Recent Trends in Rain Gauge Precipitation Measurements from the Tropical Pacific: Evidence for an Enhanced Hydrologic Cycle

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 77, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1207-1219

  Morrissey, Mark L ^a   Graham, Nicholas E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PRECIPITATION; RAINGAUGE MEASUREMENT;

PACIFIC, (TROPICAL);

EID: 0030425160     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<1207:RTIRGP>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Angell, J. K., 1990: Variation in global tropospheric temperature after adjustment for the El Niño influence, 1958-1989. Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1097-1110.
2. Arkin, P. A., 1984: An examination of the Southern Oscillation in the upper tropospheric tropical/subtropical wind field. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland, 240 pp.
3. Chelliah, M., and P. A. Arkin, 1992: Large-scale variability of monthly outgoing longwave radiation anomalies over the global tropics. J. Climate, 5, 371-389.
4. Chiu, W.-C., A. Lo, D. H. Weidler, and D. Fulker, 1981: A study of the possible statistical relationship between the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1013-1020.
5. Flohn H., A. Kapala, H. R. Knoche, and H. Michel, 1990: Recent changes of the tropical water and energy budget and of mid-latitude circulations. Climate Dyn., 4, 237-252.
6. _, _, _, and _, 1992: Water vapour as an amplifier of the greenhouse effect - New aspects. Meteor. Z., 122,122-138.
7. Gadgil, S., A. Guruprasad, and J. Srinivasan, 1992: Systematic bias in the NOAA global outgoing longwave radiation data set. J. Climate, 5, 867-875.
8. Gaffen, D. J., and T. P. Barnett, 1992: A comparison of observations and model simulations of tropospheric water vapor. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2775-2780.
9. _, _, and W. P. Elliot, 1991: Space and time scales of global tropospheric moisture. J. Climate, 4, 989-1008.
10. Garcia, O., 1985: Atlas of Highly Reflective Clouds for the Global Tropics, 1971-1983. U.S. Dept. of Commerce Environmental Research Labs, 365 pp.
11. Graham, N. E., 1991 : Decadal-scale in the winter Northern Hemisphere circulations during the 1970s and 1980s: Some observations and model results. Preprints, Fifth Conf. on Climate Variations, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 109-112.
12. _, 1994: Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s: Observations and model results. Climate Dyn., 10, 135-162.
13. _, 1995: Simulation of recent global temperature trends. Science, 267, 666-671.
14. _, and T. P. Barnett, 1987: Observations of sea surface temperatures, convection and surface wind divergence over tropical oceans. Science, 238, 657-659.
15. Groisman, P. Ya., and D. R. Legates, 1994: The accuracy of United States precipitation data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 215-227.
16. Gutzler, D. S., 1992: Climatic variability of temperature and humidity across the tropical western Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1595-1598.
17. Hansen, J., and S. Lebedeff, 1987: Global trends in measured surface air temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 92,13 345-13 372.
18. Hense, A. P., P. Krahe. and H. Flohn, 1988: Recent fluctuations of tropospheric temperature and water vapour content in the Tropics. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 38, 215-227.
19. Jones, P. D., T. M. Wigley, and P. B. Wright, 1986: Global temperature variations between 1861-1894. Nature, 322, 430-434.
20. Kilonsky, B. J., and C. S. Ramage, 1976: A technique for estimating tropical open-ocean rainfall from satellite observation. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 972-975.
21. Kumar, A., A. Leetaa, and M. Ji, 1994: Simulation of atmospheric variability induced by sea surface temperatures and implications for global warming. Science, 266, 632-634.
22. Lau, K. M., and P. H. Chan, 1985: Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during northern winter as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1889-1909.
23. Legates, D. R., and T. L. deLiberty, 1993: Precipitation measurement biases in the United States. Water Resour. Bull., 29, 855-861.
24. Montgomery, D. C., and E. A. Peck, 1982: Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 504 pp.
25. Morrissey, M. L., 1986: A statistical analysis among rainfall, outgoing longwave radiation and the moisture budget during January-March, 1979. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 931-942.
26. _, 1990: An evaluation of ship data in the equatorial western Pacific. J. Climate, 3, 99-112.
27. _, 1991: Using sparse raingages to calibrate satellite-based rainfall algorithms. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18 561-18 571.
28. _, and J. S. Greene, 1993: A comparison of two satellite-based rainfall algorithms using Pacific atoll raingage data. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 411-425.
29. _, M. A. Shafer, S. E. Postawko, and B. Gibson, 1995: The Pacific rain gage rainfall database. Water Resour. Res., 31. 2111-2113.
30. Nitta. T., and S. Yamada. 1989: Recent warming of the tropical sea surface temperature and its relationship to the Northern Hemisphere circulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 67, 375-383.
31. Reynolds, R. W., C. K. Folland, and D. E. Parker. 1989: Biases in SST data. Nature, 341, 728-731.
32. Roeckner, E. K., and Coauthors, 1992: Simulation of the presentday climate with the ECHAM model: Impact of model physics and resolution. Max Planck Institüt fur Meteorologie Rep. No. 93, 171 pp. [Available from Max Planck Institüt für Meteorologie, D-2000, Bundesst, 55 Hamburg 3, Germany.]
33. Shea, D. J., 1986: Climatological atlas, 1950-1979: Surface air temperature, precipitation, sea-level pressure, and sea-surface temperature. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-269+TR, 210 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80303.]
34. Waliser, D. E., N. E. Graham, and C. Gautier, 1993: Comparison of the highly reflective cloud and outgoing longwave data sets for use in estimating tropical deep convection. J. Climate, 6, 12 881-12 893.