Satellite cloud classification and rain-rate estimation using multispectral radiances and measures of spatial texture

Journal of Applied Meteorology

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 839-858

  Uddstrom, Michael J ^a   Gray, Warren R ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD CLASSIFICATION; DOPPLER RADAR; RAIN RATE; SPATIAL RESOLUTION;

EID: 0030431084     PISSN: 08948763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0839:SCCARR>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Adler, R. F., and A. J. Negri, 1988: A satellite infrared technique to estimate tropical convective and stratiform rainfall. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 30-51.
2. Alishouse, J. C., R. R. Ferraro, and J. V. Fiore, 1990: Inference of oceanic rainfall properties from Nimbus 7 SMMR. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 551-560.
3. Arkin, P. A., 1979: The relationship between fractional coverage of high cloud and rainfall accumulations during GATE over the B-scale array. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1382-1387.
4. _, and B. N. Meisner, 1987: The relationship between large scale convective rainfall and cold cloud over the Western Hemisphere during 1982-1984. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 51-74.
5. Arking, A., and J. D. Childs, 1985: Retrieval of cloud cover parameters from multispectral satellite images. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 322-333.
6. Austin, P., 1987: Relationship between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1053-1070.
7. Barns, J. C., and M. D. Smallwood, 1982: TIROS-N Series Direct Readout Services Users Guide. NOAA, 131 pp.
8. Bellon, A., and G. L. Austin, 1978: The evaluation of two years of real-time operation of a short-term precipitation forecasting procedure (SHARP). J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1778-1787.
9. Bergeron, T., 1965: On the low-level redistribution of atmospheric water caused by orography. Supp. Proc. Int. Conf. Cloud Physics., Tokyo, Japan, IAMAP/WMO, 96-100.
10. Chou, J., R. C. Weger, J. M. Lightenberg, K.-S. Kuo, R. M. Welch, and P. Breeden, 1994: Segmentation of polar scenes using multispectral texture measures and morphological filtering. Int. J. Remote Sens., 15, 1019-1036.
11. Coakley, J. A., Jr., and F. P. Bretherton, 1982: Cloud cover from high-resolution scanner data: Detecting and allowing for partially filled fields of view. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4917-4932.
12. Collier, C. G., 1989: Applications of Weather Radar Systems. A Guide to Uses of Radar Data in Meteorology and Hydrology. Ellis Horwood Ltd., 194 pp.
13. d'Entremont, R. P., 1986: Low- and midlevel cloud analysis using nighttime multispectral imagery. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1853-1869.
14. Ebert, E., 1987: A pattern recognition technique for distinguishing surface and cloud types in polar regions. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 1412-1427.
15. _, and J. Le Marshall, 1995: An evaluation of infrared satellite rainfall estimation techniques over Australia. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 44, 177-190.
16. Garrand, L., 1988: Automated recognition of oceanic cloud patterns. Part I: Methodology and application to cloud climatology. J. Climate, 1, 20-39.
17. Gnanadesikan, R., 1977: Methods for Statistical Data Analysis of Multivariate Observations. John Wiley and Sons, 311 pp.
18. Gray, W. R., 1991a: Vertical profile corrections based on EOF analysis of operational data. Preprints, 25th Int. Radar Conf., Paris, France, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 821-823.
19. _, 1991b: The vertical profile of reflectivity and errors in radar estimates of rainfall. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, 202 pp.
20. Grody, N. C., 1991: Classification of snow and precipitation using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager. J. Geophvs. Res., 96, 7423-7435.
21. Gutman, G. G., 1988: A simple method for estimating monthly mean albedo of land surfaces from AVHRR data. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 973-988.
22. _, 1992: Satellite daytime image classification for global studies of earth's surface parameters from polar orbiters. Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 209-234.
23. Hildebrand, P. H., 1978: Iterative correction for attenuation of 5-cm radar in rain. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 508-514.
24. Hou, Y.-T., K. A. Campana, K. E. Mitchell, S.-K. Yang, and L. L. Stowe, 1993: Comparison of an experimental NOAA AVHRR cloud dataset with observed and forecast cloud datasets. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 833-849.
25. Hunt, G. E., 1973: Radiative properties of terrestrial clouds at visible and infrared thermal window wavelengths. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 346-369.
26. Inoue, T., 1985: On the temperature and effective emissivity determination of semitransparent cirrus clouds by bi-spectral measurements in the 10 μm window region. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63, 88-99.
27. _, 1987: An instantaneous delineation of convective rainfall areas using split-window data of NOAA-7 AVHRR. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 469-480.
28. Joss, J., and A. Waldvogel, 1990: Precipitation measurement and hydrology, a review. Radar in Meteorology, Battan Memory Volume, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 577-606.
29. Karlsson. K.-G., 1990: The use of cloud and precipitation information, derived from multispectral analysis of AVHRR data, in nowcasting and for models. Preprints, Fifth Conf. on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography. London, England. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 345-348.
30. _, 1994: Satellite-estimated cloudiness from NOAA AVHRR data in the Nordic area during 1993. SMHI Rep., Meteorology and Climatology, No. 66, 51 pp.
