Forcing the insanity defense on unwilling defendants: Best interests and the dignity of the law

Journal of Psychiatry and Law

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 487-509

  Miller, Robert D ^b   Olin, Jonathan ^b   Johnson, David ^b   Doidge, John ^b   Iverson, David ^b   Fantone, Emmanuel ^b  

^a Colorado Mental Health Institute at Pueblo   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COURT; CRIMINAL LAW; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HUMAN; LAW SUIT; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; OFFENDER; REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0030428796     PISSN: 00931853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009318539602400402     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Miller, R.D., "The Imposition of an Insanity Plea on an Unwilling Defendant." In Rosner, R., ed., Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry (Chapman and Hall, 1994).
2. Slater, D. & Hans, D.P., "Public Opinion of Forensic Psychiatry Following the Hinckley Verdict." American Journal of Psychiatry 141:675-679, 1984. See also Pasewark, R.A. & Pantle, M.L., "Insanity Plea: Legislators' View." American Journal of Psychiatry 136:222-223, 1979.
3. Slater, D. & Hans, D.P., "Public Opinion of Forensic Psychiatry Following the Hinckley Verdict." American Journal of Psychiatry 141:675-679, 1984. See also Pasewark, R.A. & Pantle, M.L., "Insanity Plea: Legislators' View." American Journal of Psychiatry 136:222-223, 1979.
4. McGinley, H. & Pasewark, R.A., "National Survey of the Frequency and Success of the Insanity Plea and Alternate Pleas." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 17:205-221, 1989.
5. Pantle, M.L., Pasewark, R.A. & Steadman, H.J., "Comparing Institutionalization Periods and Subsequent Arrests of Insanity Acquittees and Convicted Felons." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 8:305-316, 1980. See also Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E. & Cormier, C.A., "Length of Detention in Matched Groups of Insanity Acquittees and Convicted Offenders." International Journal of Law & Psychiatry 14:223-236, 1991.
6. Pantle, M.L., Pasewark, R.A. & Steadman, H.J., "Comparing Institutionalization Periods and Subsequent Arrests of Insanity Acquittees and Convicted Felons." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 8:305-316, 1980. See also Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E. & Cormier, C.A., "Length of Detention in Matched Groups of Insanity Acquittees and Convicted Offenders." International Journal of Law & Psychiatry 14:223-236, 1991.
7. Olin, J.A., Pitt, S.E., Ball, E.M., Miller, R.D., Bevan, G. & Bennett, C., "The Validity of Colorado NGRI Findings." Presented at the 23rd annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Boston, October 16, 1992.
8. Steadman, H.J. & Cocozza, J., Careers of the Criminally Insane (Lexington Books, 1974).
9. Miller, R.D. & Kaplan, L.V., "Representation by Counsel: Right or Obligation?" Behavioral Sciences & the Law 10:395-406, 1992.
10. Overholser v. Lynch, 288 F.2d 388 (D.C.App. 1961) (en banc); rev'd on other grounds sub nom. Lynch v. Overholser, 369 U.S. 705 (1962).
11. Whalem v. United States, 346 F.2d 812 (en banc), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 862 (1966).
12. United States v. Robertson, 507 F.2d 1148 (D.C.App. 1974).
13. Frendak v. United States, 408 A.2d 364 (D.C.App. 1979).
14. North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970).
15. Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806 (1975).
16. Anderson v. Sorrell, 481 A.2d 766 (D.C.App. 1984).
17. Davis v. United States, 160 U.S. 469 (1895).
18. Brookhart v. Janis, 384 U.S. 1, 7 (1966).
19. State v. Dodd, 424 P.2d 302 (Wash. 1967); State v. Jones, 664 P.2d 1216 (Wash. 1983).
20. People v. Redmond, 16 Cal.App.3d, 94 Cal. Rptr. 542 (1971); People v. Gauze, 542 P.2d 1365 (Cal. 1975).
