Cannibalism regulates densities of young wolf spiders: Evidence from field and laboratory experiments

Ecology

Volumn 77, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 639-652

  Wagner, James D ^a,c   Wise, David H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^c TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cannibalism; Density dependent mortality; Field experiment; Habitat complexity; Laboratory experiment; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Maryland; Population regulation; Predator exclusion; Rates of cannibalism; Schizocosa ocreata

Indexed keywords

ARANEAE; AVES; BOERHAVIA; CANIS; CHILOPODA; COLEOPTERA; COLLEMBOLA; LYCOSIDAE; SCHIZOCOSA OCREATA; VESPIDAE;

CANNIBALISM; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; MORTALITY; POPULATION DENSITY; POPULATION REGULATION; WOLF SPIDER;

USA, MARYLAND;

EID: 0030404883     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2265637     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Agarwala, B. K., and A. F. G. Dixon. 1992. Laboratory study of cannibalism and interspecific predation in ladybirds. Ecological Entomology 17:303-309.
2. Andersen, R. M., and R. M. May. 1981. The population dynamics of microparasites and their hosts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B, Biological Sciences 291:451-524.
3. Anholt, B. R. 1990. An experimental separation of interference and exploitative competition in a larval damselfly. Ecology 71:1483-1493.
4. Aspey, W. P. 1974. Ontogeny of display in immature Schizocosa crassipes (Araneae: Lycosidae). Psyche 82:174-180.
5. Bishop, L. 1990. Entomophagous fungi as mortality agents of ballooning spiderlings. Journal of Arachnology 18:237-238.
6. Convey, P. 1988. Competition for perches between larval damselflies: the influence of perch use on feeding efficiency, growth rate and predator avoidance. Freshwater Biology 19:15-28.
7. Crowley, P. H., and K. R. Hopper. 1994. How to behave around cannibals: a density-dependent dynamic game. American Naturalist 143:117-154.
8. Crowley, P. H., R. M. Nisbet, W. S. C. Gurney, and J. H. Lawton. 1987. Population regulation in animals with complex life-histories: formulation and analysis of a damselfly model. Advances in Ecological Research 17:1-59.
9. Gushing, J. M. 1991. A simple model of cannibalism. Mathematical Biosciences 107:47-71.
10. Diekmann, O., R. M. Nisbet, W. S. C. Gurney, and F. van den Bosch. 1986. Simple mathematical models for cannibalism: a critique and a new approach. Mathematical Biosciences 78:21-46.
11. Dondale, C. D., and J. H. Redner. 1978. Revision of the nearctic wolf spider genus Schizocosa (Araneida: Lycosidae). Canadian Entomologist 110:143-181.
12. Dwyer, G., and J. S. Elkinton. 1993. Using simple models to predict virus epizootics in gypsy moth populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 62:1-11.
13. Edgar, W. D. 1969. Prey and predators of the wolf spider Lycosa lugubris. Journal of Zoology (London) 159:405-411.
14. Fleming, S. B., J. Kalmakoff, R. D. Archibald, and K. M. Stewart. 1986. Density-dependent virus mortality in populations of Wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 48:193-198.
15. Foelix, R. 1982. Biology of spiders. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
16. Fox, L. 1975a. Cannibalism in natural populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 6:97-106.
17. _. 1975b. Some demographic consequences of food shortage for the predator, Notonecta hoffmanni. Ecology 56:868-880.
18. Frauenthal, J. C. 1983. Some simple models of cannibalism. Mathematical Biosciences 63:87-98.
19. Gabriel, W. 1985. Overcoming food limitation by cannibalism: a model study on cyclopoids. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 21:373-381.
20. Gabriel, W., and W. Lampert. 1985. Can cannibalism be advantageous in cyclopoids? A mathematical model. Internationale Vereininigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, Verhandlungen 22:3164-3168.
21. Greenstone, M. H. 1987. Susceptibility of spider species to the fungus Nomuraea atypicola. Journal of Arachnology 15:266-268.
22. Hagstrum, D. W. 1970. Ecological energetics of the spider Tarentula kochi (Araneae: Lycosidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63:1297-1304.
23. Hallander, H. 1970. Prey, cannibalism, and microhabitat selection in the wolf spiders Pardosa chelata O. F. Muller and P. pullata Clerck. Oikos 21:337-340.
24. Hastings, A., and R. F. Costantino. 1991. Oscillation in population numbers: age-dependent cannibalism. Journal of Animal Ecology 60:471-482.
25. Higashi, G. A., and J. S. Rovner. 1975. Post-emergent behaviour of juvenile lycosid spiders. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3:113-119.
26. Horton, C. C., and D. H. Wise. 1983. The experimental analysis of competition between two syntopic species of orbweb spiders (Araneae: Araneidae). Ecology 64:929-944.
27. Jaffee, B., R. Phillips, A. Muldoon, and M. Mangel. 1992. Density-dependent host-pathogen dynamics in soil microcosms. Ecology 73:495-506.
28. Johansson, F. 1992. Effects of zooplankton availability and foraging mode on cannibalism in three dragonfly larvae. Occologia 91:179-183.
29. _. 1993. Intraguild predation and cannibalism in odonate larvae: effects of foraging behavior and Zooplankton availability. Oikos 66:80-87.
30. Kempson, D., M. Lloyd, and R. Ghelardi. 1963. A new extractor for woodland litter. Pedobiologia 3:1-21.
31. Koomans, M. J., S. W. F. van der Ploeg, and H. Dijkstra. 1974. Leg wave behaviour of wolf spiders of the genus Pardosa (Lycosidae, Araneae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3:53-61.
