메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 237-255

The differential effects of tangible rewards and praise on intrinsic motivation: A comparison of cognitive evaluation theory and operant theory

Author keywords

Intrinsic motivation; Praise; Tangible rewards

Indexed keywords


EID: 0030369930     PISSN: 07386729     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF03393167     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (143)
  • 2
    • 0040739068 scopus 로고
    • Effects of performance feedback and extrinsic reward upon high intrinsic motivation
    • Arnold, H. J. (1976). Effects of performance feedback and extrinsic reward upon high intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 17, 275-288.
    • (1976) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.17 , pp. 275-288
    • Arnold, H.J.1
  • 3
    • 0040144891 scopus 로고
    • Attitude change as a function of the inducement for espousing a pro-attitudinal communication
    • Benware, C., & Deci, E. L. (1975). Attitude change as a function of the inducement for espousing a pro-attitudinal communication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 11, 271-278.
    • (1975) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 271-278
    • Benware, C.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 4
    • 0001058125 scopus 로고
    • Of carrots and sticks: A review of Deci and Ryan's intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior
    • Bernstein, D. J. (1990). Of carrots and sticks: A review of Deci and Ryan's Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 323-332.
    • (1990) Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , vol.54 , pp. 323-332
    • Bernstein, D.J.1
  • 5
    • 0038795670 scopus 로고
    • The effects of verbal reinforcement on intrinsic motivation for sex-linked tasks
    • Blanck, P D., Reis, H. T., & Jackson, L. (1984). The effects of verbal reinforcement on intrinsic motivation for sex-linked tasks. Sex Roles, 10, 369-386.
    • (1984) Sex Roles , vol.10 , pp. 369-386
    • Blanck, P.D.1    Reis, H.T.2    Jackson, L.3
  • 6
    • 0000663854 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive evaluation theory: An experimental test of processes and outcomes
    • Boal, K. B., & Cummings, L. L. (1981). Cognitive evaluation theory: An experimental test of processes and outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 28, 289-310.
    • (1981) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.28 , pp. 289-310
    • Boal, K.B.1    Cummings, L.L.2
  • 8
    • 0040144890 scopus 로고
    • Enhancing and undermining intrinsic motivation: The effects of task-involving and ego-involving evaluation on interest and performance
    • Butler, R. (1988). Enhancing and undermining intrinsic motivation: The effects of task-involving and ego-involving evaluation on interest and performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, 1-14.
    • (1988) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 1-14
    • Butler, R.1
  • 10
    • 85047683055 scopus 로고
    • Responses to an organizational reward: A field test of the sufficiency of justification hypothesis
    • Caldwell, D. F, O'Reilly, C. A., & Morris, J. H. (1983). Responses to an organizational reward: A field test of the sufficiency of justification hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 506-514.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 506-514
    • Caldwell, D.F.1    O'Reilly, C.A.2    Morris, J.H.3
  • 11
    • 84970348460 scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement, reward, and intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis
    • Cameron, J., & Pierce, D. (1994). Reinforcement, reward, and intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 64, 363-423.
    • (1994) Review of Educational Research , vol.64 , pp. 363-423
    • Cameron, J.1    Pierce, D.2
  • 12
    • 84980272401 scopus 로고
    • Systematic reinforcement: Academic performance of underachieving students
    • Chadwick, B. A., & Day, R. C. (1971). Systematic reinforcement: Academic performance of underachieving students. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 4, 311-319.
    • (1971) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , vol.4 , pp. 311-319
    • Chadwick, B.A.1    Day, R.C.2
  • 13
    • 0040144897 scopus 로고
    • The role of incentives in socialization
    • M. R. Lepper & D. L. Greene (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Condry, J. (1978). The role of incentives in socialization. In M. R. Lepper & D. L. Greene (Eds.), The hidden costs of rewards (pp 179-192). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1978) The Hidden Costs of Rewards , pp. 179-192
    • Condry, J.1
  • 14
    • 0038960578 scopus 로고
    • The influence of incentive-aroused ambivalence on overjustification effects in attitude change
    • Crano, W. D., & Sivacek, J. (1984). The influence of incentive-aroused ambivalence on overjustification effects in attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 137-158.
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 137-158
    • Crano, W.D.1    Sivacek, J.2
  • 15
    • 0002865579 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic rewards and emergent motivation
    • M. R. Lepper & D. L. Greene (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1978). Intrinsic rewards and emergent motivation. In M. R. Lepper & D. L. Greene (Eds.), The hidden costs of rewards (pp. 205-216). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1978) The Hidden Costs of Rewards , pp. 205-216
    • Csikszentmihalyi, M.1
  • 16
    • 0007181765 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic motivation as influenced by rewards task interest and task structure
    • Darnel, T. L., & Esser, J. K. (1980). Intrinsic motivation as influenced by rewards task interest and task structure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 566-573.
