Emergence of a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations

Science and Public Policy

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 279-286

  Leydesdorff, Loet ^a   Etzkowitz, Henry ^b  

^a Science and Technology Dynamics   (Netherlands)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK; KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE; RESEARCH PROGRAMME; UNIVERSITY RESEARCH;

EID: 0030318621     PISSN: 03023427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Petra Ahrweiler (1996), "Organization of complexity' replaces 'differentiation': effects of acceleration in modern high-techsciences illustrated at 'artificial intelligence research work (A1)'", paper presented at the conference.
2. Peter M Allen (1994), "Evolutionary complex systems: models of technology change", in Leydesdorff and van den Besselaar (1994), pages 1-17.
3. Frances Anderson, Robert Dalpé and Charles H Davis (1996), "External guidance of university-industry linkages by scholarly granting agencies: the experience of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, 1977-1995", paper presented at the conference.
4. Joseph Beer (1959), The Emergence of the German Dye Industry (University of Illinois, Urbana).
5. Dan Berglund and Christopher Coburn (1995), Partnerships: a Compendium of State and Federal Cooperative Technology Programs (Batelle, Columbus, Ohio).
6. Stuart S Blume (1992), Insight and Industry: on the Dynamics of Technological Change in Medicine (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).
7. Sheila Tobias, Daryl E Chubin and Kevin Aylesworth (1995), Rethinking Science as a Career: Perceptions and Realities in the Physical Sciences (Research Corporation, Tucson, AZ).
8. Tong Jian (1996), "Reflections on human capital theory and niche theory of evolutionary economics", paper presented at the conference.
9. Tim Turpin, Sam Garrett-Jones and Nicole Rankin (1996), "Basic research and innovation knowledge networks: transformations and implications arising from institutional changes in the production of knowledge", paper presented at the conference.
10. Henk van den Belt and Arie Rip (1987), "The Nelson-Winter-Dosi model and synthetic dye industry", in Wiebe Bijker, Thomas P Hughes and Trevor Pinch (editors), The Social Construction of Technological Systems (MIT, Cambridge, MA) pages 135-158.
11. Eric von Hippel (1988), The Sources of Innovation (Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford).
12. Andrew Webster and Kathryn Packer (1996), "Patents and technology transfer in public sector research: the tension between policy and practice", paper presented at the conference.