The impact of leadership instability on democratic process in Nigeria

Journal of Asian and African Studies

Volumn 31, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 66-81

  Odunsi, Bennett Ade ^a  

^a JACKSON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATISATION; LEADERSHIP; POLITICAL INSTABILITY;

NIGERIA;

EID: 0030436636     PISSN: 00219096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002190969603100106     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. George B.N. Ayittey, Indigenous African Institutions. New York: Transnational Publishers Inc., 1971, p. XIII.
2. See Rakiya Omaar, "Responding to expectation." West Africa, April 13-19, 1992, p. 632.
3. For an elaborate discussion on the magnitude of calamities affecting Africans in their homeland, see Keith Richburg, "Why is Africa Eating Asian's Dust?" The Washington Post National Weekly, July 20-26, 1982, pp. 11-12.
4. Edwin P. Hollander. "What is the Crisis of Leadership"? In: William Rosenbach and Robert T. Taylor, Contemporary Issues in Leadership. Boulder: Westview Press, 1984, pp. 31-41.
5. Ibid.
6. Emmanuel Udogu, "National Integration Attempts in Nigerian Politics 1979-1984." Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, VII (1-2) 1990, pp. 157-175. See also, Victor T. Levine, Political Leadership in Africa, Stanford: The Hoover Institute of War and Peace, 1967, p. 105. See also Aderanti Adepoju, "Military Rule and Population Issues in Nigeria," Africa Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 318, January 1981, p. 38.
7. Emmanuel Udogu, "National Integration Attempts in Nigerian Politics 1979-1984." Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, VII (1-2) 1990, pp. 157-175. See also, Victor T. Levine, Political Leadership in Africa, Stanford: The Hoover Institute of War and Peace, 1967, p. 105. See also Aderanti Adepoju, "Military Rule and Population Issues in Nigeria," Africa Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 318, January 1981, p. 38.
8. Emmanuel Udogu, "National Integration Attempts in Nigerian Politics 1979-1984." Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, VII (1-2) 1990, pp. 157-175. See also, Victor T. Levine, Political Leadership in Africa, Stanford: The Hoover Institute of War and Peace, 1967, p. 105. See also Aderanti Adepoju, "Military Rule and Population Issues in Nigeria," Africa Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 318, January 1981, p. 38.
9. Edwin P. Hollander, op. cit., p. 31. See also Augustus Adebayo, "Policy-making in Nigerian Public Administration 1960-1975," Journal of Administration Overseas, Volume XVIII, No. 1, pp. 4-14.
10. Edwin P. Hollander, op. cit., p. 31. See also Augustus Adebayo, "Policy-making in Nigerian Public Administration 1960-1975," Journal of Administration Overseas, Volume XVIII, No. 1, pp. 4-14.
11. For an interesting discussion, see professor Elaigwu on Nigerian Leaders since 1960 in Tori Mohamonadu, "Nigerian Federalism: Past, Present and Future," West Africa, December 3-9, 1990, pp. 2940-2941. See also E. Ike Udogu "In Search of Political Stability: Towards Nigeria's Third Republic," Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives, Vol. XI, No. 2, June 1992, pp. 4-28.
12. For an interesting discussion, see professor Elaigwu on Nigerian Leaders since 1960 in Tori Mohamonadu, "Nigerian Federalism: Past, Present and Future," West Africa, December 3-9, 1990, pp. 2940-2941. See also E. Ike Udogu "In Search of Political Stability: Towards Nigeria's Third Republic," Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives, Vol. XI, No. 2, June 1992, pp. 4-28.
13. For an elaborate discussion of leadership quality, see G. Ann Uhlir. "Leadership and Gender," Academic, January-February 1989, pp. 22-44.
14. Ibid., p. 32. See also Bernard L. Viscount, The Path to Leadership, New York: G.P. Putmans and Son, 1961, p. 10.
15. Ibid., p. 32. See also Bernard L. Viscount, The Path to Leadership, New York: G.P. Putmans and Son, 1961, p. 10.
16. Uhlir, op. cit.
17. See Okay Ekeocha, "Academic in Chains," African Reporter, April 1989, p. 29.
18. Adebayo, op. cit., p. 11.
19. Okwudiba Nnoli, Ethic Politics in Nigeria. Enugu: Fourth American Publishers, 1978, p. 173.
20. Nnoli, op. cit., p. 153.
