Spatial and temporal variations in the relationships between the Southern Oscillation phenomenon and the rainfall of Sri Lanka

International Journal of Climatology

Volumn 16, Issue 12, 1996, Pages 1391-1407

  Suppiah, Ramasamy ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cumulative deviations; El ni o and La Ni a; Indian summer monsoon; Running correlations; Seasonal rainfall; Southern Oscillation; Sri Lanka; Temporal and spatial relationships

Indexed keywords

EL NINO; LA NINA; MONSOON; RAINFALL; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

EID: 0030357397     PISSN: 08998418     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199612)16:12<1391::aid-joc94>3.0.co;2-x     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Allan, R. J. 1988. 'El Niño-Southern Oscillation influences in the Australasian region', Prog. Phys. Geogr., 12, 313-348.
2. Allan, R. J., Nicholls, N., Jones, P. D. and Butterworth, I. J. 1991. 'A further extension of the Tahiti-Darwin SOI, early ENSO events and Darwin pressure', J. Climate, 4, 743-749.
3. Behrend, H. P. 1987. Teleconnections of rainfall anomalies and of the southern oscillation over the entire tropics and their seasonal dependence', Tellus, 39A, 138-151.
4. Bell, G. T. 1977. 'Changes in the sign of the relationship between sunspots and pressure, rainfall and the monsoon', Weather, 32, 26-32.
5. Berlage, H. P. 1966. 'The southern oscillation and world weather', K. Ned. Meteorol. Inst. Med. Verh. 88, p. 152.
6. Diaz, H. F. and Markgraf, V. 1992. El Niño: Historical and Palaeoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 476 pp.
7. Domrös, M. 1974. The Agroclimate of Ceylon, Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden, 265 pp.
8. Elliot, W. P. and Angell, J. K. 1987. 'The relation between Indian monsoon rainfall, the southern oscillation, and hemispheric air and sea temperature: 1884-1984', J. Clim, Appl. Meteorol., 26, 943-948.
9. Elliot, W. P. and Angell, J. K. 1988. 'Evidence for changes in southern oscillation relationships during the last 100 years', J. Climate, 1, 729-737.
10. Fu, C. and Fletcher, J. O. 1988. 'Large signals of climatic variations over the ocean in the Asian monsoon region', Adv. Atmos. Sci., 5, 398-404.
11. Gregory, S. 1989. 'Macro-regional definition and characteristics of Indian summer monsoon rainfall, 1871-1985', Int. J. Climatol., 9, 465-483.
12. Hastenrath, S., Nicklis, A. and Greishar, L. 1993. 'Atmospheric-Hydrospheric mechanisms of climate anomalies in the western equatorial Indian Ocean', J. Geophys. Res., 98 (C11), 20219-20235.
13. Lough, J. M. 1992. 'Variations of sea surface temperatures off northeastern Australia and associations with rainfall in Queensland', Int. J. Climatol., 12, 765-782.
14. McBride, J. L. and Nicholls, N. 1983. 'Seasonal relationships between Australian rainfall and the southern oscillation', Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1998-2004.
15. Nicholls, N. 1992. 'El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Australian Vegetation', Vegetatio, 91, 23-36.
16. Nicholls, N. and Wong, K. K. 1990. 'Dependence of rainfall variability on mean rainfall, latitude, and the southern oscillation', J. Climate, 3, 163-170.
17. Ogallo, L. J. 1988. 'Relationships between seasonal rainfall in East Africa and the Southern Oscillation', J. Climatol., 8, 31-43.
18. Pant, G. B. and Parthasarathy, B. 1981. 'Some aspects of an association between the southern oscillation and the Indian summer monsoon', Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol., Ser, B, 29, 245-252.
19. Parthasarathy, B. and Pant, G. B. 1985. 'Seasonal relationships between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and the southern oscillation', J. Climatol., 5, 369-378.
20. Parthasarathy, B., Sontakke, N. A., Munot, A. A. and Kothawale, D. R. 1987. 'Droughts/floods in the summer monsoon season over different meteorological subdivisions of India for the period 1871-1984', J. Climatol., 7, 57-70.
