Numerical and analytical modeling of heat transfer into the skin due to airbag deployment

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Heat Transfer Division, (Publication) HTD

Volumn 324, Issue , 1996, Pages 153-163

  Thomas, Scott K ^a   Eilers, Gary J ^a  

^a Wright State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMOBILE AIR BAGS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXHAUST GASES; JETS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TEMPERATURE; VELOCITY;

AIRBAG DEFLATION TIME; THERMAL BURNS; VENT TO SKIN SPACING;

HEAT TRANSFER;

EID: 0030382621     PISSN: 02725673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Bouchez, J., and Goldstein, R., 1975, "Impingement Cooling from a Circular Jet in a Crossflow," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 18, pp. 719-730.
2. Churchill, S., and Chu, H., 1975, "Correlating Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Free Convection from a Vertical Plate," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 18, pp. 1323-1329.
3. Downs, S., and James, E., 1987, "Jet Impingement Heat Transfer - A Literature Survey," ASME Paper No. 87-HT-35.
4. Falstie-Jensen, N., Spaun, E., Brochner-Mortensen, J., and Falstie-Jensen, S., 1988, "The Influence of Epidermal Thickness on Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure Measurements in Normal Persons," Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigations, Vol. 48, pp. 519-523.
5. Gardon, R., and Cobonpue, J., 1962, "Heat Transfer Between a Flat Plate and Jets of Air Impinging on it," Proc. 2nd Int. Heat Transfer Conf., pp. 454-460.
6. Gardon, R., and Akfirat, J., 1965, "The Role of Turbulence in Determining the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Impinging Jets," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 8, pp. 1261-1272.
7. Goldstein, R., and Behbahani, A., 1982, "Impingement of a Circular Jet With and Without Cross Flow," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 25, pp. 1377-1382.
8. Goldstein, R., Behbahani, A., and Kieger-Heppelmann, K., 1986, "Streamwise Distribution of the Recovery Factor and the Local Heat Transfer Coefficient to an Impinging Circular Air Jet," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 29, pp. 1227-1235.
9. Henriques, F., and Moritz, A., 1947, "Studies of Thermal Injury. Part I: The Conduction of Heat to and Through the Skin and the Temperature Attained Therein. A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation," American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 23, pp. 531-549.
10. Hollworth, B., and Wilson, S., 1983, "Entrainment Effects on Impingement Heat Transfer. Part I: Measurement of Heated Jet Velocity and Temperature Distribution, and Recovery Temperature on Target Surface," ASME Paper No. 83-HT-8.
11. Hollworth, B., and Gero, L., 1984, "Entrainment Effects on Impingement Heat Transfer. Part II: Local Heat Transfer Measurements," ASME Paper No. 84-HT-20.
12. Huelke, D., Roberts, J., and Moore, J., 1993, "Airbags in Crashes: Clinical Studies from Field Investigations," Proc. 13th Int. Tech. Conf. on Experimental Safety Vehicles, pp. 140-148, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.
13. Lytle, D., and Webb, B., 1994, "Air Jet Impingement Heat Transfer at Low Nozzle-Plate Spacings," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 37, pp. 1687-1697.
14. Martin, H., 1977, "Heat and Mass Transfer Between Impinging Gas Jets and Solid Surfaces," Advances in Heat Transfer, Vol. 13, pp. 1-60.
15. Ozisik, M., 1993, Heat Conduction, 2nd Edn., Wiley, New York.
16. Patankar, S., 1980, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Hemisphere, Washington.
17. Reed, M., Schnieder, L., and Burney, R., 1994, "Laboratory Investigations and Mathematical Modeling of Airbag-Induced Skin Burns," SAE Technical Paper No. 942217.
18. Reinfurt, D., Green, A., Campbell, B., and Williams, A., 1993, "Survey of Attitudes of Drivers in Air Bag Deployment Crashes," Technical Report, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, VA.
19. Sparrow, E., Goldstein, R., and Rouf, M., 1975, "Effect of Nozzle Surface Separation Distance on Impingement Heat Transfer for a Jet in a Crossflow," ASME J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 97, pp. 528-533.
20. Wang, J., and Nefske, D., 1988, "A New CAL3D Airbag Inflation Model," SAE Technical Paper No. 880654.
21. Zawacki, B., 1987, The Local Effects of Burn Injury. The Art and Science of Burn Care, Aspen Publishers, Rockville, MD.