Primary productivity and its regulation in the equatorial pacific during and following the 1991-1992 El Nino

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 43, Issue 4-6, 1996, Pages 933-969

  Barber, Richard T ^a   Sanderson, Marta P ^a,b   Lindley, Steven T ^a,c   Chai, Fei ^a,d   Newton, Jan ^e   Trees, Charles C ^f   Foley, David G ^g   Chavez, Francisco P ^h  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^h MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACILLARIOPHYTA;

CARBON CYCLE; CARBON CYCLING; EL NINO; EQUATORIAL UPWELLING; IRON; JGOFS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY;

PACIFIC, (EQUATORIAL);

EID: 0030435422     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0967-0645(96)00035-5     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Arrhenius G. (1952) Sediment cores from the east Pacific. Report of the Swedish Deep Sea Expeditions 1947-1948, 5, 1-228.
2. Arrhenius G. (1963) Pelagic sediments. In: The sea, Vol. 3, M. N. Hill, editor. Interscience, London, pp. 655-727.
3. Banse K. (1992) Grazing, the temporal changes of phytoplankton concentrations, and the microbial loop in the open sea. In: Primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles in the sea, P. G. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, editors. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 409-440.
4. 14C method for measuring marine phytoplankton production. ICES Marine Science Symposium, 197, 132-140.
5. Banse K. (1994) Grazing and zooplankton production as key controls of phytoplankton production in the open ocean. Oceanography, 7, 13-20.
6. Barber R. T. (1977) The JOINT-1 expedition of the Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem Analysis program. Deep-Sea Research, 24, 1-6.
7. Barber R. T. (1992a) Geological and climatic time scales of nutrient variability. In: Primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles in the sea, P. G. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, editors. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 89-106.
8. Barber R. T. (1992b) Introduction to the WEC88 cruise: an investigation into why the equator is not greener. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 609-610.
9. Barber R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1983) Biological consequences of El Niño. Science, 222, 1203-1210.
10. Barber R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1986) Ocean variability in relation to living resources during the 1982-83 El Niño. Nature, 319, 279-285.
11. Barber R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1991) Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 1803-1815.
12. Barber R. T. and J. H. Ryther (1969) Organic chelators: factors affecting primary production in the Cromwell Current upwelling. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 3, 191-199.
13. Barber R. T., J. W. Murray and J. J. McCarthy (1994) Biogeochemical interactions in the equatorial Pacific. Ambio, 23, 62-66.
14. Berger W. H., V. S. Smetacek and G. Wefer (editors) (1989) Productivity of the ocean: present and past. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 471 pp.
15. Bidigare R. R. and M. E. Ondrusek (1996) Spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton pigment distributions in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 43, 809-833.
16. Bidigare R. R., O. Schofield and B. B. Prézelin (1989) Influence of zeaxanthin on quantum yield of photosynthesis of Synechococcus clone WH7803 (DC2). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 56, 177-188.
17. Cane M. A. and S. E. Zebiak (1985) A theory for El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. Science, 228, 1085-1086.
18. Carr M. E., N. S. Oakey, B. Jones and M. R. Lewis (1992) Hydrographic patterns and vertical mixing in the equatorial Pacific along 150°W. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 611-626.
19. Carr M. E., M. R. Lewis, D. Kelley and B. Jones (1995) A physical estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific along 150°W. Limnology and Oceanography, 40, 138-147.
20. Chai F., S. T. Lindley and R. T. Barber (1996) Origin and maintenance of a high nitrate condition in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, 43, 1031-1063.
21. Chavez F. P. (1989) Size distribution of phytoplankton in the central and eastern tropical Pacific. Global Biogeochemistry Cycles, 3, 27-35.
22. Chavez F. P. and R. T. Barber (1987) An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 34, 1229-1243.
23. Chavez F. P., K. R. Buck and R. T. Barber (1990) Phytoplankton taxa in relation to primary production in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 37, 1733-1752.
24. Chavez F. P., K. R. Buck, K. H. Coale, J. H. Martin, G. R. DiTullio, N. A. Welschmeyer, A. C. Jacobson and R. T. Barber (1991) Growth rates, grazing, sinking, and iron limitation of equatorial Pacific phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 1816-1833.
