Survival in HIV-infected patients who have received zidovudine: Comparison of combination therapy with sequential monotherapy and continued zidovudine monotherapy

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 124, Issue 12, 1996, Pages 1031-1038

  Graham, Neil M H ^a   Hoover, Donald R ^a   Park, Lawrence P ^a   Stein, Daniel S ^a   Phair, John P ^a   Mellors, John W ^a   Detels, Roger ^a   Saah, Alfred J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; DIDANOSINE; HEMOGLOBIN; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WASTING SYNDROME;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DIDANOSINE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 0030317628     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-124-12-199606150-00002     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Fischl MA, Richman DD, Grieco MH, Gottlieb MS, Volberding PA, Laskin OL, et al. The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:185-91.
2. Vella S, Giuliano M, Pezzotti P, Agresti MG, Tomino C, Floridia M, et al. Survival of zidovudine-treated patients with AIDS compared with that of contemporary untreated patients. Italian Zidovudine Evaluation Group. JAMA. 1992;267:1232-6.
3. Moore RD, Hidalgo J, Sugland BW, Chaisson RE. Zidovudine and the natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1412-6.
4. Saah AJ, Hoover DR, He Y, Kingsley LA, Phair JP. Factors influencing survival after AIDS: report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994;7:287-95.
5. Graham NM, Zeger SU Park LP, Vermund SH, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, et al. The effects on survival of early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1037-42.
6. Hamilton JD, Hartigan PM, Simberkoff MS, Day PL, Diamond GR, Dickinson GM, et al. A controlled trial of early versus late treatment with Zidovudine in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection Results of the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:437-43.
7. Concorde: MRC/ANRS randomised double-blind controlled trial of immediate and deferred Zidovudine in symptom-free HIV infection Concorde Coordinating Committee. Lancet. 1994;343:871-81.
8. B. Volberding PA, Lagakos SW, Grimes JM, Stein DS, Balfour HH Jr. Reichman RC, et al. The duration of Zidovudine benefit in persons with asymptomatic HIV infection. Prolonged evaluation of protocol 019 of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. JAMA. 1994;272:437-42.
9. Lundgren JD, Phillips AN, Pederson C, Clumeck N, Gatell JM, Johnson AM, et al. Comparison of long-term prognosis of patients with AIDS treated and not treated with zidovudine. AIDS in Europe Study Group JAMA. 1994;271:1088-92.
10. loannidis JP, Cappelleri JC, Lau J, Skolnik PR, Melville B, Chalmers TC, et al. Early or deferred zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected patients without an AIDS-defining illness. Ann Intern Med. 1996;122:856-66.
11. Park LP. Graham NMH. Jacobson LP, Murphy R, Besley D, Zucconi S, et al. Factors associated with changes in the use of antiretroviral therapy by a cohort of HIV-1 infected homosexual men. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:930-7.
12. Graham NM, Park LP, Piantadosi S, Phair JP, Mellors J, Fahey J, et al. Prognostic value of combined response markers among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: possible aid in the decision to change zidovudine monotherapy. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:352-62.
13. Kahn JO, Lagakos SW, Richman DD, Cross A, Pettinelli C, Liou SH, et al. A controlled trial comparing continued zidovudine with didanosine in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:581-7.
14. Dolin R, Amato DA, Fischl MA, Pettinelli C, Beltangady M, Liou SH, et al. Zidovudine compared with didanosine in patients with advanced HIV type 1 infection and little or no previous experience with zidovudine. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:961-74.
15. Spruance SL, Pavia AT, Peterson D, Berry A, Pollard R, Patterson TF, et al. Didanosine compared with continuation of zidovudine in HIV-infected patients with signs of clinical deterioration while receiving zidovudine. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The Bristol-Myers Squibb Al454-010 Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:360-8.
16. Fischl MA, Olson RM, Follansbee SE, Lalezari JP, Henry DH, Frame FT, et al. Zalcitabine compared with zidovudine in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection who received previous zidovudine therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:762-9.
17. Executive Summary. ACTG protocol 118. Bethesda, Marlyand: National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Press Office; 29 February 1993.
18. Abrams DI, Goldman AI. Launer C, Korvick JA, Neaton JD, Crane LR, et al. A comparative trial of didanosine or zakitabine after treatment with zidovudine in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:657-62.
19. Derbyshire JH, Aboulker JP. Didanosine for zidovudine-intolerant patients with HIV disease [Letter], Lancet. 1992;340:1346-7.
