United Nations relations with the United States: The UN must look out for itself

Global Governance

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 81-96

  Washburn, John L ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0030306849     PISSN: 10752846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/19426720-002-01-90000006     Document Type: Review

References (33)

1. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, speech delivered to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, UN press release, SG/SM/5531, New York, 24 January 1995.
2. Observations on attitudes and perceptions in the UN Secretariat are drawn from my service there during 1988-1994 and from fifteen unattributable interviews I conducted with Secretariat officials during 1994-1995.
3. Thomas M. Franck, Nation Against Nation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 223.
4. Jeffrey Laurenti, Strengthening U.N. Fiscal Oversight Machinery - The Debate of an Inspector-General (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1994); "UNA-USA - The Year's Highlights," The Interdependent 21, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 10.
5. Jeffrey Laurenti, Strengthening U.N. Fiscal Oversight Machinery - The Debate of an Inspector-General (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1994); "UNA-USA - The Year's Highlights," The Interdependent 21, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 10.
6. For conceptual background on this cooperation, see Robert B. Oakley, Indar Jit Rikhye, and Kenneth M. Jensen, eds., The Professionalization of Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1993).
7. Advisory Committee for the Co-ordination of Information Systems, The Internet - An Introductory Guide for United Nations Organizations (Geneva: United Nations, 1994).
8. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, "Supplement to An Agenda for Peace," in An Agenda for Peace 1995 (New York: United Nations, 1995), pp. 13-15.
9. Warren Christopher, "America's Leadership, America's Opportunity," and Bob Dole, "Shaping America's Global Future," Foreign Policy 98 (Spring 1995): 6, 29.
10. Warren Christopher, "America's Leadership, America's Opportunity," and Bob Dole, "Shaping America's Global Future," Foreign Policy 98 (Spring 1995): 6, 29.
11. Ed Gillespie and Bob Schellhas, eds., Contract with America (New York: Random House, 1994), p. 91.
12. Marjorie Ann Browne, United Nations Peacekeeping Operations 1988-1993: Background Information (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, 1993), pp. 5-8.
13. Contract with America, p. 109.
14. Madeleine K. Albright, "The United States and the United Nations: What's in It for Us?" a speech presented to the Emerging Issues Forum, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 13 February 1995; press release, U.S. Mission to the United Nations, USUN #25 (95).
15. William Clinton, "Remarks by the President in Freedom House Speech," a speech presented to the Freedom House conference on foreign policy, Washington, D.C., 6 October 1995, press release, Office of the Press Secretary, the White House, pp. 2-9.
16. "US Public Attitude on the United Nations - A Poll Conducted by the Roper Organization Sponsored by the United Nations Association of the USA, March 1989," press release, United Nations Association of the United States of America, New York, 3 May 1989; "Public Opinion in the United States About the United Nations," press release, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, May 1989; "National Security and the Corporate Community: A New Agenda for the 1990s," Emmes Executive Memo, vol. 2, no. 1, Foundation Emmes, New York, July 1990, poll of 1,000 chief executive officers conducted in late 1989; Jeffrey Laurenti, American Public Opinion and the United Nations, 1992 (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1992), poll conducted by the Roper Organization of 1,997 adults in March 1992 (this also usefully describes and analyzes preceding polls); Robert C. Toth, America's Place in the World (Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, 1993), a very detailed poll of 2,000 adults from the general public during 9-15 September 1993, and of 649 "influential Americans" during 7 July-26 August 1993; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1993), a poll of 700 Americans conducted 9-13 February 1994 by the Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on US Involvement in Bosnia (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1994), a poll of 700 Americans conducted during 5-8 April 1994; American Public Opinion on the United Nations, survey no. 25, Social National Surveys of American Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1994), a poll of 1,000 adults during 18-29 June 1994 (the results are particularly interesting regarding UN functions other than peacekeeping, changes in attitudes on funding after information is provided, and alternative ways to fund the UN); "Results of National Opinion Survey on US Foreign Policy," press release, Foreign Policy Association, New York, 1994 (an analysis of 35,000 opinion ballots cast by Foreign Policy Association members before 30 June 1994 - the results are especially significant on peacekeeping); John E. Reilly, ed., American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995 (Chicago: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), a poll of 1,492 American men and women conducted by the Gallup Organization during 7-25 October 1994 (a sample of 383 Americans "in senior positions with knowledge of international affairs" [p. 5] was conducted during 26 October-7 December 1994; the differences on the UN between the general public and the leadership respondents are particularly important); Who Will Reconnect with the People: Republicans, Democrats, or - None of the Above? survey no. 28, Serial National Surveys of Americans on Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1995), telephone survey of 1000 adults, conducted 10-28 June 1995.
