Experimental prevention of a population cycle in Red Grouse

Ecology

Volumn 77, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 1512-1530

  Moss, R ^a   Watson, A ^a   Parr, R ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Age structure; Comb size; Demography; Dietary nitrogen; Kin selection; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Parasites; Population cycles; Population regulation; Recruitment; Removal experiment

Indexed keywords

BREEDING SUCCESS; POPULATION CYCLE; RECRUITMENT; RED GROUSE;

US, SCOTLAND, GRAMPIAN, RICKARTON MOOR;

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS; LAGOPUS LAGOPUS; LAGOPUS LAGOPUS SCOTICUS; LAGOPUS SCOTICUS; PHASIANIDAE;

EID: 0030432808     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2265548     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Andrewartha, H. G., and L. C. Birch. 1954. The distribution and abundance of animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
2. Angelstam, P., E. Lindström, and P. Widén. 1985. Synchronous short-term population fluctuations of some birds and mammals in Fennoscandia-occurrence and distribution. Holarctic Ecology 8:285-298.
3. Berryman, A. A. 1978. Population cycles of the Douglas-fir tussock moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): the time-delay hypothesis. Canadian Entomologist 110:513-518.
4. Berryman, A. A., and J. A. Millstein. 1989. Are ecological systems chaotic-and if not, why not? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:26-28.
5. Boag, D. A., A. Watson, and R. Parr. 1975. Patagial streamers as markers for Red Grouse chicks. Bird Banding 46:248.
6. Box, G. E. P., and G. M. Jenkins. 1970. Time series analysis: forecasting and control. Holden-Day, San Francisco, California, USA.
7. Chitty, D. 1967. The natural selection of self-regulatory behaviour in animal populations. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 2:51-78.
8. Christian, J. L. 1950. The adreno-pituitary system and population cycles in mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 31: 247-259.
9. Dougall, J. D. 1875. Shooting: its appliances, practice and purpose. Sampson Low, Marston, Low and Searle, London, UK.
10. Eason, P., and S. J. Hannon. 1994. New birds on the block: new neighbors increase defensive costs for territorial male Willow Ptarmigan. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34:419-426.
11. Elton, C., and M. Nicholson. 1942. The ten-year cycle in numbers of the lynx in Canada. Journal of Animal Ecology 11:215-244.
12. Hairston, N. G. 1989. Ecological experiment: purpose, design, and execution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
13. Hamerstrom, F. 1979. Effect of prey on predator: voles and harriers. Auk 96:370-374.
14. Hannon, S. J. 1983. Spacing and breeding density of willow ptarmigan in response to an experimental alteration of sex ratio. Journal of Animal Ecology 52:807-820.
15. Hassell, M. P., J. H. Lawton, and R. M. May. 1976. Patterns of dynamical behaviour in single species populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 45:471-486.
16. Hewson, R. 1976. A population study of mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in north-east Scotland from 1956-1969. Journal of Animal Ecology 45:395-414.
17. Hudson, P. J. 1986. The effects of a parasitic nematode on the breeding production of red grouse. Journal of Animal Ecology 55:85-92.
18. Hudson, P. J., A. P. Dobson, and D. Newborn. 1985. Cyclic and non-cyclic populations of red grouse: a role for parasitism? Pages 77-89 in D. Rollinson and R. M. Anderson, editors. Ecology and genetics of host-parasite interactions. Academic Press for the Linnean Society, London, UK.
19. Hudson, P. J., D. Newborn, and A. P. Dobson. 1992. Regulation and stability of a free-living host-parasite system: Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse. I Monitoring and parasite reduction experiments. Journal of Animal Ecology 61:477-486.
20. Jenkins, D., and A. Watson. 1970. Population control in red grouse and ptarmigan in Scotland. Transactions of the International Union of Game Biologists' Congress 7:121-141. Helsinki, Finland.
21. Jenkins, D., A. Watson, and G. R. Miller. 1963. Population studies on red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus (Lath.) in north-east Scotland. Journal of Animal Ecology 32:317-376.
22. Keith, L. B. 1963. Wildlife's ten-year cycle. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
23. _. 1983. Role of food in hare population cycles. Oikos 40:385-395.