31. Kidson, J., J. Couper, and M. Uddstrom, 1992: Interactive visualization at the New Zealand Meteorological Service. Proc. Eighth Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 132-134.
32. Kitchen, M., R. Brown, and A. G. Davies, 1994: Real-time correction of weather radar data for the effects of bright band, range and orographic growth in widespread precipitation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1231-1254.
33. Laws, J. O., and D. A. Parsons, 1943: The relation of raindrop size to intensity. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union. 24, 452-160.
34. Lee, T. F., 1995: Images of precipitation signatures from DMSP SSM/T-2, SSM/I, and OLS. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 788-793.
35. Lovejoy, S., and G. L. Austin, 1979: The delineation of rain areas from visible and IR satellite data for GATE and mid-latitudes. Atmos.-Ocean, 17, 77-92.
36. Marrocu, M., A. Pompei, G. Dalu, L. Liberti, and A. Negri, 1993: Precipitation estimation over Sardinia from satellite infrared data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 14, 115-134.
37. McClain, E. P., C. C. Walton, and L. L. Stowe, 1990: CLAVR cloud/ clear algorithms and nonlinear atmospheric corrections for multi-channel sea surface temperatures. Preprints, Fifth Conf. on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, London, England. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 133-138.
38. Molnar, G., and J. A. Coakley Jr., 1985: Retrieval of cloud cover from satellite imagery data: A statistical approach, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12 960-12 970.
39. Morrissey, M. L., and Y. Wang, 1995: Verifying satellite microwave rainfall estimates over the open ocean, J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 794-804.
40. Murphy, A. H., and R. W. Katz, 1985: Probability, Statistics and Decision-Making in the Atmospheric Sciences. Westview Press, 545 pp.
41. Negri, A. J., R. F. Adler, and P. J. Wetzel, 1984: Satellite rain estimation: An analysis of the Griffith-Woodley technique. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 102-116.
42. Ohring, G., P. F. Clapp, T. R. Headdinghouse, and A. F. Kruger, 1981: The quasi global distribution of the sensitivity of the earth-atmosphere radiation budget to clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2539-2541.
43. Olesen, F.-S., and H. Grassl, 1985: Cloud detection and classification over oceans at night with NOAA-7. Int. J. Remote. Sens., 6, 1435-1444.
44. Parikh, J., 1977: A comparative study of cloud classification techniques. Remote Sens. Environ., 6, 67-81.
45. Planet, W. G., Ed., 1988: Data extraction and calibration of TIROS-N/NOAA Radiometers. NOAA Tech. Memo. NESS 107-Rev 1.
46. Prabhakara, C., G. Dalu, R. Suhasini, J. J. Nucciarone, and G. L. Liberti, 1992: Rainfall over oceans: Remote sensing from satellite microwave radiometers. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 47, 177-199.
47. Puri, K., and N. E. Davidson, 1992: The use of infrared satellite cloud imagery data as proxy data for moisture and diabatic heating in data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2329-2341.
48. Rao, C. R. N., and J. Chen, 1993: Calibration of the visible and nearinfrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) after launch. Proc. Recent Advances in Sensors, Radiometric Calibration, and Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, Orlando, FL, SPIE 1938, 56-66.
49. Rosenfeld, D., and G. Gutman, 1994: Retrieving microphysical properties near the tops of potential rain clouds by multispectral analysis of AVHRR data. Atmos. Res., 34, 259-283.
50. Saunders, R. W., and K. T. Kriebel, 1988: An improved method for detecting clear sky and cloudy radiances from AVHRR data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 9, 123-150.
51. Spencer, R. W., 1986: A satellite passive 37 GHz scattering-based method for measuring oceanic rain rates. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 754-766.
52. _, B. B. Hinton, and W. S. Olson, 1983: Nimbus-7 37 GHz radiances correllated with radar rain rates over the Gulf of Mexico. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 2095-2099.
53. Stephens, G. L., and T. J. Greenwald, 1991: The earth's radiation budget and its relation to atmospheric hydrology. Part II: Observations of cloud effects. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15 325-15 340.
54. Stowe, L. L., E. P. McClain, R. Carey, P. Pellegrino, G. G. Gutman, P. Davis, C. Long, and S. Hart, 1991: Global distribution of cloud cover derived from NOAA/AVHRR operational satellite data. Adv. Space Res., 11, 51-54.
55. Tovinkere, V. R., M. Penaloza, A. Logar, J. Lee, R. C. Weger, T. A. Berendes, and R. M. Welch, 1993: An intercomparison of artificial intelligence approaches for polar scene identification. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5001-5016.
56. Tukey, J. W., 1977: Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley, 506 pp.
57. Welch. R. M., S. K. Sengupta, and K. S. Kuo, 1988: Marine stratocumulus cloud fields off the coast of southern California observed using Landsat imagery. Part II: Textural analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 363-378.
58. Weszka, J. S., C. R. Dyer, and A. Rosenfeld, 1976: A comparative study of texture measures for terrain classification. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern., SMC-6, 269-285.
59. Wright, B. J., and B. W. Golding, 1990: The interactive mesoscale assimilation. Meteor. Mag., 119, 234-243.
60. Wu, R., J. A. Weinman, and R. T. Chin, 1985: Determination of rainfall rates from GOES satellite images by a pattern recognition technique. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 314-330.
61. WMO, 1978: JOC Study Conf. on Parameterization of Extended Cloudiness and Radiation for Climate Models, Oxford, England, GARP Climate Dyn., 43 pp.
62. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1995: An intercomparison of gauge observations and satellite estimates of monthly precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1143-1160. JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY VOLUME 35