25. Chavez F. P., K. R. Buck, R. R. Bidigare, D. M. Karl, D. Hebel, M. Latasa, L. Campbell and J. Newton (1995) On the chlorophyll a retention properties of glass-fiber GF/F filters. Limnology and Oceanography, 40, 428-433.
26. Chavez F. P., K. R. Buck, S. K. Service, J, Newton and R. T. Barber (1996) Phytoplankton variability in the central and eastern tropical Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, 43, 835-870.
27. 14C incubation method and the mixed layer carbon budget. Deep-Sea Research, 40, 151-169.
28. Coale K. H., S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Gordon, K. S. Johnson and R. T. Barber (1996) Control of community growth and export production by upwelled iron in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 379, 621-624.
29. Cromwell T. (1953) Circulation in a meridional plane in the central equatorial Pacific. Journal of Marine Research, 12, 196-213.
30. Cullen J. J. (1995) Status of the iron hypothesis after the Open-Ocean Enrichment Experiment. Limnology and Oceanography, 40, 1336-1343.
31. Cullen J. J., M. R. Lewis, C. O. Davis and R. T. Barber (1992) Photosynthetic characteristics and estimated growth rates indicate grazing is the proximate control of primary production in the equatorial Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 639-654.
32. Dandonneau Y. and L. Charpy (1985) An empirical approach to the island mass effect in the South Tropical Pacific based on sea surface chlorophyll concentrations. Deep-Sea Research, 32, 707-721.
33. Dandonneau Y. and G. Eldin (1987) Southwestward extent of chlorophyll-enriched waters from the Peruvian and equatorial upwellings between Tahiti and Panama. Marine Ecology, 38, 283-294.
34. DiTullio G. R. and E. A. Laws (1991) Impact of an atmospheric-oceanic disturbance on phytoplankton dynamics in the north Pacific central gyre. Deep-Sea Research, 38, 1305-1329.
35. Doty M. S., M. Oguri and R. Pyle (1956) Aspects of oceanic productivity in the eastern tropical Pacific. In: Proceedings of the Hawaii Academy of Sciences 31st annual meeting, 1955-1956.
36. Dugdale R. C. (1972) Chemical oceanography and primary production in upwelling regions. Geoforum, 11, 47-61.
37. Dugdale R. C. and F. P. Wilkerson (1991) Low specific nitrate uptake rate: A common feature of high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll marine ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 1678-1688.
38. Dugdale R. C., F. P. Wilkerson, R. T. Barber and F. P. Chavez (1992) Estimating new production in the equatorial Pacific ocean at 150°W. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 681-686.
39. Dugdale R. C., F. P. Wilkerson and H. J. Minas (1995) The role of a silicate pump in driving new production. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 697-719.
40. Eppley R. W., F. P. Chavez and R. T. Barber (1992) Standing stocks of particulate carbon and nitrogen in the equatorial Pacific at 150°W. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 655-661.
41. Falkowski P. G., R. Greene and R. Geider (1992) Physiological limitations on phytoplankton productivity in the ocean. Oceanography, 5, 84-91.
42. Feely R. A., R. H. Gammon, B. A. Taft, P. E. Pullen, L. S. Waterman, T. J. Conway and J. F. Gendron (1987) Distribution of chemical tracers in the eastern equatorial Pacific during and after the 1982-83 El Niño-southern oscillation event. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 6545-6555.
43. 2 species distributions along the equator in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992 ENSO event. Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 277-280.
44. 2 distributions in the equatorial Pacific during the 1991-1992 ENSO event. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 365-386.
45. Feldman G. C., J. W. Murray and M. W. Leinen (1992) Use of the coastal zone color scanner for EqPac planning. Oceanography, 5, 143-145.
46. Fiedler P. C., V. Philbrick and F. P. Chavez (1991) Ocean upwelling and productivity in the eastern tropical Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 1834-1850.
47. Fiedler P. C., F. P. Chavez, D. W. Behringer and S. B. Reilly (1992) Physical and biological effects of Los Niños in the eastern tropical Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 39, 199-219.
