메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 361-374

The characteristics of lightning occurrence in Southern Germany

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIGHTNING; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; THUNDERSTORM;

EID: 0030425538     PISSN: 00058173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 4243101329 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen über Gewitter und Hagel in Süddeutschland (Periode 1893-1907)
    • A. Buchholz, München
    • Alt, E., and L. Weickmann, 1910: Untersuchungen über Gewitter und Hagel in Süddeutschland (Periode 1893-1907), in Deutsches Meteorologisches Jahrbuch, vol. XXXI, pp. C1-C31, A. Buchholz, München.
    • (1910) Deutsches Meteorologisches Jahrbuch , vol.31
    • Alt, E.1    Weickmann, L.2
  • 2
    • 0021649630 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical evaluations and initial operational experiences of LPATS (lightning position and tracking system) to monitor lightning ground strikes using a time-of-arrival (TOA) technique
    • June 3-8, Albany, N.Y.
    • Bent, R. B., and W. A. Lyons, 1984: Theoretical evaluations and initial operational experiences of LPATS (lightning position and tracking system) to monitor lightning ground strikes using a time-of-arrival (TOA) technique, in VII International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, pp. 317-328, June 3-8, Albany, N.Y.
    • (1984) VII International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity , pp. 317-328
    • Bent, R.B.1    Lyons, W.A.2
  • 3
  • 4
    • 0000019895 scopus 로고
    • The electrical structure of Hokuriku winter thunderstorms
    • Brook, M., M. Nakano, P. Krehbiel, and T: Takeuti, 1982: The electrical structure of Hokuriku winter thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1207-1215.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 1207-1215
    • Brook, M.1    Nakano, M.2    Krehbiel, P.3    Takeuti, T.4
  • 5
    • 0022165209 scopus 로고
    • Secular variations in thunder-day frequencies in the twentieth century
    • Changnon, S. A., 1985: Secular variations in thunder-day frequencies in the twentieth century, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6181-6194.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 6181-6194
    • Changnon, S.A.1
  • 6
    • 0042504811 scopus 로고
    • Relations of thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning frequencies
    • Changnon, S. A., 1989: Relations of thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning frequencies, J. Climate, 2, 897-921.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 897-921
    • Changnon, S.A.1
  • 7
    • 0027388483 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning in United States
    • Changnon, S. A., 1993: Relationships between thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning in United States, J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 88-105.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.32 , pp. 88-105
    • Changnon, S.A.1
  • 10
    • 0007624644 scopus 로고
    • The Environment of the Storms
    • Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado
    • Fankhauser, J. C., and C. Wade, 1982: The Environment of the Storms, in Hailstorms of the Central High Plains, pp. 5-15, Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1982) Hailstorms of the Central High Plains , pp. 5-15
    • Fankhauser, J.C.1    Wade, C.2
  • 14
    • 0003569865 scopus 로고
    • Witterung und Klima in Deutschland
    • S. Hirzel, Leipzig
    • Flohn, H., 1942: Witterung und Klima in Deutschland, vol. 41 of Forschungen zur Deutschen Landeskunde, S. Hirzel, Leipzig.
    • (1942) Forschungen Zur Deutschen Landeskunde , vol.41
    • Flohn, H.1
  • 15
    • 0024837241 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxides produced from lightning
    • Franzblau, E., and C. J. Popp, 1989: Nitric oxides produced from lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 94 (D8), 11,089-11,104.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , Issue.D8
    • Franzblau, E.1    Popp, C.J.2
  • 16
    • 0001969204 scopus 로고
    • Sensor fusion technique for predicting thunderstorm evolution using lightning and radar networks
    • Paris, France
    • Goodman, S. J., 1991: Sensor fusion technique for predicting thunderstorm evolution using lightning and radar networks, in 25th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, pp. 97-102, Paris, France.