32. Land, M. F. 1985. The morphology and optics of spider eyes. Pages 53-73 in F. G. Barth, editor. Neurobiology of arachnids. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
33. Landahl, H. D., and B. D. Hansen. 1975. A three stage population model with cannibalism. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 37:11-17.
34. Lconardsson, K. 1991. Effects of cannibalism and alternative prey on population dynamics of Sauna entomon (Isopoda). Ecology 72:1273-1285.
35. Lizotte, R. S., and J. S. Rovner. 1988. Nocturnal capture of fireflies by lycosid spiders: visual versus vibratory stimuli. Animal Behavior 36:1-7.
36. Manley, G. V., J. W. Butcher, and M. Zabik. 1976. DDT transfer and metabolism in a forest litter macro-arthropod food chain. Pedobiologia 16:81-98.
37. Mertz, D. B. 1969. Age-distribution and abundance in populations of flour beetles. I. Experimental studies. Ecological Monographs 39:1-31.
38. Moulder, B. C., and D. E. Reichle. 1972. Significance of spider predation in the energy dynamics of forest floor arthropod communities. Ecological Monographs 42:473-498.
39. Murray, J. B. 1990. Mathematical biology. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
40. Oraze, M. J., and A. A. Grigarick. 1989. Biological control of Aster leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) by Pardosa ramulosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) in California rice fields. Journal of Economic Entomology 82:745-749.
41. Orr, B. K., W. W. Murdoch, and J. R. Bence. 1990. Population regulation, convergence, and cannibalism in Notonecta (Hemiptera). Ecology 71:68-82.
42. Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1987. Nematode parasites of spiders. Pages 299-307 in W. Nentwig, editor. Ecophysiology of spiders. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
43. Polis, G. A. 1980. The significance of cannibalism on the demography and activity of a natural population of desert scorpions. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 7:25-35.
44. _. 1981. The evolution and dynamics of intraspecific predation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 12:225-251.
45. _. 1988. Exploitation competition and the evolution of interference, cannibalism, and intraguild predation in age/ size-structured populations. Pages 185-201 in B. Ebenman and L. Persson, editors. Size-structured populations: ecology and evolution. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
46. Polis, G. A., and S. J. McCormick. 1987. Intraguild predation and competition among desert scorpions. Ecology 68:332-343.
47. Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
48. Riechen, S. E. 1978. Games spiders play: behavioral variability in territorial disputes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 3:135-162.
49. Riechert, S. E., and T. Lockley. 1984. Spiders as biological control agents. Annual Review of Entomology 29:299-320.
50. Rovner, J. S. 1967. Acoustic communication in a lycosid spider (Lycosa rabida) Walckenaer. Animal Behaviour 15:273-281.
51. Rypstra, A. L. 1983. The importance of food and space in limiting web-spider densities: a test using field enclosures. Oecologia 59:312-316.
52. SAS Institute. 1990. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6.08, Fourth Edition. SAS Institute, Inc., Gary, North Carolina, USA.
53. Schauermann, J. 1982. Verbesserte Extraktion der terrestrischen Bodenfauna im Vielfachgeraet modifiziert nach Kempson und Macfadyen. Mitteilungen aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich (Ökosysteme auf Kalkgestein) 135(1):47-50.
54. Spiller, D. A. 1984a. Competition between two spider species: experimental field study. Ecology 65:909-919.
55. _. 1984b. Seasonal reversal of competitive advantage between two spider species. Oecologia 64:322-331.
56. Stratton, G. E. 1991. A new species of wolf spider, Schizocosa stridulans (Araneae: Lycosidac). Journal of Arachnology 19:29-39.
57. _. 1984. Behavioral studies of wolf spiders: a review of recent studies. Revue arachnologique 6:57-70.
58. Thompson, D. J. 1987. Regulation of damselfty populations: the effects of weed density on larval mortality due to pre dation. Freshwater Biology 17:367-371.
59. Uetz, G. W. 1991. Habitat structure and spider foraging. Pages 235-348 in S. S. Bell, E. D. McCoy, and H. R. Mushinsky, editors. Habitat structure: the physical arrangement of objects in space. Chapman & Hall, London, England.
60. Van Buskirk, J. 1989. Density-dependent cannibalism in larval dragonflies. Ecology 70:1442-1449.
61. van den Bosch, F., A. M. de Roos, and W. Gabriel. 1988. Cannibalism as a life boat mechanism. Journal of Mathematical Biology 26:619-633.
62. Van Hook, R. I. 1971. Energy and nutrient dynamics of spider and orthopteran populations in a grassland ecosystem. Ecological Monographs 41:1-26.
63. Wagner, J. D. 1995. Egg sac inhibits filial cannibalism in the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata. Animal Behaviour 50:555-557.
64. Wise, D. H. 1981. Inter- and intraspecific effects of density manipulations upon females of two orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae). Oecologia 48:252-256.
65. _. 1983. Competitive mechanisms in a food-limited species: relative importance of interference and exploitative interactions among labyrinth spiders (Araneae: Araneidae). Oecologia 58:1-9.
66. _. 1993. Spiders in ecological webs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
67. Wise, D. H., and J. D. Wagner. 1992. Exploitative competition for prey among young stages of the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata. Oecologia 91:7-13.
68. Yeargan, K. V. 1975. Prey and periodicity of Pardosa ramulosa (McCook) in alfalfa. Environmental Entomology 4:137-141.