The formation of oceanic eddies in symmetric and asymmetric jets. Part II: Late time evolution and coherent vortex formation

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 26, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 1825-1848

  Bush, Andrew B G ^a   McWilliams, James C ^b   Peltier, W Richard ^c  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COHERENT VORTEX FORMATION; EDDIES; JETS; LATE TIME EVOLUTION;

EID: 0030423441     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<1825:TFOOEI>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Andrews, D. G., and M. E. McIntyre, 1976: Planetary waves in horizontal and vertical shear: the generalized Eliassen-Palm relation and the mean zonal acceleration. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2031-2048.
2. Batchelor, G. K., 1967: An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 615 pp.
3. Brekhovskikh, L. M., K. N. Fedorov, L. M. Fomin, M. N. Koshlyakov, and A. D. Yampolsky, 1971: Large-scale multi-bouy experiment in the Tropical Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 18, 1189-1206.
4. Bush, A. B. G., and W. R. Peltier, 1994: Tropopause folds and synoptic-scale baroclinic wave life cycles. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1581-1604.
5. _, J. C. McWilliams, and W. R. Peltier, 1995: The formation of oceanic eddies in symmetric and asymmetric jets. Part I: Early time evolution and bulk eddy transports. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1959-1979.
6. Cheney, R. E., and P. L. Richardson, 1976: Observed decay of a cyclonic Gulf Stream Ring. Deep-Sea Res., 23, 143-155.
7. Clark, T., 1977: A small-scale dynamic model using a terrain-following coordinate transformation. J. Comput. Phys., 24, 186-215.
8. Cornillon, P., D. Evans, and W. Large, 1986: Warm outbreaks of the Gulf Stream into the Sargasso Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6583-6596.
9. Eady, E. T., 1949: Long waves and cyclone wave. Tellus, 1, 33-52.
10. Ertel, H., 1942: Ein neuer hydrodynamischer Wirbelsatz. Meteor. Z., 59, 277-281.
11. Flierl, G. R., 1979: A simple model for the structure of warm and cold core rings. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 781-785.
12. _, V. D. Larichev, J. C. McWilliams, and G. M. Reznik, 1980: The dynamics of baroclinic and barotropic solitary eddies. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 5, 1-41.
13. _, M. E. Stern, and J. A. Whitehead Jr., 1983: The physical significance of modons: Laboratory experiments and general integral constraints. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 7, 233-263.
14. Fofonoff, N. P., and M. M. Hall, 1983: Estimates of mass, momentum and kinetic energy fluxes of the Gulf Stream. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1868-1877.
15. Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Int. Geophys. Ser., Vol. 30, Academic Press, 486 pp.
16. Griffiths, R. W., and P. F. Linden, 1981: The stability of vortices in a rotating, stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 105, 283-316.
17. Halkin, D., and R. Rossby, 1985: The structure and transport of the Gulf Stream at 73° W. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1439-1452.
18. Haupt, S. E., J. C. McWilliams, and J. J. Tribbia, 1993: Modons in shear flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1181-1198.
19. Hogg, N. G., 1976: On spatially growing baroclinic waves in the ocean. J. Fluid Mech., 78, 217-235.
20. _, 1992: On the transport of the Gulf Stream between Cape Hatteras and the Grand Banks. Deep-Sea Res., 39, 1231-1246.
21. _, and H. Stommel, 1985: On the relation between the deep circulation and the Gulf Stream. Deep-Sea Res., 32, 1181-1193.
22. Holland, W. R., and L. B. Lin, 1975: On the generation of mesoscale eddies and their contribution to the oceanic general circulation. I. A preliminary numerical experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 642-657.
23. _, and D. B. Haidvogel, 1980: A parameter study of the mixed instability of idealized ocean currents. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 4, 185-215.
24. Holton, J. R., 1979: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 2nd ed. Int. Geophys. Ser., Vol. 23, Academic Press, 391 pp.
