Vivaldi 1991 - A study of the formation, circulation and ventilation of Eastern North Atlantic Central Water

Progress in Oceanography

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 167-172

  Pollard, R T ^a   Griffiths, M J ^a   Cunningham, S A ^a   Read, J F ^a   Perez F F ^b   Rios A F ^b  

^a NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRCULATION; EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC WATER; FORMATION; VENTILATION; VIVALDI 1991; WATER MASSES;

ATLANTIC, (NORTHEAST);

EID: 0030433594     PISSN: 00796611     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6611(96)00008-0     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. ARHAN, M. (1990) The North Atlantic Current and Subarctic Intermediate Water, Journal of Marine Research, 48, 109-144.
2. BAUER, J., H. LEACH and J.D. WOODS (1991) The summertime variation of heat and freshwater contents between the Azores and Greenland, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 117B, 1081-1104.
3. BOWERMAN, S.J. and H. LEACH (1996) Eddies in the North East Atlantic: Statistics from observations from a moving ship, Journal of Geophysical Research, (in press).
4. CASTRO, C.G., F.F. PÉREZ, A. ALVAREZ-SALGADO, G. ROSÓN and A.F. RÍOS (1994) Hydrographic conditions associated with the relaxation of an upwelling event off the Galician coast (NW Spain), Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 5135-5147.
5. CLARKE, R.A., H.W. HILL, R.F. REINIGER and B.A. WARREN (1980) Current system south and east of the Grand Banks, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 10, 25-65.
6. CUNNINGHAM, S.A., M.J. GRIFFITHS, J. HEMMINGS, S.G. ALDERSON, G. GRIFFITHS, R.T. POLLARD, J.C. DONLAN, P. LANCASTER, H. LEACH, R.K. LOWRY, M.W. STIRLING, P. SMITH, T.J.P. GWILLIAM, J. SMITHERS, S. KEENE, R. PEARCE, T.R. ANDERSON, S. BOWERMAN and D. GROHMANN (1992) SeaSoar CTD, fluorescence and scalar irradiance data from RRS "Charles Darwin" Cruises 58/59, NE Atlantic (Vivaldi 91). Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Report No 299, 48 pp.
7. CUNNINGHAM, S.A. and T.W. HAINE (1995a) Labrador Sea Water in the eastern North Atlantic. Part I: A synoptic circulation inferred from a minimum in potential vorticity, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25, 649-665.
8. CUNNINGHAM, S.A. and T.W. HAINE (1995b) Labrador Sea Water in the eastern North Atlantic. Part II: Mixing dynamics and the advective-diffusive balance, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25, 666-678.
9. DICKSON, R.R., J. MEINCKE, S.-A. MALMBERG and A.J. LEE (1988) The "Great Salinity Anomaly" in the northern North Atlantic 1968-1982, Progress in Oceanography, 20, 103-151.
10. DIETRICH, G., K. KALLE, W. KRAUSS and G. SIEDLER (1975) Allgemeine Meereskunde, Bornträger, Berlin, 593pp.
11. ELLETT, D.J. and J. BLINDHEIM (1992) Climate and hydrographic variability in the ICES area during the 1980s, ICES Marine Science Symposium, 195, 11-31.
12. ELLETT, D.J., A. EDWARDS and R. BOWERS (1986) The hydrography of the Rockall Channel - an overview. In: The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 88B, 61-81.
13. FRAGA, F., C. MOURIÑO and M. MANRIQUEZ (1982) Las masas de agua en la costa de Galicia: junio-octobre, Resultados Expediciones Científicas, 10, 51-77.
14. GRIFFITHS, G., S. CUNNINGHAM, M. GRIFFITHS, R.T. POLLARD, H. LEACH, S. HOLLEY, T. PAYLOR, T.W.N. HAINE, A. RÍOS, S.G. ALDERSON, R.K. LOWRY, P. SMITH, M. PRESTON, T.J.P. GWILLIAM, J. SMITHERS, S. KEENE, J. HEMMINGS and T.R. ANDERSON (1992) CTD oxygen, tracer and nutrient data from RRS Charles Darwin Cruises 58/59 in the NE Atlantic as part of Vivaldi '91. Institute fo Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Report No.296, 51 pp.
15. HAINE, T.W.N., A.J. WATSON and M.I. LIDDICOAT (1995) Chlorofluorocarbon-113 in the northeast Atlantic, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 10745-10753.
16. HARVEY, J. (1982) θ-s relationships and water masses in the eastern North Atlantic, Deep-Sea Research, 29, 1021-1033.
17. HARVEY, J. and M. ARHAN (1988) The water masses of the central North Atlantic in 1983-84, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18, 1855-1875.
18. HELLAND-HANSEN, B. and F. NANSEN (1926) The eastern North Atlantic, Geophysiske Publicajoner, 4, 1-76.
19. HOGG, N.G. (1992) On the transport of the Gulf Stream between Cape Hatteras and the Grand Banks, Deep-Sea Research, 39, 1231-1246.