24. Keller, B. L. 1985. Reproductive patterns. Pages 725-778 in R. H. Tamarin, editor. Biology of New World Microtus. Special Publication of the American Society of Mammalogy.
25. Krebs, C. J. 1985. Do changes in spacing behaviour drive population cycles in small mammals? Pages 295-312 in R. M. Sibly and R. H. Smith, editors. Behavioural Ecology. Symposium 25 of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
26. Lambin, X., and C. J. Krebs. 1993. Influence of female relatedness on the demography of Townsend's vole populations in spring. Journal of Animal Ecology 62:536-550.
27. Lindström, E. R., H. Andrén, P. Angelstam, G. Cederlund, B. Hörnfeldt, L. Jäderberg, P.-A. Lemnell, B. Martinsson, K. Sköld, and J. Swenson. 1994. Disease reveals the predator: sarcoptic mange, red fox predation, and prey populations. Ecology 75:1042-1049.
28. Mackenzie, J. M. D. 1952. Fluctuations in the numbers of British tetraonids. Journal of Animal Ecology 21:128-153.
29. Martin, K., and S. J. Hannon. 1987. Natal philopatry and recruitment of Willow Ptarmigan in north central and northwestern Canada. Oecologia (Berlin) 71:518-524.
30. Math Works. 1992. High-performance numeric computation and visualization software. The Math Works, Natick, Massachusetts, USA.
31. May, R. M. 1974. Biological populations with non-overlapping populations, stable points, and chaos. Science 186: 645-647.
32. _. 1976. Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics. Nature 261:459-467.
33. Metz, K. J., and P. J. Weatherhead. 1991. Color bands function as secondary sexual traits in male Red-winged Blackbirds. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 28:23-27.
34. Middleton, A. D. 1934. Periodic fluctuations in British game bird records. Journal of Animal Ecology 3:231-249.
35. Moran, P. A. P. 1949. The statistical analysis of the sunspot and lynx cycles. Journal of Animal Ecology 18:115-116.
36. _. 1952. Statistical analysis of game bird records. Journal of Animal Ecology 21:154-158.
37. Moss, R., H. H. Kolb, M. M. Marquiss, A. Watson, B. Treca, D. Watt, and W. Glennie. 1979. Aggressiveness and dom-inance in captive cock Red Grouse. Aggressive Behavior 5:59-84.
38. Moss, R., and G. R. Miller. 1976. Production, dieback, and grazing of heather (Calluna vulgaris) in relation to numbers of red grouse (Lagopus I. scoticus) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in north-east Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology 13:369-377.
39. Moss, R., R. A. Parr, and X. Lambin. 1994. Effects of testosterone on breeding density, breeding success, and survival of red grouse. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 255:91-97.
40. Moss, R., I. B. Trenholm, A. Watson, and R. Parr. 1990a. Parasitism, predation, and survival of hen red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus in spring. Journal of Animal Ecology 59:631-642.
41. Moss, R., I. B. Trenholm, A. Watson, and R. Parr. 1990b. Plant growth and nitrogen metabolism of Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus in spring. Ornis Scandinavica 21: 115-121.
42. Moss, R., and A. Watson. 1985. Adaptive value of spacing behaviour in population cycles of red grouse and other animals. Pages 275-294 in R. M. Sibly and R. H. Smith, editors. Behavioural Ecology. Symposium 25 of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
43. Moss, R., and A. Watson. 1990a. Predicting, manipulating and understanding red grouse population fluctuations. Pages 72-77 in A. N. Lance and J. H. Lawton, editors. Red grouse population processes. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK.
44. Moss, R., and A. Watson. 1990b. Red grouse numbers in relation to their resources. Pages 53-61 in A. N. Lance and J. H. Lawton, editors. Red grouse population processes. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK.
45. Moss, R., and A. Watson. 1991. Population cycles and kin selection in Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. Ibis 133: supplement 1, 113-120.
46. Moss, R., A. Watson, and R. Parr. 1988. Mate choice by hen Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus with an excess of cocks-role of territory size and food quality. Ibis 130: 545-552.
47. Moss, R., A. Watson, R. A. Parr, I. B. Trenholm, and M. Marquiss. 1993a. Growth rate, condition and survival of Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus chicks. Ornis Scandinavica 24:303-310.
48. Moss, R., A. Watson, and P. Rothery. 1984. Inherent changes in the body size, viability and behaviour of a fluctuating red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) population. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:171-189.