48. Fitzwater S. E., G. A. Knauer and J. H. Martin (1982) Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurement. Limnology and Oceanography, 27, 544-551.
49. Fitzwater S. E., K. H. Coale, R. M. Gordon, K. S. Johnson and M. E. Ondrusek (1996) Iron deficiency and phytoplankton growth in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, 43, 995-1015.
50. Foley D. G., T. D. Dickey, M. J. McPhaden, R. R. Bidigare, M. R. Lewis, R. T. Barber and C. Garside (1996) Intraseasonal variability in primary production in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean at 0°, 140°W November 1991-April 1993. Geophysical Research Letters.
51. Frost B. W. (1991) The role of grazing in nutrient-rich areas of the open sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 1616-1630.
52. Graham H. W. (1941) Plankton production in relation to character of water in the open Pacific. Journal of Marine Research, 4, 189-197.
53. Halpern D. and H. P. Freitag (1987) Vertical motion in the upper ocean of the equatorial eastern Pacific. Oceanologica Acta, 6 Spec. Iss., 19-26.
54. Harvey H. W. (1963) The chemistry and fertility of sea waters. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 240 pp.
55. Holm-Hansen O., C. Lorenzen, R. Holmes and J. Strickland (1965) Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll. Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 30, 3-15.
56. Hunter C. N., R. M. Gordon, S. E. Fitzwater and K. Johnson (1994) A rosette/winch system for the collection of trace metal clean, large volume discrete seawater samples. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 75, 150.
57. Huntsman S. A. and R. T. Barber (1977) Primary production off northwest Africa: the relationship to wind and nutrient conditions. Deep-Sea Research, 24, 25-34.
58. Iriarte J. L. and G. A. Fryxell (1995) Micro-phytoplankton at the equatorial Pacific (140°W) during the JGOFS EqPac times series studies: March-April and October 1992. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 559-584.
59. 3. Limnology and Oceanography, 21, 756-758.
60. Karl D. M., C. D. Winn, D. V. Hebel and R. Letelier (1990) Hawaii Ocean Time series Program: field and laboratory protocols. University of Hawaii.
61. Karl D. M., R. Letelier, D. Hebel, L. Tupas, J. Dore, J. Christian and C. Winn (1995) Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Niño. Nature, 373, 230-234.
62. Kessler W. S. and M. J. McPhaden (1995) The 1992-93 El Niño in the central Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 295-334.
63. Kessler W. S., M. J. McPhaden and K. M. Weickmann (1995) Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 10, 10,613-10,631.
64. Knauss J. A. (1963) Equatorial current systems. In: The sea, Vol. 2, M. N. Hill, editor. Interscience Publishers, London, pp. 235-252.
65. Kolber Z. S., R. T. Barber, K. H. Coale, S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Greene, K. S. Johnson, S. Lindley and P. G. Falkowski (1994) Iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 371, 145-149.
66. Landry M. R., J. Constantinou and J. Kirshtein (1995) Microzooplankton grazing in the central equatorial Pacific during February and August 1992. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 657-672.
67. Landry M. R., R. T. Barber, R. R. Bidigare, F. Chai, K. H. Coale, H. G. Dam, M. R. Lewis, S. T. Lindley, J. J. McCarthy, M. R. Roman, D. K. Stoecker, P. G. Verity and J. R. White (in press) Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography.
68. Levitus S., M. E. Conkright, J. L. Reid, R. G. Najjar and A. Mantyla (1993) Distribution of nitrate, phosphate and silicate in the world oceans. Progress in Oceanography, 31, 245-273.
69. Lewis M. R., W. G. Harrison, N. S. Oakey, D. L. Hebert and T. Platt (1986) Vertical nitrate fluxes in the oligotrophic ocean. Science, 234, 870-873.
70. Li W. K. W. and S. Y. Maestrini, editors (1993) Measurement of primary production from the molecular to the global scale. ICES Marine Science Symposium, 197, 286 pp.
71. Lindley S. T. (1994) Regulation of the maximum quantum yield of phytoplankton photosynthesis by iron, nitrogen, and light in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC, 136 pp.
