Hurricane Andrew's landfall in South Florida. Part II: Surface wind fields and potential real-time applications

Weather and Forecasting

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 329-349

  Powell, Mark D ^a   Houston, Samuel H ^a  

^a NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HURRICANES; WIND FIELDS; WIND SPEEDS;

DISASTER MITIGATION; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; HAZARD MITIGATION; HURRICANE; HURRICANE ANDREW; NATURAL HAZARD; STORM TRACK; SURFACE WIND; WIND FIELD; WIND VELOCITY;

USA, FLORIDA;

EID: 0030428612     PISSN: 08828156     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0434(1996)011<0329:HALISF>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. AMS, 1993: Policy statement: Hurricane detection, tracking, and forecasting. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1377-1380.
2. Anthes, R. A., 1982: Tropical Cyclones. Their Evolution, Structure and Effects, Meteor. Monogr., No. 41, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 208 pp.
3. ASCE, 1994: Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7-93, American Society of Civil Engineers, 134 pp. [Available from ASCE Publications Office, 345 E 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2398.]
4. Black, P., R. McIntosh, C. Swift, J. Carswell, K. St. Germain, I. Popstefanija, and M. Goodberlet, 1995: Ocean surface wind, stress and rain rate measurements in tropical cyclones from concurrent airborne microwave scatterometer and radiometer observations. Preprints, 27th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 623-625.
5. Burpee, R. W., and Coauthors, 1994: Real-time guidance provided by NOAA's Hurricane Research Division to forecasters during Emily of 1993. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1765-1783.
6. Crandell, J. H., 1993: Assessment of damage to single-family homes caused by Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki. HUD-PD&R-1432, 127 pp. [Available from U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC 20410-6000.]
7. DeMaria, M., S. M. Aberson, K. V. Ooyama, and S. J. Lord, 1992: A nested spectral model for hurricane track forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1628-1643.
8. Dodge, P., M. Black, P. Leighton, B. Cristoe, F. D. Marks Jr., and R. Burpee, 1993: Time-lapse radar images of Hurricane Andrew's landfalls. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 163-166.
9. Doswell, C. A., III, and D. W. Burgess, 1988: On some issues of United States tornado climatology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 495-501.
10. Durst, C. S., 1960: Wind speeds over short periods of time. Meteor. Mag., 89, 181-186.
11. Fletcher, R. D., J. R. Smith, and R. C. Bundgaard, 1961: Superior photographic reconnaissance of tropical cyclones. Weatherwise, 14,102-109.
12. Forbes, G. S., and R. M. Wakimoto, 1983: A concentrated outbreak of tornadoes, downbursts and microbursts, and implications regarding vortex classification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 220-235.
13. Franklin, J. L., S. J. Lord, and F. D. Marks Jr., 1988: Dropwindsonde and radar observations of the eye of Hurricane Gloria ( 1985). Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1237-1244.
14. _, _, S. E. Feuer, and F. D. Marks, 1993: The kinematic structure of Hurricane Gloria (1985) determined from nested analyses of dropwindsonde and Doppler data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2433-2451.
15. Fujita, T. T., 1971: Proposed characterization of tornados and hurricanes by area and intensity. SMRP Research Paper 91, Dept. of Geophys. Sci., University of Chicago, 42 pp.
16. _, 1992a: Damage survey of Hurricane Andrew in south Florida. Storm Data, 34, 25-30. [Available from NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Federal Building, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801-5001.]
17. _, 1992b: Mystery of Severe Storms. 298 pp. [Available from Wind Research Laboratory, Dept. of Geophysical Sciences, 5734 Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637.]
18. Griffin, J. S., R. W. Burpee, F. D. Marks Jr., and J. L. Franklin, 1992: Real-time airborne analysis of aircraft data supporting operational hurricane forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 480-490.
19. Houston, S. H., and M. D. Powell, 1994: Observed and modeled water level response from Tropical Storm Marco ( 1990). Wea. Forecasting, 9, 427-439.
20. Jensen, R. E., S. H. Houston, C. L. Vincent, and M. D. Powell, 1993: Evaluation of a third generation wave model for the U.S. Atlantic coast. Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis, Proc. Second Int. Symp., New Orleans, LA, ASCE, 433-447.
21. Jeslesnianski, C. P., J. Chen, and W. A. Shaffer, 1992: SLOSH: Sea, lake, and overland surges from hurricanes. NOAA Tech. Rep. NWS 48, Silver Spring, MD, 71 pp. [ Available from Techniques Development Lab-NWS, 1325 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910.]
22. Jordan, C. L., 1961: Marked changes in the characteristics of the eye of intense typhoons between the deepening and filling stages. J Meteor., 18, 779-789.
