High-resolution passive microwave observations of convective systems over the tropical pacific ocean

Journal of Applied Meteorology

Volumn 35, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 1921-1947

  Mcgaughey, Gary ^a   Zipser, Edward J ^a   Spencer, Roy W ^b   Hood, Robbie E ^b  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPR; ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; MICROWAVE SENSING; PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; PRECIPITATION; RADIOMETER; TOGA-COARE; WARM POOL REGION;

PACIFIC, (WEST);

EID: 0030422940     PISSN: 08948763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<1921:HRPMOO>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Adler, R. R., and I. M. Hakkarinen, 1991: Aircraft multifrequency passive microwave observations of light precipitation over the ocean. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 201-220.
2. _, R. A. Mack, N. Prasad, H. Y. M. Yeh, and I. M. Hakkarinen, 1990: Aircraft microwave observations and simulations of deep convection from 18 to 183 GHz. Part I: Observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 377-391.
3. _, H. Y. M. Yeh, N. Prasad, W. K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1991: Microwave simulations of a tropical rainfall system with a three-dimensional cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 924-953.
4. Atlas, D., K. Hardy, R. Wexler, and R. Boucher, 1963: The origin of hurricane spiral bands. Geofis. Int., 3, 123-132.
5. Barnes, G. M., E. J. Zipser, D. P. Jorgensen, and F. D. Marks Jr., 1983: Mesoscale and convective scale structure of a hurricane rainband. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2125-2137.
6. Bluestein, H. B., and F. D. Marks Jr., 1987: On the structure of the eyewall of Hurricane Diana (1984): Comparison of radar and visual characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2542-2552.
7. Fulton, R., and G. M. Heymsfield, 1991: Microphysical and radiative characteristics of convective clouds during COHMEX. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 98-116.
8. Grody, N. C., 1991: Classification of snow cover and precipitation using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7423-7435.
9. Hakkarinen, I. M., and R. F. Adler, 1988: Observations of precipitating convective systems at 92 and 183 GHz: Aircraft results. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 38, 168-182.
10. Heymsfield, G. M., and R. Fulton, 1988: Comparison of high-altitude remote aircraft measurements with the radar structure of an Oklahoma thunderstorm: Implications for precipitation estimation from space. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1157-1174.
11. Hinton, B. B., W. S. Olson, D. W. Martin, and B. Auvine, 1992: A passive microwave algorithm for tropical oceanic rainfall. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 1379-1395.
12. Houze, R. A., Jr., 1982: Cloud clusters and large-scale vertical motions in the tropics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 60, 369-410.
13. _, 1989: Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implications for large-scale heating. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 425-461.
14. _, 1993: Cloud Dynamics. Academic Press, 573 pp.
15. _, and D. D. Churchill, 1987: Mesoscale organization and cloud microphysics in a Bay of Bengal depression. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1845-1867.
16. Jorgensen, D. P., 1984: Mesoscale and convective-scale characteristics of a mature hurricane. Part II: Inner core structure of Hurricane Allen (1980). J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1287-1311.
17. _, E. J. Zipser, and M. A. LeMone, 1985: Vertical motions in intense hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 839-856.
18. _, T. J. Matejka, and D. Johnson, 1994: A TOGA/COARE squall line as seen by multiple airborne Doppler radars. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 25-28.
19. Kakar, R., 1993: Mission summary reports (TOGA COARE). Report, NASA, 236 pp.
20. Kummerow, C., and J. A. Weinman, 1988: Determining microwave brightness temperatures from precipitating horizontally finite and vertically structured clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 93 (D4), 3720-3728.
21. _, and L. Giglio, 1994: A passive microwave technique for estimating rainfall and vertical structure information from space. Part I: Algorithm description. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 3-18.
22. _, R. A. Mack, and I. M. Hakkarinen, 1989: A self consistency approach to improve microwave rainfall rate estimation from space. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 869-884.
23. Leary, C. A., and R. A. Houze, 1979: The structure and evolution of convection in a tropical cloud cluster. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 437-457.
24. LeMone, M. A., and E. J. Zipser, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, intensity and mass flux. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2444-2457.
25. _, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1994: The impact of two convective systems on sea-surface stresses in COARE. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 40-44.
26. _, G. M. Barnes, E. J. Szoke, and E. J. Zipser, 1984: The tilt of the leading edge of mesoscale tropical convective lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 510-519.