49. Moss, R., A. Watson, P. Rothery, and W. W. Glennie. 1981 Clutch size, egg size, hatch weight and laying date in relation to early mortality in Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus chicks. Ibis 123:450-462.
50. Moss, R., A. Watson, I. B. Trenholm, and R. Parr. 1993b. Caecal threadworms Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus: effects of weather and host density upon estimated worm burdens. Parasitology 107:199-209.
51. Mountford, M. D., A. Watson, R. Moss, R. Parr, and P. Rothery. 1990. Land inheritance and population cycles of red grouse. Pages 78-83 in A. N. Lance and J. H. Lawton, editors. Red grouse population processes. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK.
52. Nicholson, A. J. 1954. An outline of the dynamics of animal populations. Australian Journal of Zoology 2:9-65.
53. Nikolsky, G. V. 1963. The ecology of fishes. Academic Press. London, UK. (Translated from Russian by L. Birkett.)
54. Parr, R. 1975. Aging Red Grouse chicks by primary molt and development. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:188-190.
55. Potts, G. R., S. C. Tapper, and P. J. Hudson. 1984. Population fluctuations in red grouse: analysis of bag records and a simulation model. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:31-36.
56. Rothery, P., R. Moss, and A. Watson. 1984. General properties of predictive population models in Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopux scoticus). Oecologia (Berlin) 62:382-386.
57. Royama, T. 1981. Fundamental concepts and methodology for the analysis of animal population dynamics, with particular reference to univoltine species. Ecological Monographs 54:429-462.
58. SAS. 1989. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6, Fourth Edition. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
59. Schaffer, W. M., and R. H. Tamarin. 1973. Changing reproductive rates and population cycles in lemmings and voles. Evolution 27:111-124.
60. Siivonen, L., and J. Koskimies. 1955. Population fluctuations and the lunar cycle. Suomen Riista 14:1-22.
61. Sinclair, A. R. E., J. M. Gosline, G. Holdsworth, C. J. Krebs, S. Boutin, J. N. M. Smith, R. Boonstra, and M. Dale. 1993. Can the solar cycle and climate synchronize the snowshoe hare cycle in Canada? Evidence from tree rings and ice cores. American Naturalist 141:173-198.
62. Sinclair, A. R. E., C. J. Krebs, J. N. M. Smith, and S. Boutin. 1988. Population biology of snowshoe hares. III. Nutrition, plant secondary compounds, and food limitation. Journal of Animal Ecology 57:269-286.
63. Turchin, P., and A. D. Taylor. 1992. Complex dynamics in ecological time series. Ecology 73:289-305.
64. Watson, A. 1985. Social class, socially-induced loss, recruitment, and breeding of Red Grouse. Oecologia (Berlin) 67:493-498.
65. Watson, A., and D. Jenkins. 1968. Experiments on population control by territorial behaviour in red grouse. Journal of Animal Ecology 37:595-614.
66. Watson, A., and G. R. Miller. 1976. Grouse management. Game Conservancy, Fordingbridge, UK.
67. Watson, A., and R. Moss. 1979. Population cycles in the Tetraonidae. Ornis Fennica 56:87-109.
68. Watson, A., R. Moss, and R. Parr. 1984b. Effects of food enrichment on numbers and spacing behaviour of red grouse. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:663-678.
69. Watson, A., R. Moss, R. Parr, M. D. Mountford, and P. Rothery. 1994. Kin landownership, differential aggression between kin and non-kin, and population fluctuations in red grouse. Journal of Animal Ecology 63:39-50.
70. Watson, A., R. Moss, P. Rothery, and R. Parr. 1984a. Demographic causes and predictive models of population fluctuations in red grouse. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:639-662.
71. Watson, A., and R. Parr. 1981. Hormone implants affecting territory size and aggressive and sexual behaviour in Red Grouse. Ornis Scandinavica 12:55-61.
72. Watt, A. S. 1955. Bracken versus heather, a study in plant sociology. Journal of Ecology 186:544-550.
73. Williams, J. 1985. Statistical analysis of fluctuations in Red Grouse bag data. Oecologia (Berlin) 65:269-272.
74. Wilson, E., and A. S. Leslie. 1911. Grouse disease. Pages 185-206 in Committee of Enquiry on Grouse Disease. The grouse in health and disease. Smith, Elder, London, UK.
75. Wynne-Edwards, V. C. 1962. Animal dispersion in relation to social behaviour. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, UK