Dilemmas of economic and political modernisation in Chile: A jaguar that wants to be a puma

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 725-736

  Sznajder, Mario ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATISATION; ECONOMIC REFORM; INDUSTRIALISATION; POLITICAL CONTEXT;

CHILE;

EID: 0030417275     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436599615344     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. EIU, Country Report. Chile, p 31.
2. M Sznajder, 'Sociedad civil y democracia limitada: una perspectiva comparada', Papel Político, Vol 1, No 1, 1995, pp 23-27.
3. M A Garretón, The Chilean Political Process, Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1989, pp 208-209. Garretón coined the concept of 'authoritarian enclaves' to explain the role and function of the legacies of authoritarianism in Chile and elsewhere.
4. J Fermandois & M A Morris, 'Democracy in Chile. Transition and consolidation, 1987-2000', Conflict Studies, 279, March/April 1995, p 5.
5. M Sznajder, 'Legitimidad y poder políticos frente a las herencias autoritarias: transición y consolidación democrática en América Latina', E.I.A.L., Vol 1, No 4, 1993, p 47.
6. J Lavin, Chile Revolución Silenciosa, Santiago: Zig Zag, 1987, p 21 ff.
7. 'El Ladrillo' Bases de la política económica del gobierno militar chileno, Santiago: Centro de Estudios Públicos, pp 11-12.
8. A Fontaine, Los economistas y el presidente Pinochet, Santiago: Zig Zag, 1988, pp 183-188.
9. M Delano & H Traslaviña, La herencia de los Chicago Boys, Santiago: Ornitorrinco, 1989, pp 16-21.
10. P Vergara, Auge y caída del neoliberalismo en Chile, Santiago: FLACSO, 1985, pp 11-13.
11. A Angell, 'Chile since 1958', in L Bethell, ed, Chile since Independence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p 184.
12. R Ffrench-Davis, 'Economic development and equity in Chile: legacies and challenges in the return to democracy', IDS Discussion Paper, 1993, pp 13-14.
13. J Pearce, 'Chile: a divided society', in A Leftwich, ed, Democracy and Development. Theory and Practice, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996, pp 180-181.
14. R Ffrench-Davis, 'Economic development and equity in Chile', pp 5-7.
15. D Hojman, 'Chile after Pinochet', Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol 1, No 9, 1990, p 28, 31.
16. R Espíndola, 'Democracy and redistribution: the problems of governance in Chile', in D Hojman, ed, Neoliberalism with a Human Face? The Politics and Economics of the Chilean Model, Liverpool: University of Liverpool Institute of Latin American Studies, 1995, p 69.
17. D Hojman, 'Introduction', in Neoliberalism with a Human Face, p 9. Studies on social expenditure in Chile during the democratic period - 1990-1993 - indicate that, without considering social security, the distributive structure of social expenditure is slightly positive, reaching a Gini Index figure of 0.13 for the period under consideration. See, Panorama Social de América Latina 1994, Santiago de Chile, Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, 1994, pp 63-68.
18. D Hojman, 'Introduction', in Neoliberalism with a Human Face, p 9. Studies on social expenditure in Chile during the democratic period - 1990-1993 - indicate that, without considering social security, the distributive structure of social expenditure is slightly positive, reaching a Gini Index figure of 0.13 for the period under consideration. See, Panorama Social de América Latina 1994, Santiago de Chile, Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, 1994, pp 63-68.
19. D Hojman, 'Rent-seeking in Chile: growth, distribution and poverty in a successful Third World economy', paper presented to the European Public Choice Society Meeting, Bar Ilan, Israel, 10-13 March 1996, p 19. In this work Hojman explains the shifts in income distribution as a result of rent-seeking.
20. R Zahler, 'Reunión con los profesionales de medios de comunicación', Boletín del Banco Central de Chile, December 1992, p 3185, quoted in Hojman, 'Introduction', pp 10-11.
21. R Zahler, 'Reunión con los profesionales de medios de comunicación', Boletín del Banco Central de Chile, December 1992, p 3185, quoted in Hojman, 'Introduction', pp 10-11.
22. Country Report. Chile, p 3. On this point it is useful to see the conclusions of Adam Przeworski et al about the conditions for the survival of democracies. Higher levels of development ensure democratic survival but the two main factors for democratic survival are: the generation of economic growth and the control of distributional pressures by allowing some inflation and reducing income inequality. As we have seen in this article, Chile has been more successful in ensuring growth than in distributing income. The dismantling of the institutional authoritarian enclaves seems to be a sine qua non to ensure the functioning of the second factor. A Przeworski, M Alvarez, J A Cheibub & F Limongi, 'What makes democracies endure?', Journal of Democracy, Vol 7, No 1, 1996, p 50.
23. Country Report. Chile, p 3. On this point it is useful to see the conclusions of Adam Przeworski et al about the conditions for the survival of democracies. Higher levels of development ensure democratic survival but the two main factors for democratic survival are: the generation of economic growth and the control of distributional pressures by allowing some inflation and reducing income inequality. As we have seen in this article, Chile has been more successful in ensuring growth than in distributing income. The dismantling of the institutional authoritarian enclaves seems to be a sine qua non to ensure the functioning of the second factor. A Przeworski, M Alvarez, J A Cheibub & F Limongi, 'What makes democracies endure?', Journal of Democracy, Vol 7, No 1, 1996, p 50.
24. 'Grandes logros de Chile en todos los planos económicos', Aurora (Santiago de Chile: EFE), 27 June 1996, p 9.
25. M A Garretón, Hacia una nueva era político. Estudio sobre las democratizaciones, Santiago y México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1995, pp 151-152. Here we also agree with the conclusions of Patricio Silva in P Silva, 'Modernization, consumerism and politics in Chile', in Hojman, Neoliberalism with a Human Face, p 129.
26. M A Garretón, Hacia una nueva era político. Estudio sobre las democratizaciones, Santiago y México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1995, pp 151-152. Here we also agree with the conclusions of Patricio Silva in P Silva, 'Modernization, consumerism and politics in Chile', in Hojman, Neoliberalism with a Human Face, p 129.
27. S Gill, 'Globalization, market civilization, and disciplinary neoliberalism', Millenium, Vol 3, No 24, 1995, pp 420-422.
28. See, 'Problems grow in concertacion' and 'Reforms blocked by right wing split', in Latin American Regional Reports - Southern Cone, 30 May 1996, p 7.