17. "US Public Attitude on the United Nations - A Poll Conducted by the Roper Organization Sponsored by the United Nations Association of the USA, March 1989," press release, United Nations Association of the United States of America, New York, 3 May 1989; "Public Opinion in the United States About the United Nations," press release, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, May 1989; "National Security and the Corporate Community: A New Agenda for the 1990s," Emmes Executive Memo, vol. 2, no. 1, Foundation Emmes, New York, July 1990, poll of 1,000 chief executive officers conducted in late 1989; Jeffrey Laurenti, American Public Opinion and the United Nations, 1992 (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1992), poll conducted by the Roper Organization of 1,997 adults in March 1992 (this also usefully describes and analyzes preceding polls); Robert C. Toth, America's Place in the World (Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, 1993), a very detailed poll of 2,000 adults from the general public during 9-15 September 1993, and of 649 "influential Americans" during 7 July-26 August 1993; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1993), a poll of 700 Americans conducted 9-13 February 1994 by the Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on US Involvement in Bosnia (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1994), a poll of 700 Americans conducted during 5-8 April 1994; American Public Opinion on the United Nations, survey no. 25, Social National Surveys of American Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1994), a poll of 1,000 adults during 18-29 June 1994 (the results are particularly interesting regarding UN functions other than peacekeeping, changes in attitudes on funding after information is provided, and alternative ways to fund the UN); "Results of National Opinion Survey on US Foreign Policy," press release, Foreign Policy Association, New York, 1994 (an analysis of 35,000 opinion ballots cast by Foreign Policy Association members before 30 June 1994 - the results are especially significant on peacekeeping); John E. Reilly, ed., American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995 (Chicago: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), a poll of 1,492 American men and women conducted by the Gallup Organization during 7-25 October 1994 (a sample of 383 Americans "in senior positions with knowledge of international affairs" [p. 5] was conducted during 26 October-7 December 1994; the differences on the UN between the general public and the leadership respondents are particularly important); Who Will Reconnect with the People: Republicans, Democrats, or - None of the Above? survey no. 28, Serial National Surveys of Americans on Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1995), telephone survey of 1000 adults, conducted 10-28 June 1995.
18. "US Public Attitude on the United Nations - A Poll Conducted by the Roper Organization Sponsored by the United Nations Association of the USA, March 1989," press release, United Nations Association of the United States of America, New York, 3 May 1989; "Public Opinion in the United States About the United Nations," press release, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, May 1989; "National Security and the Corporate Community: A New Agenda for the 1990s," Emmes Executive Memo, vol. 2, no. 1, Foundation Emmes, New York, July 1990, poll of 1,000 chief executive officers conducted in late 1989; Jeffrey Laurenti, American Public Opinion and the United Nations, 1992 (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1992), poll conducted by the Roper Organization of 1,997 adults in March 1992 (this also usefully describes and analyzes preceding polls); Robert C. Toth, America's Place in the World (Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, 1993), a very detailed poll of 2,000 adults from the general public during 9-15 September 1993, and of 649 "influential Americans" during 7 July-26 August 1993; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1993), a poll of 700 Americans conducted 9-13 February 1994 by the Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on US Involvement in Bosnia (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1994), a poll of 700 Americans conducted during 5-8 April 1994; American Public Opinion on the United Nations, survey no. 25, Social National Surveys of American Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1994), a poll of 1,000 adults during 18-29 June 1994 (the results are particularly interesting regarding UN functions other than peacekeeping, changes in attitudes on funding after information is provided, and alternative ways to fund the UN); "Results of National Opinion Survey on US Foreign Policy," press release, Foreign Policy Association, New York, 1994 (an analysis of 35,000 opinion ballots cast by Foreign Policy Association members before 30 June 1994 - the results are especially significant on peacekeeping); John E. Reilly, ed., American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995 (Chicago: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), a poll of 1,492 American men and women conducted by the Gallup Organization during 7-25 October 1994 (a sample of 383 Americans "in senior positions with knowledge of international affairs" [p. 5] was conducted during 26 October-7 December 1994; the differences on the UN between the general public and the leadership respondents are particularly important); Who Will Reconnect with the People: Republicans, Democrats, or - None of the Above? survey no. 28, Serial National Surveys of Americans on Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1995), telephone survey of 1000 adults, conducted 10-28 June 1995.
