Quaternary soil chronosequences on terraces of the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania

Geomorphology

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 273-294

  Engel, Scott A ^a   Gardner, Thomas W ^b   Ciolkosz, Edward J ^c  

^a PG and Scott A Engel Dames/Moore   (United States)

^b TRINITY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INCISION; PEDOGENESIS; PLIOCENE; QUATERNARY; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; TERRACE;

USA, PENNSYLVANIA, SUSQUEHANNA RIVER;

EID: 0030424616     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0169-555X(96)00005-0     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ashley, G.H., 1930. Age of the Appalachian peneplains. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 41: 695-700.
2. Ashley, G.H., 1933. The scenery of Pennsylvania. Pa. Geol. Surv. Bull. Ser. 4, G-6, 91 pp.
3. Barrell, J., 1920. Piedmont terraces of the northern Appalachians. Am. J. Sci., 49: 227-258, 327-362, 407-428.
4. Bascom, F., 1921. Cycles of erosion in the Piedmont province of Pennsylvania. J. Geol., 29: 540-559.
5. Bashore, H.B., 1894. The Harrisburg terraces, PA. Am. J. Sci., 49(3rd Ser.): 227-285.
6. Baxter, J.E., 1983. The Quaternary Geology of the West Branch of the Susquehanna River Valley near Lock Haven, PA. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 135 pp.
7. Berg, T.M. et al. (compilers), 1980. "Geologic Map of Pennsylvania." 4th Series, Map 1, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Scale 1:250,000.
8. Bilzi, A.F. and Ciolkosz, E.J., 1977. A field morphology rating scale for evaluating pedological development. Soil Sci., 124: 45-48.
9. Braun, D.D., 1988. Glacial geology of the Anthracite and North Branch Susquehanna lowland regions. In: Conference Guidebook, Bedrock and Glacial Geology of the North Branch Susquehanna Lowland and the Eastern Middle Anthracite Field, Northeastern Pennsylvania: 53rd Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Hazelton, PA.
10. Braun, D.D., 1993. Day 2, Bloomsburg to Lewistown; the glacial margin and periglacial fringe in the Susquehanna River basin: Where did the ice terminate and when, Figure 2.1. In: T.W. Gardner, D.D. Braun, F.J. Pazzaglia and W.D. Sevon (Editors), Late Cainazoic Landscape Evolution of the Susquehanna River basin: 3rd International Geomorphology Conference Fieldtrip Guidebook, University Park, PA.
11. Braun, D.D., 1994. Stop 1: Honey Hole gravel pit: the Late Wisconsinan terminal kame fan or head of outwash. In: D.D. Braun (Editor), Late Wisconsinan to Pre-Illinoian (G?) Glacial and Periglacial Events in Eastern Pennsylvania: 57th Annual Friends of the Pleistocene, Northeastern Section, Conference Fieldtrip Guidebook, Bloomsburg, PA.
12. Bucek, M.F., 1975. Pleistocene Geology and History of the West Branch of the Susquehanna River Valley near Williamsport, PA. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 238 pp.
13. Campbell, M.R., 1929. Late geologic deformation of the Appalachian Piedmont as determined by river gravels. Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc., 15: 156-161.
14. Campbell, M.R., 1933. Chambersburg (Harrisburg) peneplain in the Piedmont of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 44: 553-573.
15. Ciolkosz, E.J., 1994. Pennsylvania Soil Database. Department of Agronomy, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
16. Ciolkosz, E.J., Carter, B.J., Hoover, M.T., Cronce, R.C., Waltman, W.J. and Dobos, R.R., 1990. Genesis of soils and landscapes in the Valley and Ridge province of central Pennsylvania. In: P.L.K. Kunuepher and L.D. McFadden (Editors), Soils and Landscape Evolution. Geomorphology, 3: 245-261.
17. Ciolkosz, E.J., Rose, A.W., Waltman, W.J. and Thurman, N.C., 1993a. Total Elemental Analysis of Pennsylvania Soils. Agronomy Series No. 126, Agronomy Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
18. Ciolkosz, E.J., Waltman, W.J. and Thurman, N.C., 1993b. Iron and Aluminum in Pennsylvania Soils. Agronomy Series No. 127, Agronomy Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