    • (1980) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 566-573
    • Darnel, T.L.1    Esser, J.K.2
  • 17
    • 0001420430 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive-developmental approach to the effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation
    • Danner F. W., & Lonky, E. (1981). A cognitive-developmental approach to the effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Child Development, 52, 1043-1052
    • (1981) Child Development , vol.52 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Danner, F.W.1    Lonky, E.2
  • 18
    • 0017872867 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic interest and extrinsic reward: The effects of a continuing token program on continuing nonconstrained preference
    • Davidson, P., & Bucher, B. (1978). Intrinsic interest and extrinsic reward: The effects of a continuing token program on continuing nonconstrained preference. Behavior Therapy, 9, 222-234.
    • (1978) Behavior Therapy , vol.9 , pp. 222-234
    • Davidson, P.1    Bucher, B.2
  • 20
    • 58149413180 scopus 로고
    • Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation
    • Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105-115.
    • (1971) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 105-115
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 21
    • 0001493309 scopus 로고
    • Effects of contingent and non-contingent rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation
    • Deci, E. L. (1972a). Effects of contingent and non-contingent rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 8, 217-229.
    • (1972) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.8 , pp. 217-229
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 22
    • 0001493310 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement and inequity
    • Deci, E. L. (1972b). Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 113-120.
    • (1972) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 113-120
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 24
    • 0009289433 scopus 로고
    • The hidden costs of rewards
    • Deci, E. L. (1976a). The hidden costs of rewards. Organizational Dynamics, 4, 61-72.
    • (1976) Organizational Dynamics , vol.4 , pp. 61-72
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 25
    • 0039553572 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the theory and meta-theory of intrinsic motivation
    • Deci, E. L. (1976b). Notes on the theory and meta-theory of intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 15, 130-145.
    • (1976) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.15 , pp. 130-145
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 26
    • 0040739071 scopus 로고
    • Applications of research on the effects of rewards
    • M. R. Lepper & D. Greene (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Deci, E. L. (1978). Applications of research on the effects of rewards. In M. R. Lepper & D. Greene (Eds.), The hidden costs of reward (pp. 193-203). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1978) The Hidden Costs of Reward , pp. 193-203
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 27
    • 0002997191 scopus 로고
    • The relation of interest to the motivation of behavior: A self-determination theory perspective
    • K. Renninger, S. Hidi, & A. Krapp (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Deci, E. L. (1992). The relation of interest to the motivation of behavior: A self-determination theory perspective. In K. Renninger, S. Hidi, & A. Krapp (Eds.), The role of interest in learning and development (pp. 43-70). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1992) The Role of Interest in Learning and Development , pp. 43-70
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 29
    • 0011624886 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive evaluation theory and the study of human motivation
    • M. R. Lepper & D. Greene (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Deci, E. L., & Porac, J. F. (1978). Cognitive evaluation theory and the study of human motivation. In M. R. Lepper & D. Greene (Eds.), The hidden costs of reward (pp. 149-176). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1978) The Hidden Costs of Reward , pp. 149-176
    • Deci, E.L.1    Porac, J.F.2
  • 30
    • 33845225017 scopus 로고
    • The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.). New York: Academic Press
    • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 39-80). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1980) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 39-80
    • Deci, E.L.1    Ryan, R.M.2
  • 33
    • 0025583911 scopus 로고
    • A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality
    • R. Dienstbier (Ed.). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
    • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
    • (1991) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation , pp. 237-288
    • Deci, E.L.1    Ryan, R.M.2
  • 34
    • 0003109350 scopus 로고
    • The initiation and regulation of intrinsically motivated learning and achievement
    • A. Boggiano & T. Pittman (Eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). The initiation and regulation of intrinsically motivated learning and achievement. In A. Boggiano & T. Pittman (Eds.), Achievement and motivation: A social-developmental perspective (pp. 9-36). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992) Achievement and Motivation: A Social-developmental Perspective , pp. 9-36
    • Deci, E.L.1    Ryan, R.M.2
  • 35
    • 0002642757 scopus 로고
    • The detrimental effects of extrinsic reinforcement on "intrinsic motivation."
    • Dickinson, A. M. (1989). The detrimental effects of extrinsic reinforcement on "intrinsic motivation." The Behavior Analyst, 12, 1-15.
