Assessing growth management policy implementation: Case study of the United States' leading growth management state

Land Use Policy

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 241-259

  Nelson, Arthur C ^a   Moore, Terry ^b  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b ECONorthwest   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MANAGEMENT APPROACH; METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH; POLICY EFFECTIVENESS; URBAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT; URBAN POLICY;

USA, OREGON;

EID: 0030431281     PISSN: 02648377     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0264-8377(96)84555-8     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Knaap, G J and Nelson, A C The Regulated Landscape Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA (1992)
2. Hagman, D C and Juergensmeyer, J C Urban Planning and Land Development Control Law West Publishing, St Paul, MN (1987)
3. Bosselman, F and Callies, D The Quiet Revolution in Land Use Control Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC (1971)
4. Bollens, S A 'State growth management: intergovernmental frameworks and policy objectives' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 454-466; DeGrove, J Land, Growth, and Politics American Planning Association, Chicago, IL (1984)
5. Bollens, S A 'State growth management: intergovernmental frameworks and policy objectives' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 454-466; DeGrove, J Land, Growth, and Politics American Planning Association, Chicago, IL (1984)
6. DeGrove, J M State Growth Management Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge MA (1992); Porter, D R (ed) State and Regional Initiatives for Managing Growth: Policy Issues and Practical Concerns Urban Land Institute, Washington, DC (1992); DeGrove op cit Ref 4
7. DeGrove, J M State Growth Management Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge MA (1992); Porter, D R (ed) State and Regional Initiatives for Managing Growth: Policy Issues and Practical Concerns Urban Land Institute, Washington, DC (1992); DeGrove op cit Ref 4
8. DeGrove, J M State Growth Management Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge MA (1992); Porter, D R (ed) State and Regional Initiatives for Managing Growth: Policy Issues and Practical Concerns Urban Land Institute, Washington, DC (1992); DeGrove op cit Ref 4
9. Kusler, J A Regulating Sensitive Lands Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge MA (1980); Duerksen, C Policies for Siting Industrial Plants Lexington Books Lexington, MA (1981)
10. Kusler, J A Regulating Sensitive Lands Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge MA (1980); Duerksen, C Policies for Siting Industrial Plants Lexington Books Lexington, MA (1981)
11. DeGrove op cit Ref 5
12. DeGrove, J and Stroud, N 'State land use planning and regulation: innovative roles in the 1980s and beyond' Land Use Law 1987 (March) 3-8; Gale, D E 'Eight state-sponsored growth management programs: a comparative analysis' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 425-439; DeGrove op cit Ref 5
13. DeGrove, J and Stroud, N 'State land use planning and regulation: innovative roles in the 1980s and beyond' Land Use Law 1987 (March) 3-8; Gale, D E 'Eight state-sponsored growth management programs: a comparative analysis' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 425-439; DeGrove op cit Ref 5
14. DeGrove, J and Stroud, N 'State land use planning and regulation: innovative roles in the 1980s and beyond' Land Use Law 1987 (March) 3-8; Gale, D E 'Eight state-sponsored growth management programs: a comparative analysis' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 425-439; DeGrove op cit Ref 5
15. Gale op cit Ref 8
16. Meeks, G 'Growth management: a renewed agenda for the states' Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 1990 45 (6) 600-604; Sinclair, S 'Growth management in the 1980s: a new consensus and a change of strategy' New England Journal of Public Policy 1989 5 (2) 21-47; Bollens op cit Ref 4
17. Meeks, G 'Growth management: a renewed agenda for the states' Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 1990 45 (6) 600-604; Sinclair, S 'Growth management in the 1980s: a new consensus and a change of strategy' New England Journal of Public Policy 1989 5 (2) 21-47; Bollens op cit Ref 4
18. Meeks, G 'Growth management: a renewed agenda for the states' Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 1990 45 (6) 600-604; Sinclair, S 'Growth management in the 1980s: a new consensus and a change of strategy' New England Journal of Public Policy 1989 5 (2) 21-47; Bollens op cit Ref 4
19. Mazmanian, D A and Sabatier, P A Effective Policy Implementation Lexington Books, Lexington, MA (1981); Mazmanian, D A and Sabatier, P A Implementation and Public Policy Scott Foresman, Glenview, IL (1983)
