메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 907-924

Upgrading the North American Upper-Air Observing Network: What are the Possibilities?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR OBSERVING NETWORK; METHOD EVALUATION; NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RAWINSONDE NETWORK; WEATHER FORECAST;

EID: 0030425216     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0907:UTNAUA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0000027862 scopus 로고
    • Water vapor transfer over the North American Continent
    • Benton, G. S., and M. Estoque, 1954: Water vapor transfer over the North American Continent. J. Meteor., 11, 462-477.
    • (1954) J. Meteor. , vol.11 , pp. 462-477
    • Benton, G.S.1    Estoque, M.2
  • 3
    • 0028602325 scopus 로고
    • The new NMC mesoscale eta model: Description and forecast examples
    • Black, T. L., 1994: The new NMC mesoscale eta model: Description and forecast examples. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 265-278.
    • (1994) Wea. Forecasting , vol.9 , pp. 265-278
    • Black, T.L.1
  • 4
    • 0002643222 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic analysis of the VVP single-Doppler retrieval technique
    • Boccippio, D. J., 1995: A diagnostic analysis of the VVP single-Doppler retrieval technique. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 230-248.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.12 , pp. 230-248
    • Boccippio, D.J.1
  • 5
    • 0006760724 scopus 로고
    • Case study of thunderstorm activity in relation to the low-level jet
    • Bonner, W. D., 1966: Case study of thunderstorm activity in relation to the low-level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 94, 167-178.
    • (1966) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.94 , pp. 167-178
    • Bonner, W.D.1
  • 6
    • 0003143349 scopus 로고
    • NMC overview: Recent progress and future plans
    • _, 1989: NMC overview: Recent progress and future plans. Wea. Forecasting, 4, 275-285.
    • (1989) Wea. Forecasting , vol.4 , pp. 275-285
  • 7
    • 84977706563 scopus 로고
    • New technology and numerical weather prediction - A wasted opportunity?
    • Brooks, H. E., and C. A. Doswell III, 1993: New technology and numerical weather prediction - A wasted opportunity? Weather, 48, 173-177.
    • (1993) Weather , vol.48 , pp. 173-177
    • Brooks, H.E.1    Doswell III, C.A.2
  • 8
    • 0000717247 scopus 로고
    • On the use of mesoscale and cloud-scale models in operational forecasting
    • _, _, and R. A. Maddox, 1992: On the use of mesoscale and cloud-scale models in operational forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 120-132.
    • (1992) Wea. Forecasting , vol.7 , pp. 120-132
    • Maddox, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 0001094894 scopus 로고
    • The determination of kinematic properties of a wind field using Doppler radar
    • Browning, K. A., and R. Wexler, 1968: The determination of kinematic properties of a wind field using Doppler radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 7, 105-113.
    • (1968) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.7 , pp. 105-113
    • Browning, K.A.1    Wexler, R.2
  • 10
    • 0542368354 scopus 로고
    • Developments in observational systems for weather forecasting
    • _, and G. Szejwach, 1994: Developments in observational systems for weather forecasting. Meteor. Appl., 1, 3-22.
    • (1994) Meteor. Appl. , vol.1 , pp. 3-22
    • Szejwach, G.1
  • 11
    • 0021547943 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of omega dropwindsonde data in track forecasts of Hurricane Debby (1982)
    • Burpee, R. W., D. G. Marks, and R. T. Merrill, 1984: An assessment of omega dropwindsonde data in track forecasts of Hurricane Debby (1982). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 1050-1058.
    • (1984) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.65 , pp. 1050-1058
    • Burpee, R.W.1    Marks, D.G.2    Merrill, R.T.3
  • 13
    • 0024228910 scopus 로고
    • The National Meteorological Center regional analysis system
    • DiMego, G. J., 1988: The National Meteorological Center regional analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 977-1000.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 977-1000
    • DiMego, G.J.1
  • 14
    • 0025665702 scopus 로고
    • The selection and use of dropwindsonde-equipped aircraft for operational forecasting applications
    • Douglas, M. W., 1990: The selection and use of dropwindsonde-equipped aircraft for operational forecasting applications. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 1745-1757.
