Integrated pollution prevention and control: UK and EC approaches and possible next steps

Journal of Environmental Law

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 301-311

  Emmott, Neil ^a   Haigh, Nigel ^a  

^a Inst for Europ Environ Policy   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; EUROPEAN UNION; INTEGRATED POLLUTION PREVENTION; POLLUTION CONTROL; REGULATORY APPROACH;

EUROPE, (WEST); UK;

EID: 0030433983     PISSN: 09528873     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jel/8.2.301     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. F. Irwin, (1990), 'Introduction to Integrated Pollution Control', chapter 1 in: Integrated Pollution Control in Europe and North America, N. Haigh and F. Irwin (eds), The Conservation Foundation, Washington DC and Institute for European Environmental Policy, p 11.
2. OECD (1991), Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, Environment Monograph No 37.
3. Article I(a).
4. Preamble.
5. Appendix, paragraph 1.
6. Appendix, paragraph 2.
7. Appendix, paragraph 3.
8. Appendix, paragraph 6.
9. Section 6(1).
10. Section 7(2)(a).
11. Section 7(2)(c).
12. Section 7(7).
13. Integrated Pollution Control: A Practical Guide, Department of the Environment and the Welsh Office, London, 1996.
14. Ibid, p 15.
15. Best Practicable Environmental Option Assessments for IPC: A Summary, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution, London, 1996.
16. Ireland has also introduced an industrial licensing regime under the name 'IPC'. Other countries have pursued integrated industrial licensing without using the same terminology, see Haigh and Irwin, supra n 1.
17. Section 4(2).
18. Section 1(3).
19. Section 1(10).
20. Section 7(2).
21. Section 28(1).
22. While for convenience the text refers to the IPPC 'Directive', the EC's IPPC proposal has not yet been adopted as law, although this appears imminent. The analysis reflects the Council's common position on IPPC of 27 November 1995 (OJ C87, 25.3.96).
23. Article 1 and Annex 1.
24. An installation is defined by Article 2(3) as 'a stationary technical unit where one or more activities listed in Annex I are carried out, and any other directly associated activities which have a technical connection with the activities carried out on that site and which could have an effect on emissions and pollution'.
25. Article 1.
26. Article 2(2).
27. Section 1(13).
28. Article 11.
29. Supra note 13, p 15.
30. Article 11 and Annex IV.
31. Article 3.
32. OJ L194, 25.7.75 as amended by Directive 91/156, OJ L78 26.3.91.
33. Article 9(1).
34. Article 2(9).
35. Article 7.
36. Article 3(c).
37. Article 6(1).
38. Environmental Protection (Applications, Appeals and Registers) Regulations 1991 (as amended). Regulation 2(1).
39. Article 6(1).
40. Article 9(3).
41. Article 9(3).
42. Article 9(5).
43. Article 9(5).
44. Article 9(6).
45. Article 14.
46. EC Commission v Germany, Case C-361-88, (1990) I ECR, p 2567; German compliance with EC air quality standards in practice did not remove the obligation to give the standards legal force in national law.
47. EC Commission v Belgium, Case 247/85, (1987) ECR, p 3073; Belgium could not maintain a system in which the hunting of birds protected under EC law could occur only after official authorisation, because the possibility of hunting being permitted meant that the Belgian law did not guarantee that the objective of the Directive would be met.
48. EPA 1990, Section 7(8).
49. Regulation 880/92, OJ L99, 11.4.92.
50. EC controls in this field include Directive 67/548/EEC, OJ Lig6, 16.8.67, as amended (testing new chemicals) and Regulation 793/93, OJ L84, 5.4.93 (testing existing chemicals). A full description of the EC's chemicals control policies is described in N. Haigh (ed), Manual of Environmental Policy: the EC and Britain (looseleaf), Cartermill in association with the Institute for European Environmental Policy, London, chapter 7.
51. Air Pollution Control: an Integrated Approach, 5th Report, Cmnd 6371, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 1976. The Commission also elaborated on the concept in its 12th Report, Best Practicable Environmental Option, Cm 310, 1986.
52. Air Pollution Control: an Integrated Approach, 5th Report, Cmnd 6371, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 1976. The Commission also elaborated on the concept in its 12th Report, Best Practicable Environmental Option, Cm 310, 1986.
53. Making Waste Work: A Strategy for Sustainable Waste Management in England and Wales, Cm 3040, Department of the Environment and the Welsh Office, 1995, p 6. The document states that 'the choice of waste management option for a particular waste stream will be guided by the principle of using the best practicable environmental option'.
54. See for example Hansard, Written Answers, 4 July 1995, col 152, in which Energy Minister Tim Eggar refers to the BPEO assessment for the Brent Spar.
55. S. Owens, 'The Unified Pollution Inspectorate and Best Practicable Environmental Option in the United Kingdom', chapter 8 in Haigh and Irwin, 1990, supra n 1, 175-84.