20. Mazmanian, D A and Sabatier, P A Effective Policy Implementation Lexington Books, Lexington, MA (1981); Mazmanian, D A and Sabatier, P A Implementation and Public Policy Scott Foresman, Glenview, IL (1983)
21. There is some dispute about whether Florida and Oregon should be considered 'bottom-up' as suggested by Professor John DeGrove. His observation is that all plans in those states were in fact prepared by local governments, the 'bottom' level, then sent 'up' to state agencies for review and, at least in Oregon, often returned to the 'bottom' for further revision. Both states clearly have 'top-down' characteristics as state policy is devised at the 'top', taken into account by locally prepared plans at the 'bottom', then reviewed at the 'top' for consistency. A cynical interpretation of the process in both states is 'top-down-bottom-up-beat-back-down-until-done-right'. A more accurate characterization may be simply that overarching state interests must be adequately incorporated into locally prepared plans in a kind of 'interest-sharing' process that is neither entirely bottom-up nor top-down.
22. Nelson, A C 'Growth strategies: the new planning game in Georgia' Carolina Planning 1990 16 (1) 1-6; Gale op cit Ref 8
23. Nelson, A C 'Growth strategies: the new planning game in Georgia' Carolina Planning 1990 16 (1) 1-6; Gale op cit Ref 8
24. Innes, J E 'Group processes and social construction of growth management: Florida, Vermont, and New Jersey' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 440-453
25. Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
26. Burby, R J and May, P J Making Governments Plan: Experiments in Managing Land Use College of Urban and Public Affairs. University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA (1994)
27. Knaap, G J 'Political economy of adoption: Oregon's land use act' Unpublished paper presented to the 1992 conference of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (1992)
28. Beatley, T A Bibliography of Growth Management Sources (1970 Forward) Council of Planning Librarians, Chicago, IL (1985); Kelly, ED Managing Community Growth Praeger, Greenwood, CT (1993); Nelson, A C and Duncan, J B Growth Management Principles and Practices American Planning Association, Chicago, IL (1995)
29. Beatley, T A Bibliography of Growth Management Sources (1970 Forward) Council of Planning Librarians, Chicago, IL (1985); Kelly, ED Managing Community Growth Praeger, Greenwood, CT (1993); Nelson, A C and Duncan, J B Growth Management Principles and Practices American Planning Association, Chicago, IL (1995)
30. Beatley, T A Bibliography of Growth Management Sources (1970 Forward) Council of Planning Librarians, Chicago, IL (1985); Kelly, ED Managing Community Growth Praeger, Greenwood, CT (1993); Nelson, A C and Duncan, J B Growth Management Principles and Practices American Planning Association, Chicago, IL (1995)
31. Burby, R J and Paterson, P G 'Improving compliance with state environmental regulations' Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 1992 12 (4) 753-772
32. ECO Northwest Urban Growth Management Report Department of Land Conservation and Development, Salem, OR (1991)
33. Johnston, R A, Schwartz, S I, and Tracy, S 'Growth phasing and resistance to infill development in Sacramento County' Journal of the American Planning Association 1984 50 (4) 434-446; Dalton, L C 'The limits of regulation: evidence from local plan implementation in California' Journal of the American Planning Association 1989 55 (2) 151-68; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1; Mazmanian and Sabatier op cit Ref 11
34. Johnston, R A, Schwartz, S I, and Tracy, S 'Growth phasing and resistance to infill development in Sacramento County' Journal of the American Planning Association 1984 50 (4) 434-446; Dalton, L C 'The limits of regulation: evidence from local plan implementation in California' Journal of the American Planning Association 1989 55 (2) 151-68; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1; Mazmanian and Sabatier op cit Ref 11
35. Johnston, R A, Schwartz, S I, and Tracy, S 'Growth phasing and resistance to infill development in Sacramento County' Journal of the American Planning Association 1984 50 (4) 434-446; Dalton, L C 'The limits of regulation: evidence from local plan implementation in California' Journal of the American Planning Association 1989 55 (2) 151-68; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1; Mazmanian and Sabatier op cit Ref 11
36. Johnston, R A, Schwartz, S I, and Tracy, S 'Growth phasing and resistance to infill development in Sacramento County' Journal of the American Planning Association 1984 50 (4) 434-446; Dalton, L C 'The limits of regulation: evidence from local plan implementation in California' Journal of the American Planning Association 1989 55 (2) 151-68; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1; Mazmanian and Sabatier op cit Ref 11
37. Burby and May op cit Ref 16