72. Lindley S. T., R. R. Bidigare and R. T. Barber (1995) Phytoplankton photosynthesis parameters along 140°W in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 441-463.
73. Lohrenz S. E., D. A. Wiesenburg, C. R. Rein, R. A. Arnone, C. D. Taylor, G. A. Knauer and A. H. Knap (1992) A comparison of in situ and simulated in situ methods for estimating oceanic primary production. Journal of Plankton Research, 14, 201-221.
74. Lorenzen C. J. (1966) A method for continuous measurement of in vivo chlorophyll concentration. Deep-Sea Research, 13, 223-227.
75. MacIsaac J. J. and R. C. Dugdale (1969) The kinetics of nitrate and ammonia uptake by natural populations of marine phytoplankton. Deep-Sea Research, 16, 45-57.
76. Malone T. C., S. E. Pike and D. J. Conley (1993) Transient variations in phytoplankton productivity at the JGOFS Bermuda time series station. Deep-Sea Research, 40, 903-924.
77. Marra J. and K. R. Heinemann (1984) A comparison between noncontaminating and conventional incubation procedures in primary production measurements. Limnology and Oceanography, 29, 389-392.
78. Marra J. and C. Ho (1993) Initiation of the spring bloom in the northeast Atlantic: a numerical simulation. Deep-Sea Research, 40, 55-73.
79. 2 change: The iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography, 5, 1-13.
80. Martin J. H., R. M. Gordon and S. E. Fitzwater (1991) The case for iron. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 1793-1802.
81. Martin J. H., S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Gordon, C. N. Hunter and S. J. Tanner (1993) Iron, primary production and carbon-nitrogen flux studies during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Research, 40, 115-134.
82. Martin J. H. et al. (1994) Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 371, 123-129.
83. McCarthy J. J., C. Garside, J. L. Nevins and R. T. Barber (1996) New production along 140°W in the equatorial Pacific during and following the 1992 El Niño event. Deep-Sea Research II, 43, 1065-1093.
84. McCormick M. P., L. W. Thomason and C. R. Trepte (1995) Atmospheric effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption. Nature, 373, 399-404.
85. McGillicuddy D. J., A. R. Robinson and J. J. McCarthy (1995) Coupled physical and biological modeling of the spring bloom in the North Atlantic (II): three dimensional bloom and post-bloom processes. Deep-Sea Research I, 42, 1359-1398.
86. McPhaden M. J. (1993) TOGA-TAO and the 1991-93 El Niño Southern Oscillation event. Oceanography, 6, 36-44.
87. Minas H. J., M. Minas and T. T. Packard (1986) Productivity in upwelling areas deduced from hydrographic and chemical fields. Limnology and Oceanography, 31, 1182-1206.
88. Morel F. M. M., J. G. Rueter and N. M. Price (1991) Iron nutrition of phytoplankton and its possible importance in the ecology of ocean regions with high nutrient and low biomass. Oceanography, 4, 56-61.
89. Morris I., C. M. Yentsch and C. S. Yentsch (1971) The physiological state of phytoplankton from low-nutrient sub-tropical water with respect to nitrogen as measured by the effect of ammonium on dark carbon dioxide fixation. Limnology and Oceanography, 16, 859-868.
90. Müller P. J. and E. Suess (1979) Productivity, sedimentation rate, and sedimentary organic matter in the ocean. I. Organic carbon preservation. Deep-Sea Research, 26A, 1347-1362.
91. 234Th scavenging in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 36, 1471-1489.
92. Murray J. W., M. Leinen, R. A. Feely, J. R. Toggweiler and R. Wanninkhof (1992) EqPac: A process study in the central equatorial Pacific. Oceanography, 5, 134-142.
93. Murray J. W., R. T. Barber, M. R. Roman, M. P. Bacon and R. A. Feely (1994) Physical and biological controls on carbon cycling in the equatorial Pacific. Science, 266, 58-65.
94. Murray J. W., E. Johnson and C. Garside (1995) A US JGOFS process study in the equatorial Pacific (EqPac): Introduction. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 275-294.
95. Murray R. W. and M. Leinen (1993) Chemical transport to the seafloor of the equatorial Pacific Ocean across a latitudinal transect at 135°W: Tracking sedimentary major, trace, and rare earth element fluxes at the Equator and the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 4141-4163.