21. See Celestine O. Bassey, "Retrospect and Prospects of Political Stability in Nigcria," The African Studies Review, Vol. 32, No. 1, 1989, p. 99.
22. Arthur Nwankwo, The Military option to Democracy, Enugu Nigeria, Fourth Dimension Publishing Co, 1987, p. 86.
23. Nnoli, op. cit., p. 158.
24. Shehu Othman, "Classes, Crisis and Coup: The Demise of Shagari's Regime," African Affairs, Vol. 83, No. 333, October 1984, p. 442.
25. Nwakwo, op. cit., p. 83.
26. Nnoli, op. cit., p. 169.
27. Ibid., op. cit., p. 174.
28. Dennis Austin, "Things Fall Apart?" Orbis, Vol. 25, No. 4, Winter 1982, p. 930.
29. Ayittey, op. cit., p. XXI.
30. Ibid. See also Aderanti Adepoyu, "Military Rule and Population Issues in Nigeria," African Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 318, January 1981, p. 29.
31. Ibid. See also Aderanti Adepoyu, "Military Rule and Population Issues in Nigeria," African Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 318, January 1981, p. 29.
32. Larry Diamond, "Nigeria Search of Democracy," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 62 (4), Spring 1984, pp. 905-927.
33. Chuba Okadigbo, Power and Leadership in Nigeria, Enugu, Fourth Dimension Publishing Co, 1987, p. 33.
34. Ibid., p. 9. See also Dennis Austin, op. cit., p. 930.
35. Ibid., p. 9. See also Dennis Austin, op. cit., p. 930.
36. Ibid., p. 930.
37. Okadigbo, op. cit., p. 37.
38. Ibid., p. 40.
39. Cited in: Levi A. Nwachuku, "Why Gowon Fell," Africa Report, Vol. 20, No. 5 (Sept.-Oct. 1975), p. 10.
40. Dr Tai Solarin, "The Beginning of the End," Unpublished memo distributed among the students at the Mayflower College, Ikenne, October 4, 1974.
41. Nwachuku, op. cit., p. 10.
42. Ibid.
43. Extract from Brigadier Murtala Ramat Mohammed's first broadcast to the Nation on Wednesday, July 30, 1975, and quoted in Africa Report, September-October, 1975, p. 12.
44. Ibid.
45. See Okadigbo, op. cit., p. 51. See also A. Akisanya, "The Count-down to Civil Rule in Nigeria: The Constituent Assembly." Journal of Administration Overseas, Vol. XVII, No. 1, January 1979, pp. 34-45.
46. See Okadigbo, op. cit., p. 51. See also A. Akisanya, "The Count-down to Civil Rule in Nigeria: The Constituent Assembly." Journal of Administration Overseas, Vol. XVII, No. 1, January 1979, pp. 34-45.
47. Ibid.
48. John Kraus, "The Return of Civilian Rule in Nigeria and Ghana," Current History, Vol. 78, No. 455, March 1980, p. 115.
49. Ibid.
50. Richard Deutsh, op. cit., pp. 46-55.
51. John Kraus, op. cit., p. 118.
52. Ibid.
53. Shehu Othman, op. cit., p. 452.
54. Ibid.
55. Quoted in Othman, op. cit., p. 451.
56. Ibid.
57. ibid.
58. Ibid., p. 453.
59. Ibid., p. 441.
60. Quoted in Ibid., p. 441.
61. Reprint of the full-text of the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Interview with President Ibrahim Babangida in 1993, West Africa, February 22-28, 1993, pp. 281-285.
62. Brain Moyo, "Continent in Debt Crisis," West Africa, September 13-19, 1993, p. 1630.
63. See the Economist, November 4, 1995, p. 46.
64. See Christopher Kolade, Recipe for "New Leadership."
65. See Philip Dawson, The French Revolution, New York: Prentice Hall, 1987, p. 121.
66. Chuba Okadigbo, op. cit., p. 33.
67. See Julius O. Ihonvbere, "Democratization in Africa: Challenges and Prospects," Keynote Lecture at the Twelfth Annual Meetings of the Association of Third World Studies, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 6-8, 1994, p. 16.
68. Okadigbo, op. cit., pp. 51-52.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid., p. 57.
71. Ibid., p. 37. See also Peter Agbese, "The Military as an Obstacle to the Democratization Enterprises: Towards an Agenda for Permanent Military Disengagement from Politics in Nigeria." Papers presented at the Twelfth Annual Meetings of the Association of Third World Studies. The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 6-8, 1994, pp. 1-25.
72. Ibid., p. 37. See also Peter Agbese, "The Military as an Obstacle to the Democratization Enterprises: Towards an Agenda for Permanent Military Disengagement from Politics in Nigeria." Papers presented at the Twelfth Annual Meetings of the Association of Third World Studies. The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 6-8, 1994, pp. 1-25.
73. Okadigbo, op. cit., p. 63.
74. Ibid., p. 64.
75. See Tell Magazine, May 8, 1995, p. 34.
76. PM News, Vol. 66, Tuesday, November 22, 1994, pp. 1-2.
77. Ibid.