Pak-Afghan drug trade in historical perspective

Asian Survey

Volumn 36, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 945-961

  Haq, Ikramul ^a  

^a Lahore Law Associates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRUGS TRADE; HEROIN; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE;

AFGHANISTAN; PAKISTAN;

EID: 0030322437     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2645627     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Barnett R. Rubin, "The Fragmentation of Afghanistan," Foreign Affairs 68:5 (1989), pp. 150-68.
2. C. Colin Davies, The Problem of the North-West Frontier, 1890-1908 (London: Curzon Press, 1932), pp. 26-28.
3. R. O. Christensen, "Tribesmen, Government, and Political Economy on the North-West Frontier," In Clive Dewey, ed., Arrested Development in India: The Historical Dimension (New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1988), pp. 179-82.
4. Report on the Administration of the Punjab and Its Dependencies for the Year 1870-1871 (Lahore: Government Civil Secretariat Press, 1871), p. cxxxiii, and Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series, North-West Frontier Province (Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1908), p. 25, 65-66.
5. Report on the Administration of the Punjab and Its Dependencies for the Year 1870-1871 (Lahore: Government Civil Secretariat Press, 1871), p. cxxxiii, and Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series, North-West Frontier Province (Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1908), p. 25, 65-66.
6. Imperial Gazetteer of India: Afghanistan and Nepal (Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1908), p. 30.
7. Linette Albert, "Afghanistan: A Perspective," in Afghanistan in the 1970s, Louis Dupree and Linette Albert, eds. (New York: Praeger, 1974), p. 257.
8. Mohammad Qasim Yusufi, "Effects of the War on Agriculture," in The Tragedy of Afghanistan: The Social, Cultural, and Political Impact of the Soviet Invasion, Bo Huldt and Erland Jansson, eds. (London: Croom Helm, 1988), p. 212.
9. John Jennings, "Afghanistan: Efforts to End Opium Cultivation Hit New Snags," Far Eastern Economic Review, 14 June 1990, p. 22.
10. Edward R. Girardet, Afghanistan: The Soviet War (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985), p. 207.
11. Roger Lewis, "Serious Business: The Global Heroin Economy," in Big Deal: The Politics of the Illicit Drug Business, Anthony Henman, Roger Lewis, and Tim Maylon, eds. (London: Pluto Press, 1985), p. 9.
12. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotic Matters, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, March 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Department of State, March 1994).
13. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics Matters, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (1984), p. 4.
14. Kathy Evans, "The Tribal Trail," Newsline (Karachi), December 1989, p. 26.
15. Pakistan Narcotics Control Board, National Survey on Drug Abuse in Pakistan (Islamabad: Narcotics Control Board, 1986), pp. iii, ix, 23, 308; Zahid Hussain, "Narcopower: Pakistan's Parallel Government?" Newsline (Karachi), December 1989, p. 17.
16. Pakistan Narcotics Control Board, National Survey on Drug Abuse in Pakistan (Islamabad: Narcotics Control Board, 1986), pp. iii, ix, 23, 308; Zahid Hussain, "Narcopower: Pakistan's Parallel Government?" Newsline (Karachi), December 1989, p. 17.
17. Richard Reeves, Passage to Peshawar (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), p. 159.
18. Hussain, "Narcopower," p. 14-b.
19. Lawrence Lifschultz, "Inside the Kingdom of Heroin," Nation (New York), November 14, 1988, pp. 492-93.
20. Lawrence Lifschultz, "Turning a Blind Eye?" Newsline, December 1989, p. 32.
21. Hussain, "Narcopower," p. 14-b.
22. New York Times, September 7, 1988.
23. Far Eastern Economic Review, August 10, 1989; Hussain, "Narcopower," p. 14-b.
24. Far Eastern Economic Review, August 10, 1989; Hussain, "Narcopower," p. 14-b.
25. Lifschultz, "Turning a Blind Eye?" p. 32; Hussain, "Narcopower," p. 14-b.
26. Lifschultz, "Turning a Blind Eye?" p. 32; Hussain, "Narcopower," p. 14-b.
27. Ibid., pp. 14-a, 17.
28. Evans, "Tribal Trail," p. 24.
29. Rahimullah Yasufzai, "Poppy Polls," Newsline, December 1989, p. 29.
30. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (1990), p. 239.