25. Ikeda, M., 1981: Meanders and detached eddies of a strong eastward-flowing jet using a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 526-540.
26. _, and J. R. Apel, 1981 : Mesoscale eddies detached from spatially growing meanders in an eastward-flowing oceanic jet using a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1638-1661.
27. Joyce, T. M., 1984: Velocity and hydrographic structure of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 936-947.
28. The MODE Group, 1978: The mid-ocean dynamics experiment. Deep-Sea Res., 25, 859-910.
29. Newton, C. W., 1961: Estimates of vertical motions and meridional heat exchange in Gulf Stream eddies and a comparison with atmospheric disturbances. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 852-869.
30. Olson, D. B., 1980: The physical oceanography of two rings observed by the cyclonic ring experiment. Part II: Dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 514-528.
31. Palmen, E., and C. W. Newton, 1969: Atmospheric Circulation Systems. Int. Geophys. Ser., Vol. 13, Academic Press, 603 pp.
32. Pedlosky, J., 1977: On the radiation of meso-scale energy in the mid-ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 24, 591-600.
33. _, 1987: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, 710 pp.
34. _, and W. R. Young, 1983: Ventilation, potential-vorticity homogenization and the structure of the ocean circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 2020-2037.
35. Pratt, L. J., and M. E. Stern, 1986: Dynamics of potential vorticity fronts and eddy detachment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1101-1120.
36. Reed, R. J., 1955: A study of a characteristic type of upper-level frontogenesis. J. Meteor., 12, 226-237.
37. Rhines, P. B., and W. R. Holland, 1979: A theoretical discussion of eddy-driven mean flows. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 3, 289-325.
38. Richardson, P. L., 1980: Gulf Stream ring trajectories. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 90-104.
39. _, 1983: Gulf Stream rings. Eddies in Marine Science, A. R. Robinson, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 19-45.
40. Robinson, A. R., M. A. Spall, and N. Pinardi, 1988: Gulf Stream simulations and the dynamics of ring and meander processes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1811-1853.
41. Rossby, C. G., 1951: A comparison of current patterns in the atmosphere and in the ocean basins. Union Geod. et Geophys. Intern., 9th Assembly, Assoc. de Meteorol., Brussels, Belgium, International Union of Geophysics and Geodesy, 9-31.
42. Saunders, P. M., 1971: Anticyclonic eddies formed from shoreward meanders of the Gulf Stream. Deep-Sea Res., 18, 1201-1219.
43. Semtner, A. J., Jr., and Y. Mintz, 1977: Numerical simulation of the Gulf Stream and mid-ocean eddies. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 208-230.
44. _, and R. M. Chervin, 1992: Ocean general circulation from a global eddy-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5493-5550.
45. Shapiro, M. A., 1974: A multiple structured frontal zone-jet stream system as revealed by meteorologically instrumented aircraft. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 244-253.
46. _, 1980: Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 994-1004.
47. Spall, M. A., and A. R. Robinson, 1990: Regional primitive equation studies of the Gulf Stream meander and ring formation region. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 985-1016.
48. Stern, M. E., 1975: Minimal properties of planetary eddies. J. Mar. Res., 33, 1-13.
49. Talley, L. D., 1983: Radiating instabilities of thin baroclinic jets. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 2161-2181.
50. Vastano, A. C., J. E. Schmitz, and D. E. Hagan, 1980: The physical oceanography of two rings observed by the cyclonic ring experiment. Part I: Physical structures. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 493-513.
51. White, W. B., 1975: Secular variability in the large-scale baroclinic transport of the North Pacific from 1950-1970. J. Mar. Res., 33, 141-155.
52. World Meteorological Organization, 1985: Atmospheric Ozone. Vol. 1. NASA Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 16, 349 pp.
53. Wyrtki, K., L. Magaard, and J. Hager, 1976: Eddy energy in the oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2641-2646.