19. "US Public Attitude on the United Nations - A Poll Conducted by the Roper Organization Sponsored by the United Nations Association of the USA, March 1989," press release, United Nations Association of the United States of America, New York, 3 May 1989; "Public Opinion in the United States About the United Nations," press release, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, May 1989; "National Security and the Corporate Community: A New Agenda for the 1990s," Emmes Executive Memo, vol. 2, no. 1, Foundation Emmes, New York, July 1990, poll of 1,000 chief executive officers conducted in late 1989; Jeffrey Laurenti, American Public Opinion and the United Nations, 1992 (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1992), poll conducted by the Roper Organization of 1,997 adults in March 1992 (this also usefully describes and analyzes preceding polls); Robert C. Toth, America's Place in the World (Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, 1993), a very detailed poll of 2,000 adults from the general public during 9-15 September 1993, and of 649 "influential Americans" during 7 July-26 August 1993; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1993), a poll of 700 Americans conducted 9-13 February 1994 by the Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on US Involvement in Bosnia (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1994), a poll of 700 Americans conducted during 5-8 April 1994; American Public Opinion on the United Nations, survey no. 25, Social National Surveys of American Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1994), a poll of 1,000 adults during 18-29 June 1994 (the results are particularly interesting regarding UN functions other than peacekeeping, changes in attitudes on funding after information is provided, and alternative ways to fund the UN); "Results of National Opinion Survey on US Foreign Policy," press release, Foreign Policy Association, New York, 1994 (an analysis of 35,000 opinion ballots cast by Foreign Policy Association members before 30 June 1994 - the results are especially significant on peacekeeping); John E. Reilly, ed., American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995 (Chicago: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), a poll of 1,492 American men and women conducted by the Gallup Organization during 7-25 October 1994 (a sample of 383 Americans "in senior positions with knowledge of international affairs" [p. 5] was conducted during 26 October-7 December 1994; the differences on the UN between the general public and the leadership respondents are particularly important); Who Will Reconnect with the People: Republicans, Democrats, or - None of the Above? survey no. 28, Serial National Surveys of Americans on Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1995), telephone survey of 1000 adults, conducted 10-28 June 1995.
20. "US Public Attitude on the United Nations - A Poll Conducted by the Roper Organization Sponsored by the United Nations Association of the USA, March 1989," press release, United Nations Association of the United States of America, New York, 3 May 1989; "Public Opinion in the United States About the United Nations," press release, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, May 1989; "National Security and the Corporate Community: A New Agenda for the 1990s," Emmes Executive Memo, vol. 2, no. 1, Foundation Emmes, New York, July 1990, poll of 1,000 chief executive officers conducted in late 1989; Jeffrey Laurenti, American Public Opinion and the United Nations, 1992 (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1992), poll conducted by the Roper Organization of 1,997 adults in March 1992 (this also usefully describes and analyzes preceding polls); Robert C. Toth, America's Place in the World (Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, 1993), a very detailed poll of 2,000 adults from the general public during 9-15 September 1993, and of 649 "influential Americans" during 7 July-26 August 1993; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1993), a poll of 700 Americans conducted 9-13 February 1994 by the Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on US Involvement in Bosnia (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1994), a poll of 700 Americans conducted during 5-8 April 1994; American Public Opinion on the United Nations, survey no. 25, Social National Surveys of American Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1994), a poll of 1,000 adults during 18-29 June 1994 (the results are particularly interesting regarding UN functions other than peacekeeping, changes in attitudes on funding after information is provided, and alternative ways to fund the UN); "Results of National Opinion Survey on US Foreign Policy," press release, Foreign Policy Association, New York, 1994 (an analysis of 35,000 opinion ballots cast by Foreign Policy Association members before 30 June 1994 - the results are especially significant on peacekeeping); John E. Reilly, ed., American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995 (Chicago: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), a poll of 1,492 American men and women conducted by the Gallup Organization during 7-25 October 1994 (a sample of 383 Americans "in senior positions with knowledge of international affairs" [p. 5] was conducted during 26 October-7 December 1994; the differences on the UN between the general public and the leadership respondents are particularly important); Who Will Reconnect with the People: Republicans, Democrats, or - None of the Above? survey no. 28, Serial National Surveys of Americans on Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1995), telephone survey of 1000 adults, conducted 10-28 June 1995.
21. "US Public Attitude on the United Nations - A Poll Conducted by the Roper Organization Sponsored by the United Nations Association of the USA, March 1989," press release, United Nations Association of the United States of America, New York, 3 May 1989; "Public Opinion in the United States About the United Nations," press release, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, May 1989; "National Security and the Corporate Community: A New Agenda for the 1990s," Emmes Executive Memo, vol. 2, no. 1, Foundation Emmes, New York, July 1990, poll of 1,000 chief executive officers conducted in late 1989; Jeffrey Laurenti, American Public Opinion and the United Nations, 1992 (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1992), poll conducted by the Roper Organization of 1,997 adults in March 1992 (this also usefully describes and analyzes preceding polls); Robert C. