The final collision zone between East and West Gondwana: Where is it?

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 271-287

  Shackleton, R M ^a  

^a Croft Barn   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL COLLISION; GONDWANA; PROTEROZOIC; SUTURE ZONE; TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION;

AFRICA; ANTARCTICA;

EID: 0030404591     PISSN: 08995362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00002-X     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Allsopp, H. L., Kramers, J., Jones, D. I. and Erlank, A. V. 1989. The age of the Umkondo Group, eastern Zimbabwe, and implications for palaeomagnetic correlations. South African Journal Geology 93, 11-19.
2. Ashwal, L. D., Morel, V. P. and Hamilton, M. A. 1995. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd geochronology of massif-type anorthosites, southwest Madagascar. Geological Society South Africa Centennial Geocongress (1995). Extended Abstracts 1, 206-209.
3. Baker, B. H. 1963. Geology of the Baragoi Area. Geological Survey of Kenya. Report 53. 74p, map.
4. Barr, M. W. C. and Brown, M. A. 1987. Precambrian gabbro-anorthosite complex, Tete Province, Mozambique. Geological Journal (thematic issue), 22, 139-159.
5. Barton, C. M., Carney, J. N., Crow, M. J., Evans, J. A. and Simango, S. 1993. Geological and structural framework of the Zambezi Belt, northeastern Zimbabwe. In: Gondwana Eight. (Edited by Findlay, R. H., Unrug, R., Banks, M. R. and Veevers, J. J.) Balkema, Rotterdam.
6. Beraki, W. H., Bonavia, F. F., Getachew, T., Schnerold, T. and Tarekegh, T. 1989. The Adola fold and thrust Belt, southern Ethiopia: a re-examination with implications for Pan-African evolution. Geological Magazine 126, 647-657.
7. Berhe, S. M. 1990. Ophiolites in northeast and east Africa: implications for Pan-African crustal growth. Journal Geological Society London 147, 41-57.
8. Caby, R. 1982. Petrological and structural observations from the Nuqrah area and some remarks concerning the crustal history of the northern Najd Province, Saudi Arabia. In: Pan-African Crustal Evolution in Arabia and northeast Africa. (Edited by Al Shanti, A. M.) Precambrian Research 16, A11-A12.
9. Cahen, L. and Snelling, N. J. 1984. The Geochronology and Evolution of Africa. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 512p.
10. Charsley, T. J. 1987. Geology of the Laisamis area. Report 106. Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Republic of Kenya.
11. Coolen, J. J. M. M. M. 1980. Chemical Petrology of the Furua granulite complex, southern Tanzania. Academische Proeschrift. Vreije Universiteit te Amsterdam. 258p.
12. Coolen, J. J. M. M. M., Priem, H. N. A., Verdurmen, E. A. Th. and Verschure, R. H. 1982. Possible zircon U-Pb evidence for Pan-African granulite-facies metamorphism in the Mozambique Belt of southern Tanzania. Precambrian Research 17, 31-40.
13. Corner, B. 1994. Geological evolution of western Dronning Maud Land within a Gondwana framework: Geophysical subprogramme. Final project report to DEA, Pretoria. 21p.
14. Corner, B. 1995. The Namaqua-Natal-Maudheim Belt: geophysical signatures within Gondwana. Geological Society South Africa Centennial Geocongress (1995). Extended Abstracts 1, 210-213.
15. Dalziel, W. D. 1991. Pacific margins of Laurentia and East Antarctica-Australia as a conjugate rift pair: Evidence and implications for an Eocambrian supercontinent. Geology 19, 598-601.
16. Davidson, A., Shiferaw, A., Davies, J. C., Moore, J. M. and Taferra, M. 1976. Preliminary Report on the Geology and Geochemistry of parts of Gemu Gofa, Kefa and Iluabbor Provinces, Ethiopia. (Ethiopian Government Ministry of Mines and Power). Omo River Project Preliminary Report No. 2. 28p.
17. Denkler, T., Franz, G., Schandelmeier, H., Harms, U., Darbyshire, D. P. E. and Pilot, J. 1993. Evolution of the south-western part of the Atmur-Delgo suture. In: Geotectonic Research in Northeast Africa pp82-89. (Edited by Thorweihe, U. and Schandelmeier, H.) Balkema, Rotterdam.
18. Denkler, T., Franz, G. and Schandelmeier, H. 1994. Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Delgo suture zone. Northern Sudan. Geologische Rundschau 83, 578-590.
