-214

  Emmett, B A ^a   Reynolds, B ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PICEA; PICEA SITCHENSIS;

ACID SOIL; CRITICAL LOAD; EUTROPHICATION; MASS BALANCE; NITROGEN; SPRUCE PLANTATION;

UK, WALES;

EID: 0030436682     PISSN: 0015752X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/forestry/69.3.205     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Avery, B.W. 1980 Soil classification for England and Wales. Soil Survey Technical Monograph No. 14. Harpenden.
2. Bull, K.J. 1991 The critical loads/levels approach to gaseous pollutant emission control. Environ. Pollut. 69, 105-123.
3. Carey, M.L. and O'Brien, D. 1979 Biomass, nutrient content and distribution in a stand of Sitka spruce. Ir. For. 36, 25-35.
4. Carey, M.L. 1980 Whole tree harvesting in Sitka spruce. Possibilities and implications. Ir. For. 37, 48-63.
5. DeVries, W., Reinds, G.J., Posch, M. and Kamara, J. 1994 Simulation of soil response to acidic deposition scenarios in Europe. Water Air Soil Pollut. 78, 215-246.
6. Dise, N.B. and Wright, R.F. 1995 Nitrogen leaching from European forests in relation to nitrogen deposition. For. Ecol. Manage. 71, 153-161.
7. DOE 1993 Air Pollution and Tree Health in the United Kingdom. Department of the Environment, HMSO, London.
8. DOE 1994 Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition in Terrestrial Systems. Report of The United Kingdom Review Group on Impacts of Atmospheric Nitrogen, Department of the Environment, London.
9. Dore, A.J., Choularton, T.W. and Fowler, D. 1992 An improved wet deposition map of the United Kingdom incorporating the seeder-feeder effect over mountainous terrain. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 1375-1381.
10. Downing, R.J., Hettelingh, J-P. and de Smet, P.A.M. 1993 Calculation and Mapping of Critical Loads in Europe: Status Report 1993. RIVM Report No. 259101003, CCE, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
11. Dutch, J. and Ineson, P. 1990 Denitrification in an upland forest site. Forestry 63, 363-377.
12. Emmett, B.A., Reynolds, B., Stevens, P.A., Norris, D.A., Hughes, S., Gorres, J. and Lubrecht I. 1993 Nitrate leaching from afforested Welsh catchments - interactions between stand age and nitrogen deposition. Ambio 22, 386-394.
13. 3) at Aber forest, Wales: I. Response of throughfall and soil water chemistry. For. Ecol. Manage. 71, 45-59.
14. 3) at Aber Forest, Wales: II Response of trees and soil nitrogen transformations. For. Ecol. Manage. 71, 61-73.
15. Emmett, B.A., Liversage, C., Silgram, M., Kennedy, V., Sleep, D., Brittain, S.A., Hughes, S., Norris, D.A., and Reynolds, B. 1995c Annual Report for the Aber Nitrogen Manipulation Experiment 1994/94. Report to National Power/Powergen, Contract LC/5/0004.
16. Emmett, B.A., Stevens, P.A. and Reynolds, B. (in press) Factors influencing nitrogen saturation in Sitka spruce stands in Wales UK. Water Air Soil Pollut.
17. Fowler, D., Cape, J.N. and Unsworth, M.H. 1989 Deposition of atmospheric pollutants on forests. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (Lond.) B324: 247-265.
18. Fuller, R.M., Groom, G.B. and Jones, A.R. 1992 Satellite mapping of Great Britain. Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology 1991-92, NERC, Swindon, 15-19.
19. Grennfelt, P. and Thornelof, E. 1991 Critical Loads for Nitrogen - a report from a workshop held at Lokeberg, Sweden, 6-10 April 1992, Nord 1992: 41, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
20. Hettelingh, J., Posch, M., de Vries, W., Bull, K. and Sverdrup, H.U. 1992 Guidelines for the computation of nitrogen critical loads and exceedances in Europe. In: Critical Loads for Nitrogen - a report from a workshop held at Lökeberg, Sweden, 6-10 April 1992. Nord 1992:41, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 287-301.
21. Hornung, M., Sutton, M.A. and Wilson, R.B. 1995 Mapping and modelling of critical loads for nitrogen workshop report. Report of a workshop held at Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, UK, 24-26 October 1994. ITE, Penicuik, UK.
22. Hughes, S., Norris, D.A., Stevens, P.A., Reynolds, B., Williams, T.G. and Woods, C. 1994 Effects of forest age on surface drainage water and soil solution aluminium chemistry in stagnopodzols in Wales. Water Air Soil Pollut. 77, 115-139.
23. Ineson, P. and Sverdrup, H. 1992 Compuscript on nitrogen denitrification. In Critical Loads for Nitrogen - a report from a workshop held at Lökeberg, Sweden 6-10 April 1992. Grennfelt P. and Thörnelof E. (eds)., p. 47. Nora 1992:41, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
24. Johnson, D.W. 1992 Nitrogen retention in forest soils. J. Environ. Qual. 21, 1-12.
25. Miller, H. 1990 British forestry in 1990. In Forestry Expansion: A Study of Technical, Economic and Ecological Factors. I. Cunningham (ed.). Forestry Commission, Edinburgh.
26. Miller, J.D., Cooper, J.M. and Miller, H.G. 1993 A comparison of above-ground component weights and element amounts in four species at Kirkton Glen. J. Hydrol. 145, 419-438.
27. Nilsson, J. and Grennfelt, P. (eds) 1988 Critical Loads for Sulphur and Nitrogen. UNECE/Nordic Council Workshop Report, Skokloster, Sweden, March 1988. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
28. Reynolds, B. and Emmett, B.A. 1994 Critical Loads Assessments for the Aber Site. Report to National Power, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor.
29. Stevens, P.A. and Reynolds, B. 1993 A Review of Water Quality Implications of Conifer Harvesting in the UK. 1. Literature review and recommendations for research. National Rivers Authority, R&D Note No. 156, Bristol, UK.
30. Stevens, P.A., Norris, D.A., Sparks, T.H. and Hodgson, A.L. 1994 The impacts of atmospheric N inputs on throughfall, soil and stream water interactions of different aged forest and moorland catchments in Wales. Water Air Soil Pollut. 73, 297-317.
31. Sverdrup, H. and Warfvinge, P. 1993 Calculating field weathering rates using a mechanistic geochemical model PROFILE. Appl. Geochem. 8, 273-283.
32. Sverdrup, H. and DeVries, W. 1994 Calculating critical loads for acidity with the simple mass balance equation. Water Air Soil Pollut. 72, 143-162.