    • (1990) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.71 , pp. 1745-1757
    • Douglas, M.W.1
  • 15
    • 2742566264 scopus 로고
    • Cost-effective upper wind observing networks for developing countries. The SWAMP example
    • NCAR, NOAA Wave Propagation Lab., Amer. Meteor. Soc., German Meteor. Soc.
    • _, 1991: Cost-effective upper wind observing networks for developing countries. The SWAMP example. Extended Abstracts, Lower Tropospheric Profiling. Needs and Technologies, NCAR, NOAA Wave Propagation Lab., Amer. Meteor. Soc., German Meteor. Soc., 115-116.
    • (1991) Extended Abstracts, Lower Tropospheric Profiling. Needs and Technologies , pp. 115-116
  • 16
    • 0000415064 scopus 로고
    • The summertime low-level jet over the Gulf of California
    • _, 1995: The summertime low-level jet over the Gulf of California. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2334-2347.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2334-2347
  • 17
    • 0024193734 scopus 로고
    • Verification of mesoscale objective analyses of VAS and rawinsonde data using the March 1982 AVE/VAS special network data
    • Doyle, J. D., and T. T. Warner, 1988: Verification of mesoscale objective analyses of VAS and rawinsonde data using the March 1982 AVE/VAS special network data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 358-367.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 358-367
    • Doyle, J.D.1    Warner, T.T.2
  • 18
    • 85033808928 scopus 로고
    • Available from Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research, 6100 Executive Blvd., Suite 900, Rockville, MD 20852
    • FCMP1, 1993: The federal plan for meteorological services and supporting research: Fiscal year 1994. [Available from Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research, 6100 Executive Blvd., Suite 900, Rockville, MD 20852.]
    • (1993) The Federal Plan for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research: Fiscal Year 1994
  • 19
    • 0002866485 scopus 로고
    • Numerical experiments on consistent horizontal and vertical resolution for atmospheric models and observing systems
    • Fox-Rabinovitz, M. S., and R. S. Lindzen, 1993: Numerical experiments on consistent horizontal and vertical resolution for atmospheric models and observing systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 264-271.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 264-271
    • Fox-Rabinovitz, M.S.1    Lindzen, R.S.2
  • 20
    • 0028554616 scopus 로고
    • The modernization and associated restructuring of the National Weather Service: An overview
    • Friday, E. W., 1994: The modernization and associated restructuring of the National Weather Service: An overview. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 43-52.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 43-52
    • Friday, E.W.1
  • 21
    • 0022836379 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of mesoscale convective systems to the warm-season precipitation in the United States
    • Fritsch, J. M., R. J. Kane, and C. R. Chelius, 1986: The contribution of mesoscale convective systems to the warm-season precipitation in the United States. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1333-1345.
    • (1986) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.25 , pp. 1333-1345
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Kane, R.J.2    Chelius, C.R.3
  • 22
    • 0000998260 scopus 로고
    • Forecasting techniques utilized by the forecast branch of the National Meteorological Center during a major convective rainfall event
    • Funk, T. W., 1991: Forecasting techniques utilized by the forecast branch of the National Meteorological Center during a major convective rainfall event. Wea. Forecasting, 6, 548-564.
    • (1991) Wea. Forecasting , vol.6 , pp. 548-564
    • Funk, T.W.1
  • 23
    • 0027870630 scopus 로고
    • Effects of conversion algorithms on reported upper-air dewpoint depressions
    • Gaffen, D. J., and W. P. Elliott, 1993: Effects of conversion algorithms on reported upper-air dewpoint depressions. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1323-1325.
    • (1993) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.74 , pp. 1323-1325
    • Gaffen, D.J.1    Elliott, W.P.2
  • 24
    • 0022909822 scopus 로고
    • Simulation experiments for testing the assimilation of geostationary satellite temperature retrievals into a numerical prediction model
    • Gal-Chen, T., B. D. Schmidt, and L. W. Uccellini, 1986: Simulation experiments for testing the assimilation of geostationary satellite temperature retrievals into a numerical prediction model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1213-1230.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 1213-1230
    • Gal-Chen, T.1    Schmidt, B.D.2    Uccellini, L.W.3
  • 25
    • 0000215676 scopus 로고
    • Forcing mechanisms and other characteristics of significant summertime precipitation
    • Heideman, K. F., and J. M. Fritsch, 1988: Forcing mechanisms and other characteristics of significant summertime precipitation. Wea. Forecasting, 3, 115-130.