19. De Wit, M., Vitali, S. and Ashwal, L. 1995. Gondwana reconstruction of the East Africa-Madagascar-India-Sri Lanka-Antarctica fragments revisited. Geological Society South Africa Centennial Geocongress Extended Abstracts, 1 218-221.
20. El Shazly, E. M., Bassyouni, F. A. and Abdel Khalek, M. I. 1975. Geology of the Greater Abu Swayel Area. Egyptian Journal Geology 19, 1-41.
21. Ferrar, G. 1995. Orogenic implications deduced from the metamorphic history of the Armalsryggen, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Geological Society South Africa Centennial Geocongress (1995). Extended Abstracts 1, 222-225.
22. Frisch, W., and Pohl, 1986. Petrochemistry of some mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Mozambique Belt, SE Kenya. Mitteilungen. Österreichisch geologische Gesellschaft. 78, 97-114
23. Gabert, G. and Wendt, E. 1974. Datierung von granitischen gesteinen im Dodoman und Usagaran-System und im der Ndembera-Serie (Tanzania). Geologische Jahrbuch, B11, 3-55.
24. Gansser, A. 1974. The ophiolite melange, a world-wide problem on Tethyan examples. Ecologae geologicae Helvetiae 67, 459-507.
25. Grantham, G. H., Jackson, C., Moyes, A. B., Groenewald, P. B., Harris, P. D., Ferrar, G. and Krynauw, J. R. 1995. Tectonothermal evolution of the Kirwanveggan-H.U. Sverdrupfjella areas, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Precambrian Research 75, 209-229.
26. Groenewald, B., Grantham, G. H. and Watkeys, M. K. 1991. Geological evidence for a Proterozoic to Mesozoic link between southeast Asia and Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Journal Geological Society London 148, 1115-1123.
27. Harris N. B. W., Gass, I. G. and Hawkesworth, C. J. 1990. A geochemical approach to allochthonous terranes: a Pan-African case study. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London A331, 533-548.
28. Harris, N. B. W., Bartlett, J. M. and Santosh, M. 1995. Crustal evolution of high-grade metamorphism in the South India segment of Gondwanaland. Geological Society South Africa Centennial Geocongress (1995). Extended Abstracts 1, 377.
29. Holmes, A. 1951. The sequence of Pre-Cambrian orogenic belts in south and central Africa. 18th International Geological Congress, Great Britain 1948. Part XIV, 254-269.
30. Jackson, C. 1995. Colinear deformation within the Meso-NeoProterozoic Kirwanveggan terrain of western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica - implications for tectonic models. Geological Society South Africa Centennial Geocongress (1995). Extended Abstracts 1, 244-246.
31. Jacobs, J. and Thomas, R. J. 1994. Oblique collision at about 1.1 Ga along the southern margin of the Kaapvaal continent, south-east Africa. Geologische Rundschau 83, 322-333.
32. 39Ar and apatite fission-track evidence for Neoproterozoic rejuvenation events in the Heimfrontfjella and Manifalt Knausana (East Antarctica). Precambrian Research 75, 251-262.
33. Kamenev, N. 1993. Structure and evolution of the Antarctic Shield in Precambrian. In: Gondwana Eight (Edited by Findlay, R. H., Unrug, R., Banks, M. R. and Veevers, J. J.) pp141-151. Balkema, Rotterdam.
34. Key, R. M., Charsley, T. J., Hackman, B. D., Wilkinson, A. F. and Rundle, C. C. 1989. Superimposed Upper Proterozoic collision-controlled orogenies in the Mozambique Orogenic Belt of Kenya. Precambrian Research 44, 197-225.
35. Kleinschrodt, R. 1994. Large scale thrusting in the lower crustal basement of Sri Lanka. Precambrian Research 66, 39-47.
36. Kröner, A., Greiling, R., Reischmann, T., Hussein, I. M., Stern, R. J., Durr, S., Kruger, J. and Zimmer, M. 1987. Pan-African microplate evolution in the Nubian segment of northeast Africa. In: Precambrian Lithosphere Evolution (Edited by Kröner, A.) American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series 17, 235-257.
37. Kröner, A., Todt, W., Hussein, I. M., Mansour, M. and Rashwan, A. A. 1992. Dating of late Proterozoic ophiolites in Egypt and the Sudan using the single grain zircon evaporation technique. Precambrian Research 59, 15-32.
