Principal-agent theory and the structure of science policy

Science and Public Policy

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 229-240

  Guston, David H ^a,b  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLICY IMPLICATION; PRINCIPAL AGENT PERSPECTIVE; SCIENCE POLICY;

EID: 0030424814     PISSN: 03023427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. H M Sapolsky, "Science policy", in F Greenstein and N Polsby (editors), The Handbook of Political Science, vol 6 (Addison-Wesley, New York, 1975).
2. For the characterization of these schemes of periodization, see A Elzinga and A Jamison, "Changing policy agendas in science and technology", in S Jasanoff, G E Markle, J C Petersen and T Pinch (editors), Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1995).
3. M Polanyi, "The republic of science: its political and economic theory", Minerva, 1(1), Spring 1962, pages 54-63.
4. See, for example, the credibility cycle in B Latour and S Woolgar, Laboratory Life (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1979); an elaboration of the credibility cycle in A Rip, "Contextual transformations in contemporary science", in A Jaminson (editor), Keeping Science Straight (University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 1988); and S Turner, "Accounting for the institutions of science", and A M Diamond, "The economics of science", papers presented at Economics of Science Conference, Washington, DC, 5 January 1995. Inspiration for the market analogy is often drawn from Merton's exploration of Weber's analogy between the market and science. Weber likens science to capitalism claiming that "[t]he decided propensity of Protestant asceticism for empiricism, rationalized on a mathematical basis is well known". See M Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1958) chapter 4, note 145; and I B Cohen (editor), Puritanism and the Rise of Modem Science: The Merton Thesis (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990).
5. See, for example, the credibility cycle in B Latour and S Woolgar, Laboratory Life (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1979); an elaboration of the credibility cycle in A Rip, "Contextual transformations in contemporary science", in A Jaminson (editor), Keeping Science Straight (University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 1988); and S Turner, "Accounting for the institutions of science", and A M Diamond, "The economics of science", papers presented at Economics of Science Conference, Washington, DC, 5 January 1995. Inspiration for the market analogy is often drawn from Merton's exploration of Weber's analogy between the market and science. Weber likens science to capitalism claiming that "[t]he decided propensity of Protestant asceticism for empiricism, rationalized on a mathematical basis is well known". See M Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1958) chapter 4, note 145; and I B Cohen (editor), Puritanism and the Rise of Modem Science: The Merton Thesis (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990).
6. See, for example, the credibility cycle in B Latour and S Woolgar, Laboratory Life (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1979); an elaboration of the credibility cycle in A Rip, "Contextual transformations in contemporary science", in A Jaminson (editor), Keeping Science Straight (University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 1988); and S Turner, "Accounting for the institutions of science", and A M Diamond, "The economics of science", papers presented at Economics of Science Conference, Washington, DC, 5 January 1995. Inspiration for the market analogy is often drawn from Merton's exploration of Weber's analogy between the market and science. Weber likens science to capitalism claiming that "[t]he decided propensity of Protestant asceticism for empiricism, rationalized on a mathematical basis is well known". See M Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1958) chapter 4, note 145; and I B Cohen (editor), Puritanism and the Rise of Modem Science: The Merton Thesis (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990).
7. See, for example, the credibility cycle in B Latour and S Woolgar, Laboratory Life (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1979); an elaboration of the credibility cycle in A Rip, "Contextual transformations in contemporary science", in A Jaminson (editor), Keeping Science Straight (University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 1988); and S Turner, "Accounting for the institutions of science", and A M Diamond, "The economics of science", papers presented at Economics of Science Conference, Washington, DC, 5 January 1995. Inspiration for the market analogy is often drawn from Merton's exploration of Weber's analogy between the market and science. Weber likens science to capitalism claiming that "[t]he decided propensity of Protestant asceticism for empiricism, rationalized on a mathematical basis is well known". See M Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1958) chapter 4, note 145; and I B Cohen (editor), Puritanism and the Rise of Modem Science: The Merton Thesis (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990).
8. See, for example, the credibility cycle in B Latour and S Woolgar, Laboratory Life (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1979); an elaboration of the credibility cycle in A Rip, "Contextual transformations in contemporary science", in A Jaminson (editor), Keeping Science Straight (University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 1988); and S Turner, "Accounting for the institutions of science", and A M Diamond, "The economics of science", papers presented at Economics of Science Conference, Washington, DC, 5 January 1995. Inspiration for the market analogy is often drawn from Merton's exploration of Weber's analogy between the market and science. Weber likens science to capitalism claiming that "[t]he decided propensity of Protestant asceticism for empiricism, rationalized on a mathematical basis is well known". See M Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1958) chapter 4, note 145; and I B Cohen (editor), Puritanism and the Rise of Modem Science: The Merton Thesis (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990).
9. See, for example, the credibility cycle in B Latour and S Woolgar, Laboratory Life (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1979); an elaboration of the credibility cycle in A Rip, "Contextual transformations in contemporary science", in A Jaminson (editor), Keeping Science Straight (University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 1988); and S Turner, "Accounting for the institutions of science", and A M Diamond, "The economics of science", papers presented at Economics of Science Conference, Washington, DC, 5 January 1995. Inspiration for the market analogy is often drawn from Merton's exploration of Weber's analogy between the market and science. Weber likens science to capitalism claiming that "[t]he decided propensity of Protestant asceticism for empiricism, rationalized on a mathematical basis is well known". See M Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1958) chapter 4, note 145; and I B Cohen (editor), Puritanism and the Rise of Modem Science: The Merton Thesis (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990).
10. N E Gunderson and E Rodriguez, "The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA): how will it affect federal scientific programs", in A H Teich, et al, reference 42.
11. For what has been labeled 'anti-science" trends in academic thought and public policy, see G Hotton, Science and Anti-Science (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1994; and P R Gross and N Levitt, Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrel With Science (The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1994).
12. For what has been labeled 'anti-science" trends in academic thought and public policy, see G Hotton, Science and Anti-Science (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1994; and P R Gross and N Levitt, Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrel With Science (The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1994).
13. T M Moe, "An assessment of the positive theory of congressional dominance", Legislative Studies Quarterly, 12, 1987, pages 475-520.
14. D E Chubin, in Guston and Keniston, reference 36; and NAS, reference 27.
15. J Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971).