19. Cotter, J.F., Ridge, J.C., Evenson, E.B., Sevon, W.D., Sirkin, L. and Stuckenrath, R., 1985. The Wisconsinan History of the Great Valley, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and the Age of the Terminal Moraine. In: Woodfordian Deglaciation of the Great Valley, New Jersey: Friends of the Pleistocene, Northeast Section, 48th Annual Reunion, Guidebook, Lehigh University.
20. Crowl, G.H. and Sevon, W.D., 1980. Glacial Border Deposits of Late Wisconsinan Age in Northeastern Pennsylvania. General Geology Report 71, 4th series, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA.
21. Davis, W.M., 1889. The rivers and valleys of Pennsylvania. Natl. Geogr. Mag., 1: 183-253.
22. Day, P.R., 1965. Particle fractionation and particle size analysis. In: C.A., Black (Editor), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Properties: Agronomy No. 9. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 545-567.
23. Denny, C.S. and Lyford, W.H., 1963. Surfical geology and soils of Elmyra-Williamsport region, New York and Pennsylvania; with section on forest regions and Great Soil Groups. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 379, 60 pp.
24. Faill, R.T., 1979. Geology and mineral resources of the Montoursville South and Muncy quadrangles, Lycoming, Northumberland, and Montour counties, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 4th series, Atlas 144ab, 114 pp.
25. Gardner, T.W., Ritter, J.B., Shuman, C.A., Bell, J.C., Sasowsky, K.C. and Pinter, N., 1991. A periglacial stratified slope deposit in the Valley and Ridge Province of Central Pennsylvania, USA: sedimentary, stratigraphy, and geomorphic evolution. Permafrost Periglacial Process., 2: 141-162.
26. Gardner, T.W., Sasowsky, I.D. and Schmidt, V.A., 1994. Reversed polarity glacial sediments and revised glacial chronology, West Branch Susquehanna River Valley, Central Pennsylvania. Quat. Res., 42: 131-135.
27. Geyer, A.R., 1975. Bedrock geology of the Columbia West quadrangle. In: T.M Berg and C.M. Dodge (Editors), Atlas of Preliminary Geology Quadrangle Maps of Pennsylvania, 1981. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Map 61.
28. Hickok, W.O., 1933. Erosion surfaces in south-central PA. Am. J. Sci., 225: 101-121.
29. Howard, J.L., Amos, D.F. and Daniels, W.L., 1993. Alluvial soil chronosequences in the Inner Coastal Plain, central Virginia. Quat. Res., 39: 201-213.
30. 39Ar age constraints for the Jaramillo Normal Subchron and the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic boundary. J. Geophys. Res., B99: 2925-2934.
31. Jacobson, R.B., Elston, D.P. and Heaton, J.W., 1988. Stratigraphy and magnetic polarity of the High Terrace Remnants in the upper Ohio and Monongahela Rivers in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Quat. Res., 29: 216-232.
32. Jenny, H., 1941. Factors of Soil Formation. McGraw-Hill, New York.
33. Jonas, A.I. and Stose, G.W., 1930. Geology and mineral resources of the Lancaster Quadrangle, PA. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Atlas 168, 106 pp.
34. Kaktins, T.L., 1986. Fluvial terraces of the Juniata River Valley in Central Pennsylvania. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 283 pp.
35. Knopf, E.B., 1924. Correlation of residual erosion surfaces in the eastern Appalachian highlands. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 35: 633-668.
36. Knopf, E.B. and Jonas, A.I., 1929. Geology of the McCalls Ferry-Quarryville district, PA. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 799, 156 pp.
37. Leverett, F., 1934. Glacial deposits outside the Wisconsin terminal moraine in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, General Geology Report G-7, 123 pp.
38. Levine, E.R. and Ciolkosz, E.J., 1983. Soil development in tills of various ages in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Quat. Res., 19: 85-99.
39. Mackin, J.H., 1934. Terraces of the Susquehanna River below Harrisburg. Science, 80: 140-141.