    • (1989) The Behavior Analyst , vol.12 , pp. 1-15
    • Dickinson, A.M.1
  • 36
    • 0040739069 scopus 로고
    • Learning and control in the classroom
    • Edwards, C. H. (1994). Learning and control in the classroom. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 21(4), 340-346.
    • (1994) Journal of Instructional Psychology , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 340-346
    • Edwards, C.H.1
  • 37
    • 0039553584 scopus 로고
    • Reward, affect, and young children's motivational orientation
    • Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., Fultz, J., & Miller, P. (1988). Reward, affect, and young children's motivational orientation. Motivation and Emotion, 12, 155-169.
    • (1988) Motivation and Emotion , vol.12 , pp. 155-169
    • Fabes, R.A.1    Eisenberg, N.2    Fultz, J.3    Miller, P.4
  • 39
    • 0040739064 scopus 로고
    • Effects of rewards, competition and outcome on intrinsic motivation
    • Fair, E. M., III, & Silvestri, L. (1992). Effects of rewards, competition and outcome on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 19, 3-8.
    • (1992) Journal of Instructional Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 3-8
    • Fair E.M. III1    Silvestri, L.2
  • 40
    • 0040144878 scopus 로고
    • The creative teacher: Effects of descriptive social reinforcement upon the drawing behavior of three preschool children
    • Fallen, M. R, & Goetz, E. M. (1975). The creative teacher: Effects of descriptive social reinforcement upon the drawing behavior of three preschool children. School Applications of Learning Theory, 7, 27-45.
    • (1975) School Applications of Learning Theory , vol.7 , pp. 27-45
    • Fallen, M.R.1    Goetz, E.M.2
  • 41
    • 0008671026 scopus 로고
    • Task characteristics, reward contingency, and intrinsic motivation
    • Fair, J. L. (1976). task characteristics, reward contingency, and intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 20, 294-307.
    • (1976) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.20 , pp. 294-307
    • Fair, J.L.1
  • 42
    • 0002800808 scopus 로고
    • Further examination of the relationship between reward contingency and intrinsic motivation
    • Farr, J. L., Vance, R. J., & McIntyre, R. M. (1977). Further examination of the relationship between reward contingency and intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 20, 31-53.
    • (1977) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.20 , pp. 31-53
    • Farr, J.L.1    Vance, R.J.2    McIntyre, R.M.3
  • 43
    • 0008981988 scopus 로고
    • On the self-perception explanation of the overjustification effect: The role of the salience of initial attitude
    • Fazio, R. H. (1981). On the self-perception explanation of the overjustification effect: The role of the salience of initial attitude. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 417-426.
    • (1981) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 417-426
    • Fazio, R.H.1
  • 44
    • 0040739063 scopus 로고
    • Subjective control over rewards: Effects of perceived choice of reward schedule on intrinsic motivation and behavior maintenance
    • Feehan, G. G., & Enzle, M. E. (1991). Subjective control over rewards: Effects of perceived choice of reward schedule on intrinsic motivation and behavior maintenance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72, 995-1006.
    • (1991) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.72 , pp. 995-1006
    • Feehan, G.G.1    Enzle, M.E.2
  • 45
    • 58149409374 scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement effects on intrinsic interest: Undermining the overjustification hypothesis
    • Feingold, B. D., & Mahoney, M. J. (1975). Reinforcement effects on intrinsic interest: Undermining the overjustification hypothesis. Behavior Therapy, 6, 367-377.
    • (1975) Behavior Therapy , vol.6 , pp. 367-377
    • Feingold, B.D.1    Mahoney, M.J.2
  • 46
    • 0000721892 scopus 로고
    • The effects of personal control, competence, and extrinsic reward systems on intrinsic motivation
    • Fisher, C. D. (1978). The effects of personal control, competence, and extrinsic reward systems on intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 21, 273-288.
    • (1978) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.21 , pp. 273-288
    • Fisher, C.D.1
  • 47
    • 0001042522 scopus 로고
    • Undermining intrinsic interest from tne Standpoint of a behaviorist
    • Flora, S. R. (1990). Undermining intrinsic interest from tne Standpoint of a behaviorist. The Psychological Record, 40, 323-346.
    • (1990) The Psychological Record , vol.40 , pp. 323-346
    • Flora, S.R.1
  • 49
    • 0001116654 scopus 로고
    • The impact of anticipated reward upon cross-aged tutoring
    • Garbarino, J. (1975). The impact of anticipated reward upon cross-aged tutoring. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 421-428.
