Inequality and health in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires

Environment and Urbanization

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 43-68

  Arrossi, Silvina ^a,b  

^a Social Development Secretariat   (Argentina)

^b c/o IIED Amèrica Latina ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAUSE OF DEATH; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; HEALTH IMPACT; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; METROPOLITAN AREA; MORTALITY; MORTALITY RATE; URBAN INEQUALITY;

ARGENTINA, BUENOS AIRES;

EID: 0030390839     PISSN: 09562478     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1630/095624796101287265     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Illsey, Raymond (1990), "Comparative review of sources, methodology and knowledge" in Social Science and Medicine Vol.31, No.3, pages 229-236.
2. See special issue of Social Science and Medicine, Vol.31, No.3, 1990.
3. Bahr J. and W. Riner (1993), "Life expectancy and infant mortality in Latin America" in Social Science and Medicine Vol.36, No.10, pages 1373-1382;
4. also Curto de Casas, Isabe (1993), "Geographical inequalities in mortality in Latin America" in Social Science and Medicine Vol.36, No.10, pages 1349-1352;
5. and Nuñez, Norma (1992), Perfiles de mortalidad según condiciones de vida en Venezuela (Mortality Profiles in Accordance with Living Conditions in Venezuela), Panamerican Health Organization.
6. Feachem R. et al. (1993) The Health of Adults in the Developing World, World Bank, Washington DC.
7. See reference 4.
8. It is estimated that about 90 per cent of mortality data for about 72 per cent of Latin America is covered - see reference 3, Curto de Casas (1993).
9. In a study published by the World Bank concerning adult health in the Third World, it was recognized that if countries in the South developed their health policies using the information available by causes, they would be doing no more and no less than wealthier countries. With the exception of the incidence of cancer and some specific notifiable diseases, wealthier countries lack reliable data on morbidity and base their health policies on trends and differentials in the specific mortality rates by cause - see reference 4.
10. Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social - INDEC (1994), Encuesta a población: modulo de utilización y gasto en servicios de salud - aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires (Population Survey: Pattern of Utilization and Expenditure in Health Services), Buenos Aires.
11. Ministry of Health and Social Action (1987), "Agrupamiento de causas de muerte de menores de un año basado en la aplicación de criterios de evitabilidad" ("Grouping of causes of death of infants under the age of one year based on the application of criteria of avoidability") in Boletín del programa nacional de estadísticas de salud No.60, November 1990.
12. INDEC (1993), Necesidades básicas insatisfechas: evolución intercensal 1980-1991, Ministerio de Economía y Obras y Servicios Públicos, June.
13. Defective housing includes camps, huts or dangerous housing, rented houses, bed and breakfast establishments, and those households which meet at least one of the following conditions: no provision of piped water inside the house; no flush toilet; floor of earth or other material which is not ceramic, tiles, mosaic, wood, carpet, plastic, cement or fixed brick (INDEC 1993, see note 10).
14. Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social (Ministry of Health and SocialAction) (1992), Módulo de utilización y gasto en servicios de salud. Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires, situación sanitaria de los menores de un año. Cifras definitivas (Pattern of use and expenditure in health services. Greater Buenos Aires Agglomeration, Health Circumstances of the Under one-year olds. Definitive figures), Series 10, No.5, Buenos Aires, December.
15. This description is due to the fact that children of this age are experiencing a stage of transition which runs from complete dependence on those who look after them to environmental risk factors since they are exposed to numerous injuries (accidents, contact with contaminating materials, ingestion of toxic substances) and without the rigorous protection which they received at their previous stage.
16. Some of the differences between the total rates for each region are due to the fact that cases for which the cause of death was a "missing value" (i.e. not known) were not considered for the analysis.
17. Although the analysis carried out does not make it possible to differentiate between types of disease within each group of causes, a study carried out by the Health Statistics Division of the Ministry of Health and Social Action showed that, in 1989, for children in this age group, traffic and domestic accidents accounted for 45 per cent of violence in Capital Federal, 35 per cent in GBA1 and 38 per cent in GBA2.
18. See Ministry of Health (1994) for more details of the classifications of death in children between the ages of one and four years in accordance with criteria of avoidability.
19. The mortality rate is calculated by place of residence and, therefore, any alteration in the recording of this variable produces differences in the resulting rates.
20. Some of the differences between the total rates for each region are due to the fact that cases for which the cause of death was a missing value were not considered for the analysis.
21. Ministry of Health and Social Action (1994).
22. Some of the differences between the total rates for each region are due to the fact that cases for which the cause of death was a missing value were not considered for the analysis.
23. Ministry of Health and Social Action (1994).
24. Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social (1993), Estadisticas vitales: información básics 1991 (Life and death statistics: basic information for 1991), Buenos Aires.
25. Some of the differences between the total rates for each region are due to the fact that cases for which the cause of death was a missing value were not considered for the analysis.
26. See reference 22.
27. Some of the differences between the total rates for each region are due to the fact that cases for which the cause of death was a missing value were not considered for the analysis.