40. Marchand, D.E., 1978. Quaternary deposits and Quaternary history. In: D.E. Marchand, E.J. Ciolkosz, M.F. Bucek and G.H. Crowl (Editors), Quaternary Deposits and Soils of the Central Susquehanna Valley of Pennsylvania: Friends of the Pleistocene, Northeast Section, 41st Annual Reunion, Guidebook, Ch. 1 (also as Agronomy Series No. 52, Agronomy Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA).
41. Marchand, D.E. and Crowl, G.H., 1991. Surficial Geologic Map of Parts of Union and Snyder Counties, Pennsylvania. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series, Map I-2051, Scale 1:100,000.
42. 2 fusion. At. Absorpt. Newsl., 8(2): 25.
43. Mehra, O.P. and Jackson, M.L., 1960. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clay Clay Miner., 7: 317-327.
44. Miller, R.A., 1974. Hydrologic data of the June 1972 flood in Pennsylvania. PA Department of Environmental Resources, Water Resources Bulletin 9, Harrisburg, PA.
45. Millette, J.F.G. and Higbee, H.W., 1958. Periglacial loess, I: morphological properties. Am. J. Sci., 256: 284-293.
46. Muller, E.H., 1977. Late glacial and early periglacial environments in Western New York. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 288: 223-233.
47. Pazzaglia, F.J., 1993. Stratigraphy, petrography, and correlation of late Cenozoic middle Atlantic Coastal Plain deposits: Implications for late-stage passive-margin geologic evolution. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 105: 1617-1634.
48. Pazzaglia, F.J. and Gardner, T.W., 1993. Fluvial terraces of the lower Susquehanna River. Geomorphology, 8: 83-113.
49. Pazzaglia, F.J. and T.W. Gardner, 1994. Late Cenozoic flexural deformation of the middle U.S. Atlantic passive margin. J. Geophys. Res., 99(B6): 12,143-12,157.
50. Peltier, L.C., 1949. Pleistocene terraces of the Susquehanna River. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Bulletin G-23, 151 pp.
51. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 1994. Pennsylvania Water Well Inventory Data File. Harrisburg, PA.
52. Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., 1986. Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America. In: G.H. Richmond and D.S. Fullerton (Editors), Quaternary Glaciations in the United States: Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 5 (Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere), pp. 183-196.
53. Ridge, J.C., Braun, D.D. and Evenson, E.B., 1990. Does Altonian drift exist in Pennsylvania and New Jersey? Quat. Res., 33: 253-258.
54. Ridge, J.C., Evenson, E.B. and Sevon, W.D., 1992. A model of late Quaternary landscape development in the Delaware Valley, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Geomorphology, 4: 319-345.
55. Soil Survey Staff, 1985. Soil Survey of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Government Printing Office.
56. Soil Survey Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 18. U.S. Government Printing Office.
57. Soil Survey Staff, 1994. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Government Printing Office.
58. Stose, G.W., 1928. High gravels of the Susquehanna River above Columbia, PA. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 39: 1073-1086.
59. Stose, G.W., 1930. Is the Bryn Mar peneplain a warped surface? Am. J. Sci., 219: 177-184.
60. Stose, G.W. and Jonas, A.I., 1939. Geology and mineral resources of York County, PA. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, County Report C-67, 199 pp.
61. Thurman, N.C., Ciolkosz, E.J. and Dobos, R.R., 1992. PSU Soil Characterization Laboratory Methods Manual. Agronomy Series No. 117, Agronomy Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
62. Wells, R.B. and Bucek, M.F., 1980. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Montoursville North and Huntersville Quadrangles, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. 4th series, Atlas 143cd, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Harrisburg, PA.
63. Zijderveld, J.D.A., 1967. A.C. demagnetization of rocks: Analysis of results. In: D.W. Collinson, K.M. Creer and S.K. Runcorn (Editors), Methods in Paleomagnetism. Elsevier, Amsterdam.