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 421-428
    • Garbarino, J.1
  • 50
    • 0024741464 scopus 로고
    • Effects of reward and familiarity of reward agent on spontaneous play in preschoolers: A field study
    • Gomide, P. I. C., & Ades, C. (1989). Effects of reward and familiarity of reward agent on spontaneous play in preschoolers: A field study. Psychological Reports, 65, 427-434.
    • (1989) Psychological Reports , vol.65 , pp. 427-434
    • Gomide, P.I.C.1    Ades, C.2
  • 51
    • 0016382642 scopus 로고
    • Effects of extrinsic rewards on children's subsequent intrinsic interest
    • Greene, D., & Lepper, M. R. (1974). Effects of extrinsic rewards on children's subsequent intrinsic interest. Child Development, 45, 1141-1145.
    • (1974) Child Development , vol.45 , pp. 1141-1145
    • Greene, D.1    Lepper, M.R.2
  • 53
    • 0001078801 scopus 로고
    • Are intrinsic and extrinsic rewards additive: A test of Deci's cognitive evaluation theory of task motivation
    • Hamner, W. C., & Foster, L. W. (1975). Are intrinsic and extrinsic rewards additive: A test of Deci's cognitive evaluation theory of task motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 14, 398-415.
    • (1975) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.14 , pp. 398-415
    • Hamner, W.C.1    Foster, L.W.2
  • 54
    • 0001278025 scopus 로고
    • The effects of reward contingency and performance feedback on intrinsic motivation
    • Harackiewicz, J. M. (1979). The effects of reward contingency and performance feedback on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1352-1363.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1352-1363
    • Harackiewicz, J.M.1
  • 55
    • 0000338758 scopus 로고
    • A process analysis of the effects of performance-contingent rewards on intrinsic motivation
    • Harackiewicz, J. M., & Manderlink, G. (1984). A process analysis of the effects of performance-contingent rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 531-551.
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 531-551
    • Harackiewicz, J.M.1    Manderlink, G.2
  • 57
    • 0016260485 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of external control and self-control on the modification and maintenance of weight
    • Jeffrey, D. B. (1974). A comparison of the effects of external control and self-control on the modification and maintenance of weight. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 404-410.
    • (1974) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 404-410
    • Jeffrey, D.B.1
  • 58
    • 0001274613 scopus 로고
    • The effect of performance-relevant and performance-irrelevant rewards on children's intrinsic motivation
    • Karniol, R., & Ross, M. (1977). The effect of performance-relevant and performance-irrelevant rewards on children's intrinsic motivation. Child Development, 48, 482-487.
    • (1977) Child Development , vol.48 , pp. 482-487
    • Karniol, R.1    Ross, M.2
  • 62
    • 0016578014 scopus 로고
    • The role of attribution and self-perception in behavior change: Implications for behavior therapy
    • Kopel, S., & Arkowitz, H. (1975). The role of attribution and self-perception in behavior change: Implications for behavior therapy. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 92, 175-212.
    • (1975) Genetic Psychology Monographs , vol.92 , pp. 175-212
    • Kopel, S.1    Arkowitz, H.2
  • 64
    • 84974016274 scopus 로고
    • The effects of extrinsic incentives on some qualitative aspects of task performance
    • Kruglanski, A. W., Friedman, I., & Zeevi, G. (1971). The effects of extrinsic incentives on some qualitative aspects of task performance. Journal of Personality, 39, 606-617.
    • (1971) Journal of Personality , vol.39 , pp. 606-617
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1    Friedman, I.2    Zeevi, G.3
  • 66
    • 0040738974 scopus 로고
    • The multiple functions of reward: A social-developmental perspective
    • S. S. Brehm, S. Kassin, & F. X. Gibbions (Eds.). New York: Oxford University Press
    • Lepper, M. R., & Gilovich, T. (1981). The multiple functions of reward: A social-developmental perspective. In S. S. Brehm, S. Kassin, & F. X. Gibbions (Eds.), Developmental social psychology (pp. 5-31). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1981) Developmental Social Psychology , pp. 5-31
    • Lepper, M.R.1    Gilovich, T.2
  • 67
    • 4143145636 scopus 로고
    • Turning play into work: Effects of adult surveillance and extrinsic rewards on children's intrinsic motivation
    • Lepper, M. R., & Greene, D. (1975). Turning play into work: Effects of adult surveillance and extrinsic rewards on children's intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 479-486.
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 479-486
    • Lepper, M.R.1    Greene, D.2
  • 68
    • 0008389794 scopus 로고
    • On understanding "overjustification": A reply to Reiss and Sushinsky
    • Lepper, M. R., & Greene, D. (1976). On understanding "overjustification": A reply to Reiss and Sushinsky. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 25-35.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 25-35
    • Lepper, M.R.1    Greene, D.2
  • 69
    • 0000511919 scopus 로고
    • Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the "overjustification" hypothesis
    • Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the "overjustification" hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 129-137.
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 129-137
    • Lepper, M.R.1    Greene, D.2    Nisbett, R.E.3
  • 70
    • 0039553491 scopus 로고
    • What reinforces in a social reinforcement situation - Words or expressions?
    • Leventhal, H., & Fischer, K. (1970). What reinforces in a social reinforcement situation - words or expressions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 83-94.
    • (1970) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 83-94
    • Leventhal, H.1    Fischer, K.2
  • 71
    • 0011551062 scopus 로고
    • Token rewards may lead to token learning
    • Levine, F M., & Fasnacht, G. (1974). Token rewards may lead to token learning. American Psychologist, 29, 816-820.
    • (1974) American Psychologist , vol.29 , pp. 816-820
    • Levine, F.M.1    Fasnacht, G.2
  • 72
    • 0009117831 scopus 로고
    • The use and misuse of the chi-square test
    • Lewis, D., & Burke, C. J. (1949). The use and misuse of the chi-square test. Psychological Bulletin, 46, 433-487.
    • (1949) Psychological Bulletin , vol.46 , pp. 433-487
    • Lewis, D.1    Burke, C.J.2
  • 73
    • 84952072087 scopus 로고
    • Increasing intrinsic motivation with performance-contingent reward
    • Lopez, E. M. (1981). Increasing intrinsic motivation with performance-contingent reward. Journal of Psychology, 108, 59-65.
    • (1981) Journal of Psychology , vol.108 , pp. 59-65
    • Lopez, E.M.1
  • 74
    • 0001197236 scopus 로고
    • The effect of external reward on interest and quality of task performance in children of high and low intrinsic motivation
    • Loveland, K. K., & Olley, J. G. (1979). The effect of external reward on interest and quality of task performance in children of high and low intrinsic motivation. Child Development, 50, 1207-1210.
    • (1979) Child Development , vol.50 , pp. 1207-1210
    • Loveland, K.K.1    Olley, J.G.2
  • 75
    • 0039553474 scopus 로고
    • The effect of earher experience and reward contingencies on intrinsic motivation
    • Luyten, H., & Lens, W. (1981). The effect of earher experience and reward contingencies on intrinsic motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 5, 25-36.
    • (1981) Motivation and Emotion , vol.5 , pp. 25-36
    • Luyten, H.1    Lens, W.2
  • 76
    • 0038960456 scopus 로고
    • The effects of external and self-administered reward on high base rate behavior
    • Margolis, R. B., & Mynatt, C. R. (1986) The effects of external and self-administered reward on high base rate behavior. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 109-122.
    • (1986) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.10 , pp. 109-122
    • Margolis, R.B.1    Mynatt, C.R.2
  • 77
    • 0040738952 scopus 로고
    • Effects of positive and negative adult-child interactions on children's task performance and task preferences
    • Martin, J. A. (1977). Effects of positive and negative adult-child interactions on children's task performance and task preferences. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 23, 493-502.
    • (1977) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 493-502
    • Martin, J.A.1
  • 78
    • 0001136126 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic X extrinsic work motivation: Perspectives from behaviorism
    • Mawhinney, T. C. (1979). Intrinsic X extrinsic work motivation: Perspectives from behaviorism Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 24, 411-440.
    • (1979) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.24 , pp. 411-440
    • Mawhinney, T.C.1
  • 79
    • 0039553465 scopus 로고
    • Decreasing intrinsic motivation with extrinsic rewards: Easier said than done
    • Mawhinney, T. C. (1990). Decreasing intrinsic motivation with extrinsic rewards: Easier said than done. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 11, 175-191.
    • (1990) Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , vol.11 , pp. 175-191
    • Mawhinney, T.C.1
  • 80
    • 0009272182 scopus 로고
    • The use of concurrent schedules to evaluate the effects of extrinsic rewards on "intrinsic motivation."
    • Mawhinney, T. C, Dickinson, A. M., & Taylor, L. A., III. (1989). The use of concurrent schedules to evaluate the effects of extrinsic rewards on "intrinsic motivation." Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 10, 109-129.