    • (1988) Wea. Forecasting , vol.3 , pp. 115-130
    • Heideman, K.F.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 0027068618 scopus 로고
    • Autonomous aerosondes for economical atmospheric soundings anywhere on the globe
    • Holland, G. J., T. McGeer, and H. Youngren, 1992: Autonomous aerosondes for economical atmospheric soundings anywhere on the globe. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1987-1998.
    • (1992) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 1987-1998
    • Holland, G.J.1    McGeer, T.2    Youngren, H.3
  • 28
    • 0025662461 scopus 로고
    • The step-mountain coordinate: Physical package
    • Janjic, Z. I., 1990: The step-mountain coordinate: Physical package. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1429-1443.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1429-1443
    • Janjic, Z.I.1
  • 29
    • 0028607757 scopus 로고
    • The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes
    • _, 1994: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 927-945
  • 30
    • 33748494544 scopus 로고
    • The role of the convective "trigger function" in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems
    • Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1992: The role of the convective "trigger function" in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 49, 93-106.
    • (1992) Meteor. Atmos. Phys. , vol.49 , pp. 93-106
    • Kain, J.S.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 32
    • 0001371471 scopus 로고
    • Statistical considerations in the estimation of divergence from single-Doppler radar and application to prestorm boundary-layer observations
    • Koscielny, A. J., R. J. Doviak, and R. Rabin, 1982: Statistical considerations in the estimation of divergence from single-Doppler radar and application to prestorm boundary-layer observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 197-210.
    • (1982) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.21 , pp. 197-210
    • Koscielny, A.J.1    Doviak, R.J.2    Rabin, R.3
  • 33
    • 0024907898 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic initialization using observations from a hypothetical network of profilers
    • Kuo, Y.-H., and Y.-R. Guo, 1989: Dynamic initialization using observations from a hypothetical network of profilers. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1975-1998.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1975-1998
    • Kuo, Y.-H.1    Guo, Y.-R.2
  • 34
    • 0004400581 scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of shortrange numerical weather prediction using observations from a network of profilers
    • _, E. G. Donall, and M. A. Shapiro, 1987: Feasibility of shortrange numerical weather prediction using observations from a network of profilers. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2402-2427.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 2402-2427
    • Donall, E.G.1    Shapiro, M.A.2
  • 35
    • 0027799334 scopus 로고
    • An unmanned aircraft for dropwindsonde deployment and hurricane reconnaissance
    • Langford, J. S., and K. A. Emanuel, 1993: An unmanned aircraft for dropwindsonde deployment and hurricane reconnaissance. Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 367-375.
    • (1993) Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.74 , pp. 367-375
    • Langford, J.S.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 36
    • 0025583769 scopus 로고
    • Role of a low level jet in triggering and organizing moist convection in a baroclinic atmosphere. A case study: 18 May 1984
    • Lemaitre, Y., and P. Brovelli, 1990: Role of a low level jet in triggering and organizing moist convection in a baroclinic atmosphere. A case study: 18 May 1984. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 82-100.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 82-100
    • Lemaitre, Y.1    Brovelli, P.2
  • 37
    • 0024927483 scopus 로고
    • Observing system experiments using the AFGL four-dimensional data assimilation system
    • Louis, J.-F., R. N. Hoffman, T. Nehrkorn, and D. Norquist, 1989: Observing system experiments using the AFGL four-dimensional data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2186-2203.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 2186-2203
    • Louis, J.-F.1    Hoffman, R.N.2    Nehrkorn, T.3    Norquist, D.4
  • 39
    • 0024920832 scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of RASS temperature soundings
    • May, P. T., K. P. Moran, and R. G. Strauch, 1989: The accuracy of RASS temperature soundings. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 1329-1335.