20. Meng TC, Fischl MA, Boota AM, Spector SA, Bennett D, Bassiakos Y, et al. Combination therapy with zidovudine and dideoxycytidine in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. A phase I/ll study. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:13-20.
21. Collier AC, Coombs RW, Fischl MA, Skolnik PR, Northfelt D, Boutin P, et al. Combination therapy with zidovudine and didanosine compared with zidovudine alone in HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:786-93.
22. Yarchoan R, Lietzau JA, Nguyen BY, Brawley OW, Pluda JM, Saville MW, et al. A randomized pilot study of alternating or simultaneous zidovudine and didanosine therapy in patients with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:9-17.
23. Schooley R, and the Wellcome Resistance Study Collaborative Group. Trial of ZDV/DDI vs ZDWDDC vs ZDV in HIV infected patients with CD4 cell counts less than 300: preliminary results [Abstract]. IVth European Conference on Clinical Aspects of and Treatment of HIV Infection. Milan; 1994.
24. Fischl MA, Stanley K, Collier AC, Arduino JM, Stein DS, Feinberg JE, et al. Combination and monotherapy with zidovudine and zalcitabine in patients with advanced HIV disease. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:24-32.
25. Kaslow RA, Ostrow DG, Detels R, Phair JP, Polk BF, Rinaldo CR Jr. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: rationale, organization, and selected characteristics of the participants. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126:310-8.
26. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded case surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992;41(RR-17):1-19.
27. Giorgi JV, Cheng HL, Margolick JB, Bauer KD, Ferbas J, Waxdal M, et al. Quality control in the flow cytometric measurement of T-lymphocyte subsets: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study experience. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1990;55:173-86.
28. Graham NM, Jacobson LP, Kuo V, Chmiel JS, Morgenstern H, Zucconi SL. Access to therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1989-1992. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47:1003-12.
29. Dudley J, Jin S, Hoover D, Metz S, Thackeray R, Chmiel J. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: retention after 9 1/2 years. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142:323-30.
30. SzS software, version 6.09. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1991.
31. 3 [Abstract]. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, California; 17-20 September 1995.
32. Katzenstein D and the ACTG 175 Study Group. Plasma virion RNA in response to early antiretroviral therapy in ACTG 175: do changes in viral load parallel clinical and immunologic outcomes [Abstract]? 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, California; 17-20 September 1995.
33. Gazzard B and the DELTA Study Group. Further results of the European/ Australian Delta Trial [Abstract). 3rd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Washington, DC; 28 January-1 February 1996.
34. 3 [Abstract], 3rd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Washington, DC; 28 January-1 February 1996.
35. Drusano GL, Vuen GJ, Lambert JS, Seidlin M, Dolin R, Valentine FT. Relationship between dideoxyinosine exposure. CD4 counts, and p24 antigen levels in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A phase I trial. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:562-6.
36. Drusano GL, Bates FM, Gitterman SR, Pizzo PA. Quantitative relationships between zidovudine exposure and efficacy and toxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1994;38:1726-31.
37. Sale M, Sheiner LB. Volberding P, Blaschke TF. Zidovudine response relationships in early human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993;54:556-66.
38. Dudley MN, Horton C, Kaul S, Mayer KM, Squires K, Anderson R. Integrated pharmacokinetic/dynamic model for describing changes in CD4 lymphocytes during stavudine (D4T) therapy [Abstract]. 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Anaheim, California, 11-14 October 1992.
39. Stein DS, Graham NM, Park LP, Hoover DR, Phair JP, Detels R, et al. The effect of the interaction of acydovir with zidovudine on progression to AIDS and survival. Analysis of data in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:100-8.
40. Brookmeyer R, Gail MH, Polk BF. The prevalent cohort study and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126:14-24.
41. Hoover DR. The effects of long term zidovudine therapy and Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis on HIV disease. A review of the literature. Drugs. 1995;49:20-36.
42. Graham NM, Zeger SU Park LP, Phair JP, Detels R, Vermund SH, et al. Effect of zidovudine and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet. 1991;328:265-9.
43. Longini IM Jr, Clark WS, Karon JM. Effect of routine use therapy in slowing the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a population-based cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137:1229-40.
44. SAS/STAT Software The PHREG procedure. Technical Report P-217. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1991.
45. Powderly WG, Finkelstein D, Feinberg J, Frame P, He W, van der Horst C, et al. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:700-5.
46. Nightingale SD, Cameron DW, Gordin FM, Sullam PM, Cohn DL, Chaisson RE, et al. Two controlled trials of rifabutin prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infection in AIDS. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:828-33.