    • (1989) Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , vol.10 , pp. 109-129
    • Mawhinney, T.C.1    Dickinson, A.M.2    Taylor L.A. III3
  • 81
    • 84925978979 scopus 로고
    • Undermining the Zeigarnik effect: Another hidden cost of reward
    • McGraw, K. O., & Fiala, J. (1982). Undermining the Zeigarnik effect: Another hidden cost of reward. Journal of Personality, 50, 58-66.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality , vol.50 , pp. 58-66
    • McGraw, K.O.1    Fiala, J.2
  • 82
    • 0001079122 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a detrimental effect of extrinsic incentives on breaking a mental set
    • McGraw, K. O., & McCullers, J. C. (1979). Evidence of a detrimental effect of extrinsic incentives on breaking a mental set. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 285-294.
    • (1979) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 285-294
    • McGraw, K.O.1    McCullers, J.C.2
  • 83
    • 0000030924 scopus 로고
    • The effects of extrinsic rewards of differential value on high and low intrinsic interest
    • McLoyd, V. C. (1979). The effects of extrinsic rewards of differential value on high and low intrinsic interest. Child Development, 50, 1010-1019.
    • (1979) Child Development , vol.50 , pp. 1010-1019
    • McLoyd, V.C.1
  • 85
    • 0020007443 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli
    • Michael, J. (1982). Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37, 149-155.
    • (1982) Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , vol.37 , pp. 149-155
    • Michael, J.1
  • 86
    • 0007994978 scopus 로고
    • Establishing operations
    • Michael, J. (1993). Establishing operations. The Behavior Analyst, 16, 191-206.
    • (1993) The Behavior Analyst , vol.16 , pp. 191-206
    • Michael, J.1
  • 87
    • 21844518941 scopus 로고
    • What every student of behavior analysis ought to learn: A system for classifying the multiple effects of behavioral variables
    • Michael, J. (1995). What every student of behavior analysis ought to learn: A system for classifying the multiple effects of behavioral variables. The Behavior Analyst, 18, 273-284.
    • (1995) The Behavior Analyst , vol.18 , pp. 273-284
    • Michael, J.1
  • 88
    • 0038960455 scopus 로고
    • The overjustification effect: A developmental test of self-perception interpretations
    • Morgan, M. (1981). The overjustification effect: A developmental test of self-perception interpretations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 809-821.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 809-821
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 89
    • 0008335476 scopus 로고
    • Decrements in intrinsic motivation among rewarded and observer subjects
    • Morgan, M. (1983). Decrements in intrinsic motivation among rewarded and observer subjects. Child Development, 54, 636-644.
    • (1983) Child Development , vol.54 , pp. 636-644
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 90
    • 84965634126 scopus 로고
    • Reward-induced decrements and increments in intrinsic motivation
    • Morgan, M. (1984). Reward-induced decrements and increments in intrinsic motivation. Review of Educational Research, 54, 5-30.
    • (1984) Review of Educational Research , vol.54 , pp. 5-30
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 91
    • 0018705987 scopus 로고
    • An examination of overjustification under conditions of extended observation and multiple reinforcement: Overjustification or boredom?
    • Mynatt, C., Oakley, T., Arkkelin, D., Piccione, A., Margolis, R., & Arkkelin, J. (1978). An examination of overjustification under conditions of extended observation and multiple reinforcement: Overjustification or boredom? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2, 171-177.
    • (1978) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.2 , pp. 171-177
    • Mynatt, C.1    Oakley, T.2    Arkkelin, D.3    Piccione, A.4    Margolis, R.5    Arkkelin, J.6
  • 92
    • 0343468534 scopus 로고
    • Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes
    • Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 231-259
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Wilson, T.D.2
  • 93
    • 0039553456 scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic awards and participant motivation in a sport related task
    • Orlick, T. D., & Mosher, R. (1978). Extrinsic awards and participant motivation in a sport related task. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 9, 27-39.
    • (1978) International Journal of Sport Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 27-39
    • Orlick, T.D.1    Mosher, R.2
  • 94
    • 0001969123 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of intrinsic motivation: Locus of control and competence information as components of Deci's cognitive evaluation theory
    • Phillips, J. S., & Lord, R. G. (1980). Determinants of intrinsic motivation: Locus of control and competence information as components of Deci's cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 211-218.
    • (1980) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 211-218
    • Phillips, J.S.1    Lord, R.G.2
  • 95
    • 85041987025 scopus 로고
    • Additivity versus nonadditivity of intrinsic interest and extrinsic incentives: Implications for work motivation, performance, and attitudes
    • Pinder, C. C. (1976). Additivity versus nonadditivity of intrinsic interest and extrinsic incentives: Implications for work motivation, performance, and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 693-700.
    • (1976) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 693-700
    • Pinder, C.C.1
  • 98
    • 0040144748 scopus 로고
    • Undermining overjustification: Inducing intrinsic and extrinsic task representations
    • Porac, J. E, & Meindl, J. (1982). Undermining overjustification: Inducing intrinsic and extrinsic task representations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 29, 208-226.