38. Lenoir, J. J., Küster, D., Liégeois, J. P., Utke, A., Haider, A. and Matheis, G. 1994. Origin and regional significance of Late Precambrian and early Palaeozoic granitoids in the Pan-African Belt of Somalia. Geologische Rundschau 83, 624-641.
39. Li, Z. X. and McPowell, C. 1993. Late Proterozoic to Early Palaeozoic palaeomagnetism and the formation of Gondwanaland. In: Gondwana Eight (Edited by Findlay, R. H., Unrug, R., Banks, M. R. and Veevers, J. J.) Balkema, Rotterdam.
40. Maboko, M. A. H. 1995. Neodymium isotopic constraints on the protolith age of rocks involved in Pan-African tectonism in the Mozambique Belt of Tanzania. Journal Geological Society London 152, 911-916.
41. Matthews, P. E. 1981. Eastern or Natal Sector of the Namaqua-Natal mobile belt in southern Africa. In: Precambrian of the Southern Hemisphere, (Edited by Hunter, D. R.) pp705-714. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
42. Mengist Teklay, Kröner, A. and Oberhänsli, R. 1993. Reconnaissance Pb-Pb zircon ages from the Precambrian rocks in eastern and southern Ethiopia and an attempt to define crustal provinces. In: Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. (Edited by Thorweise, U. and Schandelmeier, H.) pp133-158. Balkema, Rotterdam.
43. Millson, J. A., Mercadier, C. G. L., Livera, S. E. and Peters, J. M. 1996. The Lower Palaeozoic of Oman and its context in the evolution of the Gondwanan continental margin. Journal Geological Society London 153, 213-230.
44. Morel, V. P. I., Randrianasolo, I. G., de Wit, M. J. and Ashwal, L. D. 1995. Structure and tectonics of the Ampanihy Shear Zone in the vicinity of the Ankafotia anorthosite massif, S.W. Madagascar. Geological Society South Africa Centennial Geocongress (1995). Extended Abstracts 1, 253-256.
45. Mosley, P. N. 1993. Geological evolution of the Late Proterozoic "Mozambique Belt" of Kenya. Tectonophysics 221, 223-250.
46. Moyes, A. B. and Knoper, M. W. 1995. A mesoproterozoic (± 1100 Ma) foreland fold and thrust Belt in Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Geological Society of South Africa Centennial Geocongress (1995). Extended Abstracts 1, 257-260.
47. Mulugeta-Alene and Barker, A. 1993. Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Moyale region, southern Ethiopia. Precambrian Research 62, 271-283.
48. Pallister, J. S., Stacey, J. S., Fischer, L. B. and Premo, W. R. 1987. Arabian Shield ophiolites and Late Proterozoic microplate accretion. Geology 15, 320-323.
49. Pallister, J. S., Stacey, J. S., Fischer, L. B. and Premo, W. R. 1988. Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U-Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion. Precambrian Research 38; 1-54
50. Pinna, P., Jourde, G., Calvez, Y., Mroz, J. P. and Marques, J. M. 1993. The Mozambique Belt in northern Mozambique: Neoproterozoic (1100-850 Ma) crustal growth and tectogenesis, and superimposed Pan-African (800-550 Ma) tectonism. Precambrian Research 62, 1-59.
51. Prodehl, C. 1985. Interpretation of a seismic refraction survey across the Arabian Shield in western Saudi Arabia. Tectonics 111, 247-282.
52. Quick, J. E. 1991. Late Proterozoic transpression in the Nabitah Fault System and implications for the assembly of the Arabian Shield. Precambrian Research 53, 119-147.
53. Ries, A. C., Shackleton, R. M., Graham, R. H. and Fitches, W. B. 1983. Pan-African structures, ophiolites and melange in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: a traverse at 26°N. Journal Geological Society London 140, 75-95.
54. Ries, A. C., Vearncombe, J. R., Price, R. C. and Shackleton, R. M. 1992. Geochronology and geochemistry of the rocks associated with a Late Proterozoic ophiolite in West Pokot, NW Kenya. Journal African Earth Sciences 14, 25-36.
55. Sacchi, R., Marques, J. M., Costa, M. and Casati, C. 1984. Kibaran events in the southernmost Mozambique Belt. Precambrian Research 25, 141-159.