    • (1989) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.28 , pp. 1329-1335
    • May, P.T.1    Moran, K.P.2    Strauch, R.G.3
  • 41
    • 0028255254 scopus 로고
    • The National Centers for Environmental Prediction: Operational climate, ocean, and weather prediction for the 21st century
    • _, 1994: The National Centers for Environmental Prediction: Operational climate, ocean, and weather prediction for the 21st century. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 363-373.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 363-373
  • 42
    • 0000353594 scopus 로고
    • A study of the mean southerly wind-maximum in low levels associated with a period of summer precipitation in the middle west
    • Means, L. L., 1954: A study of the mean southerly wind-maximum in low levels associated with a period of summer precipitation in the middle west. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 35, 166-170.
    • (1954) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.35 , pp. 166-170
    • Means, L.L.1
  • 43
    • 0028668130 scopus 로고
    • Introducing GOES-I: The first of a new generation of geostationary operational environmental satellites
    • Menzel, W. P., and J. F. W. Purdom, 1994: Introducing GOES-I: The first of a new generation of geostationary operational environmental satellites. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 757-781.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 757-781
    • Menzel, W.P.1    Purdom, J.F.W.2
  • 44
    • 0020969405 scopus 로고
    • Improved cloud motion wind vector and altitude assignment using VAS
    • _, W. L. Smith, and T. R. Stewart, 1983: Improved cloud motion wind vector and altitude assignment using VAS. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 377-384.
    • (1983) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 377-384
    • Smith, W.L.1    Stewart, T.R.2
  • 45
    • 0001774009 scopus 로고
    • The low-level jet as related to nocturnal thunderstorms over midwest United States
    • Pitchford, K. L., and J. London, 1962: The low-level jet as related to nocturnal thunderstorms over midwest United States. J. Appl. Meteor., 1, 43-47.
    • (1962) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Pitchford, K.L.1    London, J.2
  • 46
    • 0025629132 scopus 로고
    • The use of satellite data in the specification of convective heating for diabatic initialization and moisture adjustment in numerical weather prediction models
    • Puri, K., and M. J. Miller, 1990: The use of satellite data in the specification of convective heating for diabatic initialization and moisture adjustment in numerical weather prediction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 67-93.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 67-93
    • Puri, K.1    Miller, M.J.2
  • 47
    • 0000085661 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America. Part I: Characteristics of the water vapor flux field
    • Rasmusson, E. M., 1967: Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America. Part I: Characteristics of the water vapor flux field. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 403-426.
    • (1967) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.105 , pp. 403-426
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1
  • 48
    • 84885764025 scopus 로고
    • The development and status of modern weather prediction
    • Reed, R. J., 1977: The development and status of modern weather prediction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 58, 390-400.
    • (1977) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.58 , pp. 390-400
    • Reed, R.J.1
  • 50
    • 0026305586 scopus 로고
    • North American rawinsonde observations: Problems, concerns, and a call to action
    • Schwartz, B. E., and C. A. Doswell III, 1991: North American rawinsonde observations: Problems, concerns, and a call to action. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1885-1896.
    • (1991) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 1885-1896
    • Schwartz, B.E.1    Doswell III, C.A.2
  • 51
    • 0012289987 scopus 로고
    • Relative impact of data sources on a data assimilation system
    • Preprints, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Smith, T. L., and S. Benjamin, 1994: Relative impact of data sources on a data assimilation system. Preprints, 10th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 491-493.
    • (1994) 10th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction , pp. 491-493
    • Smith, T.L.1    Benjamin, S.2
  • 52
    • 0025656204 scopus 로고
    • Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model. Part I: Experiments with synoptic-scale data
    • Stauffer, D. R., and N. L. Seaman, 1990: Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model. Part I: Experiments with synoptic-scale data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1250-1277.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1250-1277
    • Stauffer, D.R.1    Seaman, N.L.2
  • 53
    • 0028552936 scopus 로고
    • Multiscale four-dimensional data assimilation
    • _, and _, 1994: Multiscale four-dimensional data assimilation. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 416-434.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.33 , pp. 416-434
  • 54
    • 0026306406 scopus 로고
    • Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model. Part II: Effects of data assimilation within the planetary boundary layer
    • _, _, and F. S. Binkowski, 1991: Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model. Part II: Effects of data assimilation within the planetary boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 734-754.