96. Nelson D. and M. A. Brzezinski (1990) Kinetics of silicic acid uptake by natural diatom assemblages in two Gulf Stream warm-core rings. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 67, 283-292.
97. Nelson D. and P. Treguer (1992) Role of silicon as a limiting nutrient to Antarctic diatoms: evidence from kinetic studies in the Ross sea ice-edge zone. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 80, 255-264.
98. Odum E. P. (1971) Fundamentals of ecology. Saunders, Philadelphia, 574 pp.
99. Peña M. A., W. G. Harrison and M. R. Lewis (1992) New production in the central equatorial Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 80, 265-274.
100. Philander S. G. (1990) El Niño, La Niña, and the South Oscillation. Academic Press, San Diego, 293 pp.
101. Philander S. G. H., W. Hurlin and A. D. Seigel (1987) A model of the seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17, 1986-2002.
102. Platt T. and S. Sathyendranath (1993) Fundamental issues in measurement of primary production. ICES Marine Science Symposium, 197, 3-8.
103. Platt T., S. Sathyendranath, O. Ulloa, W. G. Harrison, N. Noepffner and J. Goes (1992) Nutrient control of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the western north Atlantic. Nature, 356, 229-231.
104. Price N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986) Toxic effects of latex and Tygon tubing on marine phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 34, 41-49.
105. Price N. M., L. F. Andersen and F. M. M. Morel (1991) Iron and nitrogen nutrition of equatorial Pacific plankton. Deep-Sea Research, 38, 1361-1378.
106. Price N. M., B. A. Ahner and F. M. M. Morel (1994) The equatorial Pacific ocean: grazer-controlled phytoplankton populations in an iron-limited ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 508-519.
107. Sanderson M. P., C. N. Hunter, S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Gordon and R. T. Barber (1995) Primary productivity and trace metal contamination measurements from a clean rosette system versus ultra clean Go-Flo bottles. Deep-Sea Research II, 42, 431-440.
108. 2 stalled. Nature, 365, 697-698.
109. Siegenthaler U. and J. L. Sarmiento (1993) Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean. Nature, 365, 119-125.
110. Smith W. O., R. T. Barber and S. A. Huntsman (1977) Primary production off the coast of northwest Africa: excretion of dissolved organic matter and its heterotrophic uptake. Deep-Sea Research, 24, 35-47.
111. 2 budget. Science, 247, 1431-1438.
112. Thomas W. H. (1979) Anomalous nutrient chlorophyll interrelationships in the offshore eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Marine Research, 37, 327-335.
113. Venrick E. L. and T. L. Hayward (1984) Determining chlorophyll on the 1984 CalCOFI surveys. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation Report, 25, 74-79.
114. Walsh J. J. (1976) Herbivory as a factor in patterns of nutrient utilization in the sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 21, 1-13.
115. Welschmeyer N. A., S. Strom, R. Goericke, G. DiTullio, M. Belvin and W. Peterson (1993) Primary production in the subarctic Pacific Ocean: Project SUPER. Progress in Oceanography, 32, 101-135.
116. Williams P. J. Le B. (1993) On the definition of plankton production terms. ICES Marine Science Symposium, 197, 9-19.
117. Williams P. J. Le B. and J. I. Robertson (1989) A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. Limnology and Oceanography, 34, 1300-1305.
118. Wyrtki K. (1981) An estimate of equatorial upwelling in the Pacific. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11, 1205-1214.
119. Wyrtki K. and B. Kilonsky (1984) Mean water mass and current structure during Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 14, 242-254.
120. Yoder J. A., S. G. Ackleson, R. T. Barber, P. Flament and W. Balch (1994) A line in the sea. Nature, 371, 689-692.
121. Young R. M., K. L. Carder, P. R. Betzer, D. K. Costello, R. A. Duce, G. R. DiTullio, N. W. Tindale, E. A. Laws, M. Uematsu, J. T. Merrill and R. A. Feely (1991) Atmospheric iron inputs and primary productivity: phytoplankton responses in the north Pacific. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5, 119-134.