Geographical coverage and effectiveness of the UNEP Convention on the Mediterranean

Ocean and Coastal Management

Volumn 31, Issue 2-3, 1996, Pages 199-218

  Vallega, Adalberto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MANAGEMENT; NATURAL RESOURCES; SEAWATER; SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS;

GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE; GEOPOLITICAL CHANGES; HUMAN DIMENSIONS PROGRAMME; MEDITERRANEAN;

REGIONAL PLANNING;

ALIA;

EID: 0030424593     PISSN: 09645691     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0964-5691(96)00040-3     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. 1. UNEP, Achievements and planned development of UNEP's Regional Seas Programme and comparable programmes sponsored by other bodies. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 1, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya, 1982.
2. 2. Vallega, A., Towards the sustainable management of the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Policy, 191 (1995) 47-64.
3. 3. UNEP, Mediterranean Action Plan and the Final Act of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries of the Coastal States of the Mediterranean Region for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea, Barcelona, 2-16 February 1976. UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya, 1976.
4. 4. Busuttil, S., The future of the Mediterranean. In Ocean Yearbook 10, ed. E. Mann Borgese, N. Ginsburg & J. R. Morgan. The University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA, 1993, pp. 240-247.
5. 5. Vallega, A., The Mediterranean after the 1995 Convention: the historical sense of a turnaround point. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Mediterranean Coastal Environment, MEDCOAST '95, ed. E. Özhan. MEDCOAST Secretariat, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 719-732.
6. 6. UNEP/MAP, Action Plan for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Sustainable Development of the Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean (MAP Phase II). Document UNEP(OCA)/MED IG.5/8, UNEP, Athens, 1995.
7. 7. Republic of Tunisia, Ministry of Environment and Land Use Planning, The Tunis Conference on Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean. Agenda Med 21. MAP/UNEP, Tunis, 1994.
8. 8. UNEP/MAP, Final Act of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Amendments to the Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution, to the Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping From Ships and Aircraft and on the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean. Document UNEP(OCA)/MED IG.6/7, 1 July 1995, UNEP, Athens, 1995.
9. 9. UNEP, Progress Report of the Executive Director on the Implementation of the Mediterranean Action Plan during 1994-1995. Document UNEP(OCA)/ MED IG.5/3, UNEP, Athens, 1995.
10. 10. Raftopoulos, E. G., The Mediterranean Action Plan in a functional perspective: a quest for law and policy. MAP Technical Reports Series, No. 25, Athens, UNEP, 1988.
11. 11. Haas, P. M., Saving the Mediterranean. The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation. Columbia University Press, New York, 1990.
12. 12. The evolution of the Convention and Protocols membership is presented in: UNEP, Status of Regional Agreements Negotiated in the Framework of the Regional Seas Programme, Rev. 4, UNEP, Nairobi, 1994.
13. 13. Until the Eighth Ordinary Meeting of the Barcelona Convention (1993), the member states of the Convention were: Albania, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia. The EEC was considered as a member. The Eighth Ordinary Meeting nominated Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Erzegovina as member states replacing Yugoslavia. The initial membership is presented in: UNEP, Mediterranean Action Plan and Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution. UNEP, Nairobi (no date), p. 4. Scovazzi, T., Management regimes and responsibility for international straits: with special reference to the Mediterranean Straits. Marine Policy, 19(2) (1995) 146 and note 35: according to Scovazzi, the UK is to be considered as a Mediterranean state 'as regards Gibraltar and the two Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the Island of Cyprus'. Nevertheless, for the purposes of the present contribution the UK was not regarded as a Mediterranean state.
14. 13. Until the Eighth Ordinary Meeting of the Barcelona Convention (1993), the member states of the Convention were: Albania, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia. The EEC was considered as a member. The Eighth Ordinary Meeting nominated Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Erzegovina as member states replacing Yugoslavia. The initial membership is presented in: UNEP, Mediterranean Action Plan and Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution. UNEP, Nairobi (no date), p. 4. Scovazzi, T., Management regimes and responsibility for international straits: with special reference to the Mediterranean Straits. Marine Policy, 19(2) (1995) 146 and note 35: according to Scovazzi, the UK is to be considered as a Mediterranean state 'as regards Gibraltar and the two Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the Island of Cyprus'. Nevertheless, for the purposes of the present contribution the UK was not regarded as a Mediterranean state.
15. 14. Information about adoption, accession, ratification and other elements concerning the legal process of the Convention are included in: UNEP, Mediterranean Action Plan and Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution. UNEP, Nairobi (no date).
16. 15. The approval of, or the accession to, the Convention, where they occurred after the adoption of the Convention by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries, are assimilated to the ratification.
17. 16. Broadus, J. M., et al., Comparative Assessment of Regional International Programs to Control Land-Based Marine Pollution: The Baltic, North Sea, and Mediterranean. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA, 1993.
18. 17. Jacobson, M. A., The United Nations' Regional Seas Programme: how does it measure up? Coastal Management, 231 (1995) 19-40.
19. 18. Sorensen, J., A comparative analysis and critical assessment of the regimes to manage the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Mediterranean Coastal Environment, MEDCOAST '95, ed. E. Özhan. MEDCOAST Secretariat, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 697-718.