Spruce budworm defoliation in young balsam fir: The 'green' tree phenomenon

Canadian Entomologist

Volumn 128, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1101-1107

  Piene, Harald ^a   Eveleigh, Eldon S ^a,b  

^a LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABIES; ABIES BALSAMEA; CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA; PICEA; LEPIDOPTERA; PINACEAE; TORTRICIDAE;

BALSAM FIR; DEFOLIATION; SPRUCE BUDWORM;

EID: 0030322155     PISSN: 0008347X     EISSN: 19183240     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4039/Ent1281101-6     Document Type: Article

References (7)

1. Lethiecq, J.-L., and J. Régnière 1988. CFS Spruce Budworm Population Studies: Site Descriptions. Canadian Forestry Service - Laurentian Region Information Report LAU-X-83: 46 pp.
2. MacLean, D.A., and M.G, Morgan. 1981. The use of phyllotaxis in estimating defoliation of individual balsam fir shoots. Canadian Forestry Service Research Notes 1: 12-14.
3. McDonald, G.I. 1981. Differential Defoliation of Neighboring Douglas-fir Trees by Western Spruce Budworm. United States Department of Agriculture Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Note INT-306: 10 pp.
4. Piene, H. 1981. Early Growth Responses to Operational Spacing in Young Balsam Fir Stands on the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. Canadian Forestry Service - Maritimes Region Information Report M-X-125: 29 pp.
5. _ 1989. Spruce budworm defoliation and growth loss in young balsam fir: Defoliation in spaced and unspaced stands and individual tree survival. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19: 1211-1217.
6. Piene, H., D.A. MacLean, and R.E. Wall. 1981. Effects of Spruce Budworm-caused Defoliation on the Growth of Balsam Fir: Experimental Design and Methodology. Canadian Forestry Service - Maritimes Region Information Report M-X-128: 19 pp.
7. Sokal, R.R., and F.J. Rohlf 1981. Biometry, 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CA. 859 pp.