23. Jorgensen, D. P., E. J. Zipser, and M. A. LeMone, 1985: Vertical motions in intense hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 839-856.
24. Kaplan, J., and M. DeMaria, 1995: A simple empirical model for predicting the decay of tropical cyclone wind fields after landfall. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2499-2512.
25. Krayer, W. R., and R. D. Marshall, 1992: Gust factors applied to hurricane winds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 613-617.
26. Lord, S. J., and J. L. Franklin, 1987: The environment of Hurricane Debby. Part I: Winds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2760-2780.
27. Malkus, J. S., and H. Riehl, 1960: On the dynamics and energy transformations in steady-state hurricanes. Tellus, 12, 1-20.
28. Mayfield, M., L. A. Avila, and E. N. Rappaport, 1994: The Atlantic hurricane season of 1992. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 517-538.
29. Miller, B. I., 1964: A study on the filling of Hurricane Donna (1960) over land. Mon. Wea. Rev., 92, 389-406.
30. Minor, J. E., J. R. McDonald, and K. C. Mehta, 1977: Engineering oriented examinations of the tornado phenomenon. Preprints, 1Oth Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Omaha, NE, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 438-445.
31. Ooyama, K. V., 1987: Scale-controlled objective analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2479-2506.
32. Parrish, J. R., R. W. Burpee, F. D. Marks Jr., and R. Grebe, 1982: Rainfall patterns observed by digitized radar during the landfall of Hurricane Frederic (1979). Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1933-1944.
33. Pasch, R. J., and E. N. Rappaport, 1995: Atlantic hurricane season of 1993. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 871-886.
34. Powell, M. D., 1982: The transition of the Hurricane Frederic boundary layer wind field from the open Gulf of Mexico to landfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1912-1932.
35. _, 1987: Changes in the low-level kinematic and thermodynamic structure of Hurricane Alicia (1983) at landfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 75-99.
36. _, P. P. Dodge, and M. L. Black, 1991: The landfall of Hurricane Hugo in the Carolinas: Surface wind distribution. Wea. Forecasting, 6, 379-399.
37. _, S. H. Houston, and T. Reinhold, 1996: Hurricane Andrew's landfall in south Florida. Part I: Standardizing measurements for documentation of surface wind fields. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 304-328.
38. Rappaport, E. N., 1994: Hurricane Andrew. Weather, 49, 51 -61.
39. Roux, F., F. D. Marks Jr., and J. F. Gamache, 1991: Three-dimensional circulation in a hurricane from airborne Doppler radar data: Extended velocity track display. Preprints, 25th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Paris, France, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 466-469.
40. Sheets, R. C., 1990: The National Hurricane Center - Past, present, and future. Wea. Forecasting, 5, 185-232.
41. Simpson, R. H., and H. Riehl, 1981: The Hurricane and Its Impact. Louisiana State University Press, 398 pp.
42. Tanner, A., C. T. Swift, and P. G. Black, 1987: Operational airborne remote sensing of wind speeds in hurricanes. Extended Abstracts, 17th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 385-387.
43. Tuleya, R. E., 1994: Tropical storm development and decay: Sensitivity to surface boundary conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 291-304.
44. _, and Y. Kurihara, 1978: A numerical simulation of the landfall of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 242-257.
45. _, M. A. Bender, and Y. Kurihara, 1984: A simulation study of the landfall of tropical cyclones using a movable nested-mesh model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 124-136.
46. Wakimoto, R. M., and P. G. Black, 1993: Damage survey of Hurricane Andrew and its relationship to the eyewall. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 189-200. [Poster available from NOAA/ HRD, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149.]
47. WAMDI Group, 1988: The WAM model - A third-generation ocean wave prediction model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1775-1810.
48. Willoughby, H. E., and P. G. Black, 1996: Hurricane Andrew in Florida: Dynamics of a disaster. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 543-549.
49. _, J. M. Masters, and C. W. Landsea, 1989: A record sea level pressure observed in Hurricane Gilbert. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2824-2828.
50. Wilson, J. W., 1986: Tornadogenesis by nonprecipitation induced wind shear lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 270-284.
51. Zollo, R. F., 1993: Hurricane Andrew: August 24, 1992: Structural performance of buildings in Dade County, Florida. Dept. of Civil and Architectural Engineering Tech. Rep. CEN 93-1, 69 pp. [Available from Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Miami, McArthur Bldg., Coral Gables, FL 33124.]