    • (1982) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.29 , pp. 208-226
    • Porac, J.E.1    Meindl, J.2
  • 100
    • 0001204231 scopus 로고
    • Contrast and matching
    • Rachlin, H. (1973). Contrast and matching. Psychological Review, 80, 217-234.
    • (1973) Psychological Review , vol.80 , pp. 217-234
    • Rachlin, H.1
  • 102
    • 0039553455 scopus 로고
    • The mediation of reward-induced motivation decrements in early and middle childhood: A template matching approach
    • Ransen, D. L. (1980). The mediation of reward-induced motivation decrements in early and middle childhood: A template matching approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1088-1100.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 1088-1100
    • Ransen, D.L.1
  • 103
    • 0038960449 scopus 로고
    • Overjustification, competing responses, and the acquisition of intrinsic interest
    • Reiss, S., & Sushinsky, L. W. (1975). Overjustification, competing responses, and the acquisition of intrinsic interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 1116-1125.
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 1116-1125
    • Reiss, S.1    Sushinsky, L.W.2
  • 108
    • 85047683927 scopus 로고
    • Reward contingency and intrinsic motivation in children: A test of the delay of gratification hypothesis
    • Ross, M., Karniol, R., & Rothstein. M. (1976). Reward contingency and intrinsic motivation in children: A test of the delay of gratification hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 442-447.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 442-447
    • Ross, M.1    Karniol, R.2    Rothstein, M.3
  • 109
    • 0002288771 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation or reinforcement?: A new look at cognitive evaluation theory
    • Rummel. A., & Feinberg, R. (1990). Re-evaluation or reinforcement?: A new look at cognitive evaluation theory. Social Behavior and Personality, 18, 65-80.
    • (1990) Social Behavior and Personality , vol.18 , pp. 65-80
    • Rummel, A.1    Feinberg, R.2
  • 110
    • 34248041602 scopus 로고
    • Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory
    • Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450-461.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 450-461
    • Ryan, R.M.1
  • 111
    • 0000982788 scopus 로고
    • Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using cognitive evaluation theory
    • Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., & Koestner, R. (1983). Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 736-750.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 736-750
    • Ryan, R.M.1    Mims, V.2    Koestner, R.3
  • 112
    • 0039553358 scopus 로고
    • Interaction effects of performance and money on self-perception of intrinsic motivation
    • Salancik, G. R. (1975). Interaction effects of performance and money on self-perception of intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 339-351.
    • (1975) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.13 , pp. 339-351
    • Salancik, G.R.1
  • 115
    • 0038960447 scopus 로고
    • Does grading undermine intrinsic interest in a college course?
    • Sarafino, E. P., & DiMattia, P. A. (1978). Does grading undermine intrinsic interest in a college course? Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 916-921.
    • (1978) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 916-921
    • Sarafino, E.P.1    DiMattia, P.A.2
  • 116
    • 0007340712 scopus 로고
    • The effects of extrinsic rewards on "intrinsic motivation": A critique
    • Scott, W. E., Jr. (1975). The effects of extrinsic rewards on "intrinsic motivation": A critique. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 15, 117-129.
    • (1975) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.15 , pp. 117-129
    • Scott W.E., Jr.1
  • 117
    • 0011594536 scopus 로고
    • The effects of variations in task design and monetary reinforcers on task behavior
    • Scott, W. E., & Erskine, J. A. (1980). The effects of variations in task design and monetary reinforcers on task behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 25, 311-335.
    • (1980) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.25 , pp. 311-335
    • Scott, W.E.1    Erskine, J.A.2
  • 118
    • 84925973054 scopus 로고
    • The effects of positive and negative verbal feedback on the intrinsic motivation of male and female subjects
    • Shanab, M. E., Peterson, D., Dargahi, S., & Deroian, P. (1981). The effects of positive and negative verbal feedback on the intrinsic motivation of male and female subjects. Journal of Social Psychology, 115, 195-205.
    • (1981) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.115 , pp. 195-205
    • Shanab, M.E.1    Peterson, D.2    Dargahi, S.3    Deroian, P.4
  • 122
    • 0024442850 scopus 로고
    • An operant pursuit of generalization
    • Stokes, T. F., & Osnes, P G. (1989). An operant pursuit of generalization. Behavior Therapy, 20, 337-355.