    • (1991) 25th International Conference on Radar Meteorology , pp. 97-102
    • Goodman, S.J.1
  • 18
    • 0024808322 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the coastal area of the Sea of Japan
    • Hojo, J., M. Ishii, T. Kawamura, and F. Suzuki, 1989: Seasonal variation of cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the coastal area of the Sea of Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 94 (D11), 13,207-13,212.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , Issue.D11
    • Hojo, J.1    Ishii, M.2    Kawamura, T.3    Suzuki, F.4
  • 20
    • 0000267193 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale organization and hailfall characteristics of deep convection in southern Germany
    • Höller, H., 1994: Mesoscale organization and hailfall characteristics of deep convection in southern Germany, Beitr. Phys. Atmosph., 67, 219-234.
    • (1994) Beitr. Phys. Atmosph. , vol.67 , pp. 219-234
    • Höller, H.1
  • 21
    • 0001844346 scopus 로고
    • The Munich hailstorm of July 12,1984-convective development and preliminary hailstone analysis
    • Höller, H., and M. E. Reinhardt, 1986: The Munich hailstorm of July 12,1984-convective development and preliminary hailstone analysis, Beitr. Phys. Atmosph., 59, 1-12.
    • (1986) Beitr. Phys. Atmosph. , vol.59 , pp. 1-12
    • Höller, H.1    Reinhardt, M.E.2
  • 22
    • 0000909045 scopus 로고
    • Life cycle and precipitation formation in a hybrid-type hailstorm revealed by polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements
    • Höller, H., V. N. Bringi, J. Hubbert, M. Hagen, and P. F. Meischner, 1994: Life cycle and precipitation formation in a hybrid-type hailstorm revealed by polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2500-2522.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 2500-2522
    • Höller, H.1    Bringi, V.N.2    Hubbert, J.3    Hagen, M.4    Meischner, P.F.5
  • 24
    • 0022842608 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal and spatial variability of lightning activity in northeastern Colorado and central Florida during the summer
    • Lopez, R. E., and R. L. Holle, 1986: Diurnal and spatial variability of lightning activity in northeastern Colorado and central Florida during the summer, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 1288-1312.
    • (1986) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 1288-1312
    • Lopez, R.E.1    Holle, R.L.2
  • 25
    • 0026278177 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the signal strength of positive and negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in northeastern Colorado
    • Lopez, R. E., M. W. Maier, and R. L. Holle, 1991: Comparison of the signal strength of positive and negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in northeastern Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 96 (D12), 22,307-22,318.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , Issue.D12
    • Lopez, R.E.1    Maier, M.W.2    Holle, R.L.3
  • 26
    • 0028552286 scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal variation of lightning occurrence characteristics
    • Mackerras, D., and M. Darveniza, 1994: Latitudinal variation of lightning occurrence characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D5), 10,813-10,821.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D5
    • Mackerras, D.1    Darveniza, M.2
  • 27
    • 0026283085 scopus 로고
    • Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States - 1989
    • Orville, R. E., 1991: Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States - 1989, Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 573-577.
    • (1991) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.119 , pp. 573-577
    • Orville, R.E.1
  • 28
    • 7744229362 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the contiguous United States: 1989-1991
    • Orville, R. E., 1994: Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the contiguous United States: 1989-1991, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D5), 10,833-10,841.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D5
    • Orville, R.E.1
  • 29
    • 0022825638 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978
    • Orville, R. E., and R. W. Henderson, 1986: Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 2640-2653.
    • (1986) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 2640-2653
    • Orville, R.E.1    Henderson, R.W.2
  • 30
    • 0018691361 scopus 로고
    • Global lightning flash frequency
    • Orville, R. E., and D. W. Spengler, 1979: Global lightning flash frequency, Mon. Weather Rev., 107, 934-943.
    • (1979) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.107 , pp. 934-943
    • Orville, R.E.1    Spengler, D.W.2
  • 32
    • 0041511050 scopus 로고
    • Die geographische Verteilung der Tage mit Gewitter in Mitteleuropa
    • Pelz, J., 1984: Die geographische Verteilung der Tage mit Gewitter in Mitteleuropa, Beilage zur Berliner Wetterkarte, 48 (12), 32 pp.