38. DeGrove op cit Ref 4; DeGrove op cit Ref 5; Gale op cit Ref 8
39. DeGrove op cit Ref 4; DeGrove op cit Ref 5; Gale op cit Ref 8
40. DeGrove op cit Ref 4; DeGrove op cit Ref 5; Gale op cit Ref 8
41. DeGrove op cit Ref 4
42. Leonard, J H Managing Oregon's Growth Conservation Foundation, Washington, DC (1983)
43. Little, C E The New Oregon Trail: An Account of the Passage of State Land-Use Legislation in Oregon The Conservation Foundation, Washington, DC (1974)
44. Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
45. Godwin, K and Shepard, B 'State land use policies: winners and losers' Environmental Law 1975 5 703-26
46. Babcock, R The Zoning Game: Municipal Practices and Policies University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI (1966); Davis, O 'Economic elements of municipal zoning decisions' Land Economics 39 375-86
47. Babcock, R The Zoning Game: Municipal Practices and Policies University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI (1966); Davis, O 'Economic elements of municipal zoning decisions' Land Economics 39 375-86
48. Liberty, R L 'An overview of the Oregon Planning Program' Paper presented at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA (1989); Burby and May op cit Ref 16
49. Liberty, R L 'An overview of the Oregon Planning Program' Paper presented at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA (1989); Burby and May op cit Ref 16
50. For such an evaluation, we refer the readers to Ref 1.
51. Johnston, R A, Schwartz, S I and Klinker, T F 'Successful plan implementation: the growth phasing program of Sacramento County' Journal of the American Institute of Planners 1978 44 (4) 412-23; Johnston et al, op cit Ref 21; Dalton op cit Ref 21
52. Johnston, R A, Schwartz, S I and Klinker, T F 'Successful plan implementation: the growth phasing program of Sacramento County' Journal of the American Institute of Planners 1978 44 (4) 412-23; Johnston et al, op cit Ref 21; Dalton op cit Ref 21
53. Johnston, R A, Schwartz, S I and Klinker, T F 'Successful plan implementation: the growth phasing program of Sacramento County' Journal of the American Institute of Planners 1978 44 (4) 412-23; Johnston et al, op cit Ref 21; Dalton op cit Ref 21
54. Nelson, A C 'Preserving prime farmland in the face of urbanization' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 467-488; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
55. Nelson, A C 'Preserving prime farmland in the face of urbanization' Journal of the American Planning Association 1992 58 (4) 467-488; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
56. This expectation is based in part on LCDC's definition of 'rural lands', which reads: 'Rural lands are those which are outside the urban growth boundary and are: (a) Non-urban agricultural, forest or open space lands or, (b) Other lands suitable for sparse settlement, small farms and acreage homesites with no or hardly any public services, and which are not suitable, necessary or intended for urban use'.
57. Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
58. Knaap, G J 'Self-interest and voter support for Oregon's land use controls' Journal of the American Planning Association 1987 53 (1) 92-97; Knaap, G J 'State land use planning and inclusionary zoning: evidence from Oregon' Journal of Planning Education and Research 1990 10 (1) 39-46; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
59. Knaap, G J 'Self-interest and voter support for Oregon's land use controls' Journal of the American Planning Association 1987 53 (1) 92-97; Knaap, G J 'State land use planning and inclusionary zoning: evidence from Oregon' Journal of Planning Education and Research 1990 10 (1) 39-46; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
60. Knaap, G J 'Self-interest and voter support for Oregon's land use controls' Journal of the American Planning Association 1987 53 (1) 92-97; Knaap, G J 'State land use planning and inclusionary zoning: evidence from Oregon' Journal of Planning Education and Research 1990 10 (1) 39-46; Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1
61. Rural residential densities allowed by zoning range from 1-to 10-acre minimum lot sizes. Most counties also allow development on existing lots - regardless of the minimum lot size that is otherwise required under rural residential zoning. Several counties allow for increased rural residential densities over those otherwise allowed by zoning in special circumstances (eg Deschutes County allows for 5-acre lots in its 'MUA-10' zone when the lot is located close to an UGB; Jackson County allows for lot divisions of less than the minimum lot size where there are existing dwelling units on a lot).
62. Knaap and Nelson op cit Ref 1; Nelson op cit Rel 33
63. The Metro 2040 planning process currently underway is an example of this attempt.
64. Faludi, A A Decision-Centred View of Environmental Planning Pergamon, Oxford (1987)