21. White v. State, 299 A.2d 873 (Md.App. 1973); Treece v. Maryland, 547 A.2d 1054 (Md.App. 1988).
22. Anderson v. State, 493 S.W.2d 681 (Mo.App. 1973).
23. Hooks v. State, 366 N.E.2d 645 (Ind. 1977).
24. State v. Lowenfield, 495 So.2d 1245 (La. 1985).
25. People v. McMillan, 622 N.Y.S.2d 935 (N.Y.App. 1995).
26. Snyder v. Cunningham, 292 F.2d 683, 685 (4th Cir. 1961).
27. State v. Strasburg, 110 P. 1020 (Wash. 1910); State v. Kolocotronis, 436 P.2d 774 (Wash. 1968); State v. Smith, 564 P.2d 1154 (Wash. 1977).
28. State v. Hermann, 283 S.W.2d 617 (Mo. 1955).
29. People v. Merkouris, 297 P.2d 999 (Cal. 1956).
30. State v. Hall, 125 N.W.2d 918 (Neb. 1964).
31. State v. Fernald, 248 A.2d 754 (Me. 1968).
32. State v. Gadson, 372 A.2d 1143 (N.J. Super. 1973); State v. Khan, 417 A.2d 585 (N.J.Super., App.Div., 1980).
33. List v. State, 308 A.2d 451 (Md.App. 1973); vacated on other grounds, 316 A.2d 824 (1974); Walker v. State, 321 A.2d 170 (Md.App. 1974).
34. State v. Pautz, 217 N.W.2d 190 (Minn. 1974).
35. People v. Gettings, 530 N.E.2d 647 (111.App. 1988).
36. Plummer v. United States, 260 F.2d 729 (1958); United States v. Ashe, 478 F.2d 661 (D.C.App. 1973); United States v. Wright, 627 F.2d 1300 (D.C. Cir. 1980).
37. Trest v. United States, 350 F.2d 794 (D.C.App. 1968) (per curiam); cert. denied, 382 U.S. 1018 (1966); Cross v. United States, 389 F.2d 957 (D.C.App. 1968); United States v. Bradley, 463 F.2d 808 (D.C.App. 1972) (per curiam); United States v. Simms, 463 F.2d 1273 (D.C.App. 1972).
38. Mendenhall v. Hopper, 453 F.Supp. 977 (S.D. Ga. 1978); United States ex rel. Laudati v. Ternullo, 423 F.Supp. 1210 (S.D.N.Y. 1976); People v. Gonzales, 229 N.E.2d 538 (N.Y. 1967); cert. denied, 390 U.S. 971 (1968); People v. Baxter, 32 A.D.2d 840, 302 N.Y.S.2d 456 (1969); State v. Johnston, 527 P.2d 1310 (Wash. 1974).
39. Cohn, D.S., "Offensive Use of the Insanity Defense: Imposing the Insanity Defense Over the Defendant's Objection." Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 15:295-318, 1988.
40. See note 34, supra.
41. "Note, the Right and Responsibility of a Court to Impose the Insanity Defense Over the Defendant's Objection." Minnesota Law Review 65:927-960, 1981.
42. Resnick, P.J., "The Political Offender: Forensic Psychiatry Considerations." Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 6:388-397, 1978.
43. Katner, D.R., "Raising the Insanity Defense." In Uphoff, R.J., ed., Ethical Problems Facing the Criminal Lawyer. (American Bar Association, 1995, pp. 48-61.)
44. American Bar Association, Model Code of Professional Responsibility (ABA, 1969).
45. American Bar Association, Model Rules of Professional Conduct (ABA, 1983).
46. See note 10, supra.
47. See note 30, supra.
48. Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 (1938).
49. Miller, R.D., Olin, J., Bevan, G. & Covey, J., "Public Evaluations of Unrepresented Defendants." Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 23:93-103, 1995. See also Miller, R.D., "Commitment to Outpatient Treatment: A National Survey." Hospital & Community Psychiatry 36:265-267, 1985.
50. Miller, R.D., Olin, J., Bevan, G. & Covey, J., "Public Evaluations of Unrepresented Defendants." Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 23:93-103, 1995. See also Miller, R.D., "Commitment to Outpatient Treatment: A National Survey." Hospital & Community Psychiatry 36:265-267, 1985.
51. See Miller et al., 1995, note 47, supra.
52. Boyd v. People, 116 P.2d 193 (Colo. 1941).
53. Les v. Meredith, 561 P.2d 1256 (Colo. 1977) (en banc).
54. Labor v. Gibson, 578 P.2d 1059 (Colo. 1978).
55. People v. Lopez, 640 P.2d 275 (Colo. App. 1981).
56. People v. Benns, 641 P.2d 298 (Colo. App. 1981).
57. Colorado Revised Statutes, Sec. 16-8-103. Denver: Bradford Publishing, 1990.
58. Nevada has since abolished its insanity defense.
59. See Miller, 1985, note 47, supra.
60. Those states are Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Washington and Wyoming.