    • (1984) Beilage Zur Berliner Wetterkarte , vol.48 , Issue.12
    • Pelz, J.1
  • 33
    • 0027067268 scopus 로고
    • Some characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in tropical northern Australia
    • Petersen, W. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 1992: Some characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in tropical northern Australia, J. Geophys. Res, 97 (D11), 11,553-11,560.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res , vol.97 , Issue.D11
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Rutledge, S.A.2
  • 34
    • 0000692446 scopus 로고
    • The ratio of cloud to cloud-ground lightning flashes in thunderstorms
    • Prentice, S. A., and D. Mackerras, 1977: The ratio of cloud to cloud-ground lightning flashes in thunderstorms, J. Appl. Meteor, 16, 545-550.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.16 , pp. 545-550
    • Prentice, S.A.1    Mackerras, D.2
  • 35
    • 0028560171 scopus 로고
    • Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distribution and frequencies
    • Price, C., and D. Rind, 1994: Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distribution and frequencies, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D5), 10,823-10,831.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D5
    • Price, C.1    Rind, D.2
  • 36
    • 0024849871 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning: Climatological characteristics and relationships to model fields, radar observations, and severe local storms
    • Reap, R. M., and D. R. MacGorman, 1989: Cloud-to-ground lightning: Climatological characteristics and relationships to model fields, radar observations, and severe local storms, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 518-535.
    • (1989) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 518-535
    • Reap, R.M.1    MacGorman, D.R.2
  • 38
    • 0001187894 scopus 로고
    • Results of spatial and temporal characterization of the VHF-UHF radiation of lightning
    • Richard, P., A. Delannoy, G. Labaune, and P. Laroche, 1986: Results of spatial and temporal characterization of the VHF-UHF radiation of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 91 (D1), 1248-1260.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , Issue.D1 , pp. 1248-1260
    • Richard, P.1    Delannoy, A.2    Labaune, G.3    Laroche, P.4
  • 39
    • 4243174339 scopus 로고
    • Acceptance of lightning detectors and localization systems under different damping conditions
    • Schütte, T., E. Pister, D. Filipovic, and S. Israelsson, 1987: Acceptance of lightning detectors and localization systems under different damping conditions, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 401-410.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 401-410
    • Schütte, T.1    Pister, E.2    Filipovic, D.3    Israelsson, S.4
  • 40
    • 0028671986 scopus 로고
    • Identification of aviation weather hazards based on the integration of radar and lightning data
    • Stern, A. D., R. H. Brady, P. D. Moore, and G. M. Carter, 1994: Identification of aviation weather hazards based on the integration of radar and lightning data, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75 (12), 2269-2280.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , Issue.12 , pp. 2269-2280
    • Stern, A.D.1    Brady, R.H.2    Moore, P.D.3    Carter, G.M.4
  • 42
    • 2642512163 scopus 로고
    • On the occurrence of positive ground flashes
    • Takagi, N., T. Takeuti, and T. Nakai, 1986: On the occurrence of positive ground flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 91 (D9), 9905-9909.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , Issue.D9 , pp. 9905-9909
    • Takagi, N.1    Takeuti, T.2    Nakai, T.3
  • 43
    • 0004212812 scopus 로고
    • The Lightning Discharge
    • Academic Press, Inc.
    • Uman, M. A., 1987: The Lightning Discharge, International Geophysics Series, Academic Press, Inc., 377 pp.
    • (1987) International Geophysics Series
    • Uman, M.A.1
  • 44
    • 0021658755 scopus 로고
    • The winter electric climate of China in the past 2200 years
    • June 3-8, Albany, N.Y.
    • Wang, P. K., 1984: The winter electric climate of China in the past 2200 years, in VII International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, pp. 348-351, June 3-8, Albany, N.Y.
    • (1984) VII International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity , pp. 348-351
    • Wang, P.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.