    • (1991) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.119 , pp. 734-754
    • Binkowski, F.S.1
  • 55
    • 0028668507 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective systems in weakly forced large-scale environments. Part II: Generation of mesoscale initial conditions
    • Stensrud, D. J., and J. M. Fritsch, 1994a: Mesoscale convective systems in weakly forced large-scale environments. Part II: Generation of mesoscale initial conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2068-2083.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 2068-2083
    • Stensrud, D.J.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 56
    • 0028668503 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective systems in weakly forced large-scale environments. Part III: Numerical simulations and implications for operational forecasting
    • _, and _, 1994b: Mesoscale convective systems in weakly forced large-scale environments. Part III: Numerical simulations and implications for operational forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2084-2104.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 2084-2104
  • 57
    • 0006838657 scopus 로고
    • Operational systems for observing the lower atmosphere: Importance of data sampling and archival procedures
    • _, M. H. Jain, K. W. Howard, and R. A. Maddox, 1990: Operational systems for observing the lower atmosphere: Importance of data sampling and archival procedures. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 930-937.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.7 , pp. 930-937
    • Jain, M.H.1    Howard, K.W.2    Maddox, R.A.3
  • 58
    • 0029502377 scopus 로고
    • Model climatology of the Mexican monsoon
    • _, R. L. Gall, S. L. Mullen, and K. W. Howard, 1995: Model climatology of the Mexican monsoon. J. Climate, 8, 1775-1794.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1775-1794
    • Gall, R.L.1    Mullen, S.L.2    Howard, K.W.3
  • 59
    • 0000473627 scopus 로고
    • The impact of satellite-derived winds on numerical hurricane track forecasting
    • Velden, C. S., C. M. Hayden, W. P. Menzel, J. L. Franklin, and J. S. Lynch, 1992: The impact of satellite-derived winds on numerical hurricane track forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 107-118.
    • (1992) Wea. Forecasting , vol.7 , pp. 107-118
    • Velden, C.S.1    Hayden, C.M.2    Menzel, W.P.3    Franklin, J.L.4    Lynch, J.S.5
  • 60
    • 0018454659 scopus 로고
    • On the analysis of single Doppler data
    • Waldteufel, P., and H. Corbin, 1979: On the analysis of single Doppler data. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 532-542.
    • (1979) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.18 , pp. 532-542
    • Waldteufel, P.1    Corbin, H.2
  • 61
    • 0000883393 scopus 로고
    • Contamination of wind profiler data by migrating birds: Characteristics of corrupted data and potential solutions
    • Wilczak, J. M., and Coauthors, 1995: Contamination of wind profiler data by migrating birds: Characteristics of corrupted data and potential solutions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 449-467.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.12 , pp. 449-467
    • Wilczak, J.M.1
  • 62
    • 85033821245 scopus 로고
    • NOAA, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Silver Spring, MD, Available from NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303
    • Wind Profiler Assessment Report, 1994: Recommendations for future use 1987-1994. NOAA, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Silver Spring, MD, 141 pp. [Available from NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303.]
    • (1994) Recommendations for Future Use 1987-1994
  • 63
    • 0001073705 scopus 로고
    • Adjoint-method retrievals of low-altitude wind fields from single-Doppler reflectivity and radial-wind data
    • Xu, Q., and C.-J. Qiu, 1995: Adjoint-method retrievals of low-altitude wind fields from single-Doppler reflectivity and radial-wind data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 1111-1119.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.12 , pp. 1111-1119
    • Xu, Q.1    Qiu, C.-J.2
  • 64
    • 0022832611 scopus 로고
    • A case study of the sensitivity of numerical simulation of mesoscale convective systems to varying initial conditions
    • Zhang, D.-L., and M. J. Fritsch, 1986: A case study of the sensitivity of numerical simulation of mesoscale convective systems to varying initial conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2418-2431.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 2418-2431
    • Zhang, D.-L.1    Fritsch, M.J.2
  • 65
    • 0342537143 scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the 7 May 1985 mesoscale convective system
    • Zheng, Y., Q. Xu, and D. J. Stensrud, 1995: A numerical study of the 7 May 1985 mesoscale convective system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1781-1799.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 1781-1799
    • Zheng, Y.1    Xu, Q.2    Stensrud, D.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.