27. Liu, G., and J. A. Curry, 1992: Retrieval of precipitation from satellite microwave measurements using both emission and scattering. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9959-9974.
28. Lucas, C., E. J. Zipser, and M. A. LeMone, 1994: Vertical velocity in oceanic convection off tropical Australia. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3183-3193.
29. Marks, F. D., Jr., and R. A. Houze, 1987: Inner core structure of Hurricane Alicia from airborne Doppler radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1296-1317.
30. McGaughey, G. R., and E. J. Zipser, 1996: Passive microwave observations of the stratiform regions of two tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1949-1962.
31. Mugnai, A., E. A. Smith, and G. J. Tripoli, 1993: Foundations for statistical-physical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements. Part II: Emission-source and generalized weighting-function properties of a time-dependent cloud-radiation model. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 17-39.
32. Olson, W. S., 1989: Physical retrieval of rainfall rates over the ocean by multispectral microwave radiometry: Application to tropical cyclones. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2269-2280.
33. Prabhakara C., G. Dalu, G. L. Liberti, J. J. Nucciarone, and R. Suhasini, 1992: Rainfall estimation over oceans from SMMR and SSM/I microwave data. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 532-551.
34. Short, D. A., and G. R. North, 1990: The beam filling error in the Nimbus 5 Electronically Scanning Microwave Radiometer observations of Global Atlantic Tropical Experiment rainfall. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2187-2193.
35. Simpson, J., 1988: Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM): Report of the science steering group. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, 94 pp.
36. Smith, E. A., A. Mugnai, H. J. Cooper, G. J. Tripoli, and X. Xiang, 1992: Foundations for statistical-physical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements. Part I: Brightness-temperature properties of a time-dependent cloudradiation model. J. Appl Meteor., 31, 506-531.
37. _, X. Xiang, A. Mugnai, R. E. Hood, and R. W. Spencer, 1994: Behavior of an inversion-based precipitation retrieval algorithm with high-resolution AMPR measurements including a low-frequency 10.7-GHz channel. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 858-873.
38. Spencer, R. W., 1986: A satellite passive 37 GHz scattering-based method for measuring oceanic rainrates. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 754-766.
39. _, H. M. Goodman, and R. E. Hood, 1989: Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I Part I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 254-273.
40. _, R. E. Hood, F. J. LaFontaine, E. A. Smith, J. Galliano, and E. Lobl, 1994: High-resolution imaging of rain systems with the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 849-857.
41. Trier, S. B., D. B. Parsons, and M. A. LeMone, 1994: A three-dimensional numerical simulation of a tropical squall line observed during TOGA-COARE. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 45-49.
42. Turk, J., J. Vivekanandan, R. S. Marzano, R. E. Hood, R. W. Spencer, and F. J. LaFontaine, 1994: Active and passive microwave remote sensing of precipitating storms during CaPE. Part I: Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer and polarimetric radar measurements and models. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 54, 3-27.
43. Webster, P. J., and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.
44. Wilheit, T. T., 1986: Some comments on passive microwave measurement of rain. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 1226-1232.
45. _, and L. S. Chiu, 1991: Retrieval of monthly rainfall indices from microwave radiometric measurements using probability distribution functions. J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 8, 118-136.
46. _, A. T. C. Chang, J. L. King, E. B. Rodgers, and J. S. Theon, 1977: A satellite technique for quantitatively mapping rainfall rates over the oceans. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, 551-560.
47. _, and Coauthors, 1982: Microwave radiometric observations near 19.35, 92, and 183 GHz of precipitation in Tropical Storm Cora. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1137-1145.
48. Wu, R., and J. A. Weinman, 1984: Microwave radiances from precipitating clouds containing aspherical ice, combined phase, and liquid hydrometeors. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7170-7178.
49. Vivekanandan, J., J. Turk, and V. N. Bringi, 1993: Comparisons of precipitation measurements by the advanced microwave precipitation radiometer and multiparameter radar. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 31, 860-870.
50. Zipser, E. J., 1969: The role of organized unsaturated convective downdrafts in the structure and rapid decay of an equatorial disturbance. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 799-814.
51. _, 1977: Mesoscale and convective scale downdrafts as distinct components of squall-line structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 1568-1589.
52. _, and M. A. LeMone, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part II: Synthesis and model core structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2458-2469.