Seasonal and annual variability of the diurnal cycle of clouds

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 101, Issue 16, 1996, Pages 21377-21390

  Kondragunta, Chandrasekhara R ^a   Gruber, Arnold ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL VARIATION; CLOUD; DIURNAL CYCLE; EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION; ISCCP; SEASONAL VARIATION;

EID: 0030419592     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd01544     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Brill, K., and B. Albrecht, Diurnal variation of the trade wind boundary layer, Mon. Weather Rev., 10, 601-613, 1982.
2. Cess, R. D., et al., Interpretation of cloud-climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models, Science, 245, 513-516, 1989.
3. Duvel, J. P., Analysis of diurnal, interdiurnal and interannual variations during northern hemisphere summers using METEOSAT infrared channels, J. Clim., 1, 471-484, 1988.
4. Duvel, J. P., Convection over tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean during northern summer, I, Interannual and diurnal variations, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 2782-2799, 1989.
5. Duvel, J. P., and R. S. Kandel, Regional-scale diurnal variations of outgoing infrared radiation observed by METEOSAT, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 335-349, 1985.
6. Fu, R., A. D. DelGenio, and W. R. Rossow, Behavior of deep convective clouds in the tropical Pacific deduced from ISCCP radiances, J. Clim., 3, 1129-1152, 1990.
7. Hartmann, D. L., and E. R, Recker, Diurnal variation of outgoing longwave radiation in the tropics, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 800-812, 1986.
8. Hartmann, D. L., M. E. Ockert-Bell, and M. L. Michelsen, The effect of cloud type on Earth's energy balance: Global analysis, J. Clim., 5, 1281-1304, 1992.
9. Hendon, H. H., and K. Woodberry, The diurnal cycle of tropical convection, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,623-16,637, 1993.
10. Klein, S. A., and D. L. Hartmann, The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds, J. Clim., 6, 1587-1606, 1993.
11. Klein, S. A., D. L. Hartmann, and J. R. Norris, On the relationships among low cloud structure, sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation in the summertime Northeast Pacific, J. Clim., 8, 1140-1155, 1995.
12. Kondragunta, C. R., and A. Gruber, Diurnal variation of the ISCCP cloudiness, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2015-2018, 1994.
13. Kutzbach, J. E., Empirical eigenvectors of sea level pressure, surface temperature and precipitation complexes over North America, J. Appl. Meteorol., 6, 791-802, 1967.
14. Meisner, B. N., and P. A. Arkin, Spatial and annual variation in the diurnal cycle of large-scale tropical convective cloudiness and precipitation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 2009-2032, 1987.
15. Minnis P., and E. F. Harrison, Diurnal variability of regional cloud and clear-sky radiative parameters derived from GOES data, II, November 1978 cloud distributions, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 1032-1051, 1984.
16. Murakami, M., Analysis of the deep convective activity over the western Pacific and Southeast Asia, I. Diurnal variation, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 61, 60-75, 1983.
17. North, G. R., T. L. Bell, R. F. Cahalan, and F. J. Moeng, Sampling errors in the estimations of empirical orthogonal functions, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, 699-706, 1982.
18. Ohring, G., and P. Clapp, The effect of changes in cloud amount on the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 447-454, 1980.
19. Reed, R. J., and K. D. Jaffe, Diurnal variation of summer convection over west Africa and the tropical eastern Atlantic during 1974 and 1978, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 2527-2534, 1981.
20. Rossow, W. B., and L. C. Garder, Cloud detection using satellite measurement of infrared visible radiances for ISCCP, J. Clim., 6, 2341-2369, 1993a.
21. Rossow, W. B., and L. C. Garder, Validation of ISCCP cloud detection, J. Clim., 6, 2370-2390, 1993b.
22. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer, ISCCP cloud data products, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, 2-20, 1991.
23. Rossow, W. B., A. W. Walker, and L. C. Garder, Comparison of ISCCP and other cloud amounts, J. Clim., 6, 2394-2418, 1993.
24. Rozendaal, M. A., C. B. Leavy, and S. A. Klein, An observational study of diurnal variations of marine stratiform cloud, J. Clim., 8, 1795-1809, 1995.
25. Short, D. A., and J. M. Wallace, Satellite inferred morning to evening cloudiness changes, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1160-1169, 1980.
26. Slingo, J. M., A cloud parameterization scheme derived from GATE data for use with a numerical model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 747-770, 1980.
27. Slingo, J. M., The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 899-927, 1987.
28. Slingo, A., and J. M. Slingo, Response of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate model to improvements in the representation of clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,341-15,357, 1991.
29. Stowe, L. L., C. G. Wellemeyer, T. F. Eck, H. Y. M. Yeh, and Nimbus 7 Cloud Data Processing Team, Nimbus 7 global cloud climatology. I, Algorithm and validation, J. Clim., 1, 445-470, 1988.
30. Stowe, L. L., H. Y. M. Yeh, T. F. Eck, C. G. Wellemeyer, H. L. Kyle, and Nimbus 7 Cloud Data Processing Team, Nimbus-7 global cloud climatology, II, First year results, J. Clim., 2, 671-709, 1989.
31. Wallace, J. M., Diurnal variation in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States, Mon. Weather Rev., 103, 406-419, 1975.
32. Wallace, J. M., R. L. Panetta, and J. Estberg, Representation of the equatorial stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation is EOF phase space, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1751-1762, 1992.
33. Wilson, C. A., and J. F. B. Mitchell, Diurnal variation and cloud in general circulation model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 347-369, 1986.