    • (1989) Behavior Therapy , vol.20 , pp. 337-355
    • Stokes, T.F.1    Osnes, P.G.2
  • 125
    • 0000572379 scopus 로고
    • Initiating play activity of children: The moderating influence of verbal cues on intrinsic motivation
    • Swann, W. B., Jr., & Pittman, T. S. (1977). Initiating play activity of children: The moderating influence of verbal cues on intrinsic motivation. Child Development, 48, 1128-1132.
    • (1977) Child Development , vol.48 , pp. 1128-1132
    • Swann W.B., Jr.1    Pittman, T.S.2
  • 126
  • 127
    • 0039553454 scopus 로고
    • Contiguity and contingency in instrumental conditioning
    • Thomas, G. V. (1983). Contiguity and contingency in instrumental conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 14, 513-526.
    • (1983) Learning and Motivation , vol.14 , pp. 513-526
    • Thomas, G.V.1
  • 128
    • 0040144665 scopus 로고
    • Effect of reward contingency on intrinsic motivation
    • Tripathi, K. N., & Agarwal, A. (1988). Effect of reward contingency on intrinsic motivation. Journal of General Psychology, 115, 241-246.
    • (1988) Journal of General Psychology , vol.115 , pp. 241-246
    • Tripathi, K.N.1    Agarwal, A.2
  • 129
    • 0040738849 scopus 로고
    • The effects of reward contingency and participa five decision making on intrinsically and extrinsically motivating tasks
    • Tumage, J. J., & Muchinsky, P. M. (1976). The effects of reward contingency and participa five decision making on intrinsically and extrinsically motivating tasks. Academy of Management Journal, 19, 482-489.
    • (1976) Academy of Management Journal , vol.19 , pp. 482-489
    • Tumage, J.J.1    Muchinsky, P.M.2
  • 130
    • 84928454231 scopus 로고
    • Effects of zero-sum competition on children's intrinsic motivation and perceived competence
    • Vallerand, R. J., Gauvin, L. I., & Halliwell, W. R. (1986). Effects of zero-sum competition on children's intrinsic motivation and perceived competence. Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 465-472.
    • (1986) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.126 , pp. 465-472
    • Vallerand, R.J.1    Gauvin, L.I.2    Halliwell, W.R.3
  • 131
    • 0001819830 scopus 로고
    • On the causal effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation: A test of cognitive evaluation theory
    • Vallerand, R. J., & Reid, G. (1984). On the causal effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation: A test of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 94-102.
    • (1984) Journal of Sport Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 94-102
    • Vallerand, R.J.1    Reid, G.2
  • 133
    • 0018626252 scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement effects on three measures of children's interest in math
    • Vasta, R., & Stirpe, L. A. (1979). Reinforcement effects on three measures of children's interest in math. Behavior Modification, 3, 223-244.
    • (1979) Behavior Modification , vol.3 , pp. 223-244
    • Vasta, R.1    Stirpe, L.A.2
  • 134
    • 0018528680 scopus 로고
    • Competition and extrinsic rewards: Effect on intrinsic motivation and attribution
    • Weinberg, R. S., & Jackson, A. (1979). Competition and extrinsic rewards: Effect on intrinsic motivation and attribution. Research Quarterly, 50, 494-502.
    • (1979) Research Quarterly , vol.50 , pp. 494-502
    • Weinberg, R.S.1    Jackson, A.2
  • 135
    • 84925928079 scopus 로고
    • The effect of incentive and control over outcomes upon intrinsic motivation and performance
    • Weiner, M. J. (1980). The effect of incentive and control over outcomes upon intrinsic motivation and performance. Journal of Social Psychology, 112, 247-254.
    • (1980) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.112 , pp. 247-254
    • Weiner, M.J.1
  • 136
    • 0018076356 scopus 로고
    • The effects of reward and perception of competency upon intrinsic motivation
    • Weiner, M. J., & Mander, A. M. (1978). The effects of reward and perception of competency upon intrinsic motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 2, 67-73.
    • (1978) Motivation and Emotion , vol.2 , pp. 67-73
    • Weiner, M.J.1    Mander, A.M.2
  • 137
    • 33749411161 scopus 로고
    • Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence
    • White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.
    • (1959) Psychological Review , vol.66 , pp. 297-333
    • White, R.W.1
  • 138
    • 84986703550 scopus 로고
    • The effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis
    • Wiersma, U. J. (1992). The effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 65(2), 101-114.
    • (1992) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-114
    • Wiersma, U.J.1
  • 141
    • 0040144656 scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement, behavior constraint, and the overjustification effect
    • Williams, B. W. (1980). Reinforcement, behavior constraint, and the overjustification effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 599-614.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 599-614
    • Williams, B.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.