56. Shackleton, R. M. 1993. Tectonics of the Mozambique Belt in East Africa. In: Precambrian Processes and Plate Tectonics. (Edited by Pritchard, H. M., Alabaster, T., Harris, N. B. W. and Neary, C. R.) Geological Society Special Publication 76, 345-362.
57. Shackleton, R. M. 1994. Review of Late Proterozoic sutures, ophiolite melanges and tectonics of Eastern Egypt and northeast Sudan. Geologische Rundschau 83, 537-546.
58. Steiner, L. 1987. The Nuba ophiolite and its geologic setting. In: Current Research In African Earth Sciences. (Edited by Matheis, G. and Schandelmeier, H.) pp101-108. Balkema, Rotterdam.
59. Stern, R. J. 1993. Tectonic evolution of the Late Proterozoic East African Orogen: constraints from crustal evolution of the Arabian-Nubian Shield and the Mozambique Belt. In: Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa (Edited by Thorweihe, U. and Schandelmeier, H.) Balkema, Rotterdam.
60. Stern, R. J. 1994. The Assembly and Continental Collision in the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen: Implications for the consolidation of Gondwana. Annual Review Earth Planetary Sciences 22, 319-333.
61. Stern, R. J. and Kröner, A. 1993. Late Precambrian crustal evolution in the NE Sudan; isotopic and geologic contrasts. Journal Geology 101, 555-574.
62. Stern, R. J., Kröner, A., Bender, R., Reischmann, T. and Dawoud, A. S. 1994. Precambrian basement around Wadi Halfa, Sudan: a new perspective on the evolution of the East Saharan Craton. Geologische Rundschau, 83, 564-577.
63. Stern, R. J., Nutsen, K. C., Best, E., Sultan, M., Arundson, R. E. and Kröner, A. 1990. Orientation of late Precambrian sutures in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Geology 18, 1103-1100.
64. Stoeser, D. B. 1986. Distribution and tectonic setting of plutonic rocks of the Arabian Shield. Journal African Earth Sciences 4, 21-46.
65. Stoeser, D. B. and Camp, V. R. 1985. Pan-African microplate accretion of the Arabian Shield. Bulletin Geological Society America 96, 817-826.
66. Stoeser, D. B. and Stacey, J. S. 1988. Evolution, U-Pb geochronology and isotope geology of the Pan African Nabitah orogenic Belt of the Saudi Arabian shield. In: The Pan-African Belt of Northeast Africa and Adjacent Areas (Edited by: El Gaby, S. and Greiling, R. O.) pp227-288. Vieweg, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden.
67. Tolessa, S., Bonavia, F. F., Solomon, M., Haik-Meskel, A. and Tefera, E. 1991. Structural pattern of Pan-African rocks around Moyale, southern Ethiopia. Precambrian Research 52, 179-186.
68. Vail, J. R. 1964. Aspects of the stratigraphy and structure of the Umkondo System in the Manica Belt of Southern Rhodesia and Mozambique, and an outline of the Regional Geology. Transactions Geological Society South Africa LXVII, 13-30.
69. Vail, J. R. 1966. Zones of progressive regional metamorphism across the western margin of the Mozambique Belt in Rhodesia and Mozambique. Geological Magazine 103, 231-239.
70. Vearncombe, J. R. 1983. A dismembered ophiolite from the Mozambique Belt, West Pokot, Kenya. Journal African Earth Sciences 1, 133-143.
71. Wendt, J., Besang, W., Harre, H., Kreuzer, A., Lenz, H. and Müller, P. 1972. Age determination of granite intrusions and metamorphic events in the Early Precambrian of Tanzania. 24th International Geological Congress, Montreal. Section 1 295-314.
72. Windley, B. F., Razafiniparany, A., Razakamanana, T. and Ackermand, D. 1994. Tectonic framework of the Precambrian of Madagascar and its Gondwana connections: a review and reappraisal. Geologische Rundschau 83, 642-659.
73. Windley, B. F., Whitehouse, M. J., Mahfood, A. O. and Ba-Bitat, M. A. O. 1996. Early Precambrian gneiss terranes and Pan-African island arcs in Yemen: crustal accretion of the eastern Arabian Shield. Geology 24, 131-134.
74. Young, G. M. 1995. Are Neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of Laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents? Geology 23, 153-156.
75. Tectonic map of Mozambique; 1:2 000 000. 1995. Compiled by Ferrara, M. and Marques, J. M. National Directorate of Geology, Republic of Mozambique.