21. Parthasarathy, B., Rupa Kumar, K. and Munot, A. A. 1991. 'Evidence of secular variations in Indian monsoon rainfall-circulation relationships', J. Climate, 4, 927-938.
22. Philander, S. G. 1990. El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation, Academic Press, San Diego, 289 pp.
23. Pittock, A. B. 1984. 'On the reality, stability and usefulness of the southern hemisphere teleconnections', Aust. Meteorol. Mag., 32, 75-82.
24. Rao, Y. P. 1976. Southwest Monsoon, Meteorological Monograph, Synoptic Meteorology, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, No. 1, p. 366.
25. Rasmusson, E. M. and Carpenter, T. H. 1983. 'The relationship between eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature and rainfall over India and Sri Lanka', Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 517-528.
26. Rasmusson, E. M., Wong, X. and Ropelewski, C. F. 1990. 'The biennial component of ENSO variability', J. Marine Sys., 1, 71-96.
27. Ropelewski, C. F. and Halpert, M. S. 1987. 'Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation', Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1606-1626.
28. Ropelewski, C. F. and Jones, P. D. 1987. 'An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin southern oscillation index', Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2161-2165.
29. Stone, R. and Auliciems, A. 1992. 'SOI phase relationships with rainfall in eastern Australia', Int. J. Climatol., 12, 625-636.
30. Suppiah, R. 1987, 'Atmospheric circulation variations and the rainfall of Sri Lanka', Sci. Rep. Inst. Geosci., Univ. Tsukuba, Sect. A, 9, 75-142.
31. Suppiah, R. 1988. 'Relationships between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the rainfall of Sri Lanka', J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 66, 103-112.
32. Suppiah, R. 1989. 'Relationships between the southern oscillation and the rainfall of Sri Lanka', Int. J. Climatol., 9, 601-618.
33. Suppiah, R. 1997. 'Extremes of the Southern Oscillation Phenomenon and the Rainfall of Sri Lanka', Int. J. Climatol. 17, in press.
34. Suppiah, R. in preparation. 'Long-term changes in the summer monsoon rainfall over India and Sri Lanka and their links to SST and circulation changes over the Indian and Pacific Oceans'.
35. Suppiah, R. and Yoshino, M. M. 1984a. 'Rainfall variations of Sri Lanka. Part 1. Spatial and temporal patterns', Arch. Meteorol. Geophys., Bioklimatol., Ser. B, 34, 329-340.
36. Suppiah, R. and Yoshino, M. M. 1984b. 'Rainfall variations of Sri Lanka. Part 2. Regional fluctuations', Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol., Ser. B, 35, 81-92.
37. Thambyahpillay, G. 1954. 'The rainfall rhythm in Ceylon', Univ. Ceylon Rev., 12, 224-273.
38. Thambyahpillay, G. 1965. 'Dry zone climatology', J. Nat. Agric. Soc. (Ceylon), 2, 1-43.
39. Trenberth, K. E. 1976. 'Spatial and temporal variations of the southern oscillation', Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 102, 639-653.
40. Troup, A. J. 1965. The southern oscillation', Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 91, 490-506.
41. Walker, G. T. 1923. 'Correlation in seasonal variations of weather VIII', Mem. Indian Meteorol. Dept., 24, 75-131.
42. Walker, G. T. 1924. 'World weather IX', Mem. Indian Meteorol. Dept, 24, 275-332.
43. Walker, G. T. and Bliss, E. W. 1932. 'World weather V', Mem. R. Meteorol. Soc., 4, 53-84.
44. Wright, P., Wallace, J. M., Mitchell, T. and Deser, C. 1988. 'Correlation structure of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon', J. Climate, 1, 609-625.
45. Yoshino, M. M. and Suppiah, R. 1982. 'Climatic records of monsoon Asia', Univ. Tsukuba, Jpn, Climatol. Notes, 31, 1-80.
46. Zhang, X. G. and Casey, T. M. 1992. 'Long-term variations in the southern oscillation and relationships with Australian rainfall', Aust. Meteorol. Mag., 40, 211-225.