20. HOGG, N.G. (1993) Towards parameterization of the eddy field near the Gulf Stream, Deep-Sea Research, 40, 2359-2376.
21. ISELIN, C.O'D. (1936) A study of the circulation of the western North Atlantic, Papers in Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, 4, No. 4, 101 pp.
22. ISELIN, C.O'D. (1939) The influence of vertical and horizontal turbulence on the characteristics of waters at mid-depths, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 3, 414-417.
23. JENKINS, W.J. (1982) On the climate of a subtropical ocean gyre: Decade timescale variations in water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea, Journal of Marine Research, 40, 265-290.
24. KING, B.A., S.G. ALDERSON, S. BACON, T.J.P. GWILLIAM, C. HIRST, R. PAYLOR, J.F. READ and J.C. SWALLOW (1991) CTDO station data from the northeast Atlantic from RRS Discovery cruise 189. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Report No 287, 182pp.
25. (1991) CTDO station data from the north east Atlantic from RRS Discovery cruise 189. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Report No 287, 182pp.
26. LEACH, H. (1990) Interannual variability in the upper ocean in the North Atlantic, summer 1983 and 1986, Deep-Sea Research, 37, 1169-1175.
27. LEETMAA, A. and A.F. BUNKER (1978) Updated charts of the mean annual wind stress, convergences in the Ekman Layers, and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic, Journal of Marine Research, 36, 311-322.
28. MCCARTNEY, M.S. (1982) The subtropical recirculation of Mode Waters, Journal of Marine Research, 40, 427-464.
29. MCCARTNEY, M.S. and L.D. TALLEY (1982) The Subpolar Mode Water of the North Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 12, 1169-1188.
30. MEINCKE, J. (1986) Convection in the oceanic waters west of Britain, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 88B, 127-139.
31. NEW, A.L. and R. BLECK (1995) An isopycnic model study of the North Atlantic. Part II: interdecadal variability of the subtropical gyre, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25, 2700-2714.
32. ONKEN, R. (1993) The Azores countercurrent, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 23, 1638-1646.
33. PAILLET, J. and M. ARHAN (1996) Oceanic ventilation in the eastern North Atlantic, Journal of Physical Oceanography, in press.
34. PÉREZ, F.F., A.F. RÍOS, B.A. KING and R.T. POLLARD (1995) Decadal changes of the θ/S relationship of the eastern North Atlantic Central Water, Deep-Sea Research, 42 (11/12), 1849-1864.
35. PINGREE, R.D. and B. LE CANN (1990) Structure, strength and seasonality of the slope currents in the Bay of Biscay region, Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 70, 857-885.
36. POLLARD, R.T. (1986) Frontal surveys with a towed profiling conductivity/temperature/depth measurement package (SeaSoar), Nature, 323, 433-435.
37. POLLARD, R.T., H. LEACH and G. GRIFFITHS (1991) RRS Charles Darwin Cruises 58 & 59 25 April-16 May; 18 May-10 Jun 1991 Vivaldi '91. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Report no. 228, 49pp.
38. POLLARD, R.T. and S. PU (1985) Structure and circulation of the upper Atlantic Ocean northeast of the Azores, Progress in Oceanography, 14, 443-462.
39. READ, J.F., R.T. POLLARD and C. HIRST (1991) CTD data from the north east Atlantic, April 1989, collected on RRS Discovery Cruise 181. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Report 285, 157pp.
40. RÍOS, A.F., F.F. PÉREZ and F. FRAGA (1992) Water masses in the upper and middle North Atlantic ocean east of the Azores, Deep-Sea Research, 39, 645-658.
41. SCHMITZ, W.J. Jr and M.S. MCCARTNEY (1993) On the North Atlantic circulation, Reviews of Geophysics, 31, 29-49.
42. STRAMMA, L. (1984) Geostrophic transport in the warm water sphere of the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, Journal of Marine Research, 42, 537-558.
43. SY, A. (1988) Investigation of large-scale circulation patterns in the central North Atlantic: the North Atlantic Current, the Azores Current, and the Mediterranean Water plume in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Deep-Sea Research, 35, 383-413.
44. SY, A., U. SCHAUER and J. MEINCKE (1992) The North Atlantic Current and its associated hydrographic structure above and eastwards of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Deep-Sea Research, 39, 825-853.
45. TSUCHIYA, M., L.D. TALLEY and M.S. MCCARTNEY (1992) An eastern Atlantic section from Iceland southward across the equator, Deep-Sea Research, 39, 1885-1971.