Particulate emissions in the exhaust plume from commercial jet aircraft under cruise conditions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 101, Issue 14, 1996, Pages 19551-19557

  Hagen, D E ^a   Whitefield, P D ^a   Schlager, H ^b  

^a MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; AIRCRAFT; EMISSION; EXHAUST PLUME; JUNGE AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER;

EID: 0030436352     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/95jd03276     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. 4 and Nucleation, paper presented at the Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere conference, Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT), Commission of the European Union (CEU), German Science Foundation (DFG), Association of National Research Centers in Germany (AGF), Cologne Germany, April, 1994.
2. 2 and other gases in the exhaust plumes of commercial jet airliners at cruise altitude, paper presented at the Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere conference, BMFT, CEU, DFG, AGF, Cologne Germany, April, 1994.
3. Baumgardner, D., and W.A. Cooper, Airborne measurements in jet contrails: Characterization of the microphysical properties of aircraft wakes and exhausts, paper presented at the Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere conference, BMFT, CEU, DFG, AGF, Cologne Germany, April, 1994.
4. Busen, R., R. Baumann, M.E. Reinhardt, H. Fimpel, and M. Quante, Measurements of the physical properties in the wake of commercial aircraft, paper presented at the Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere conference, BMFT, CEU, DFG, AGF, Cologne Germany, April, 1994.
5. Fahey, et al., In situ observations in aircraft exhaust plumes in the lower stratosphere at midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3065, 1995.
6. Fitzgerald, J.W., W.A. Hoppel, and M.A. Vietti, The size and scattering coefficient of urban aerosol particles at Washington D.C. as a function of relative humidity, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1838, 1982.
7. Hagen, D.E., M.B. Trueblood, and D.R. White, Hydration properties of combustion aerosols, Aerosol Sci. and Techn., 10, 63, 1989.
8. Hagen, D.E., A.J. Heymsfield, M.B. Trueblood, and J. Podzimek, Measurements of upper-tropospheric aerosol characteristics: Implications for cirrus clouds, paper presented at the Conference on Cloud Physics, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., San Francisco, California, July 1990.
9. Hagen, D.E., M.B. Trueblood, and J. Podzimek, Combustion aerosol scavenging, Atmos. Environ. 25, Part A, 2581, 1991.
10. Hagen, D.E., M.B. Trueblood, and P.D. Whitefield, A field sampling of jet exhaust aerosols, Part. Sci. Technol., 10, 53, 1992.
11. Hagen, D.E., C.K. Lutrus, M.B. Trueblood, P.D. Whitefield, D.J. Alofs, L.R. Dominguez-Sommer, and J.R.C. Futrell, Use of an alternating gradient cloud chamber to measure the performance of a condensation nucleus counter, paper presented at the 39th Annual Institute of Environmental Sciences Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 1993a.
12. Hagen, D.E., P.D. Whitefield, M.B. Trueblood, and H.V. Lilenfeld, Particulates and aerosols characterized in real time from harsh environments using the UMR mobile aerosol sampling system (MASS), Pap. 93-2344, Amer. Inst. of Aeronaut. and Astronaut., Monterey, California, 1993b.
13. Hagen, D.E., J. Podzimek, and M.B. Trueblood, Upper tropospheric aerosol sampled during project "FIRE IFO II", J. Atmos. Sci., in press, 52, 4196, 1995.
14. Hinds, W.C., Aerosol Technology, 424 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1982.
15. Johansen, K.M., and E.L. Kumm, Determination of aircraft turbine engine particulates, final report, EPA contract 68-02-1236, AiResearch Manufacturing Co., Phoenix, Arizona, 1975.
16. Keady, P.B., F.R. Quant, and G.J. Sem, Differential mobility particle sizer: A new instrument for high resolution aerosol size distribution measurement below 1 micron, TSI Journal of Particle Instrumentation, 9(2), 3, edited by G. Sem, TSI Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, 1983.
17. Klarman, A.F., Evaluation of a sampling train procedure for measuring gas turbine engine particulates, Final Rep. NAPTC-LR-76-8, Naval Air Propul. Test Cent., Trenton, New Jersey, 1976.
18. Nelson, A.W., Collection and assessment of aircraft emissions baseline data - Turbine engines, final report, EPA contract 68-02-0027, Environmental Protection Agency, 1972.
19. Pitchford, M., J.G. Hudson, and J. Hallett, Size and critical supersaturation for condensation of jet engine exhaust particles, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 20,787, 1991.
20. Podzimek, J., M.B. Trueblood, and D.E. Hagen, Condensation nuclei activation or deactivation by deposited insoluble particles, Atmos. Environ. Part A 25, 2587, 1991.
21. Schlager, H., P. Schulte, H. Volkert, R. Busen, and U. Schumann, Observations of enhanced nitrogen oxide abundances within the North Atlantic flight corridor, paper presented at the Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere conference, BMFT, CEU, DFG, AGF, Cologne Germany, April, 1994.
22. Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Aerospace Recommended Practice 1179, 1970.
23. Spicer, C.W., M.W. Holdren, S.E. Miller, D.L. Smith, R.N. Smith, and D.P. Hughes, Aircraft emissions characterization, Rep., ESL-TR-87-63, Air Force Engi. and Serv. Lab., Springfield, Virginia 1987.
24. Whitefield, P.D., M.B. Trueblood, and D.E. Hagen, Size and hydration characteristics of laboratory simulated jet engine combustion aerosols, Part. Sci. Technol. 11, 25, 1993.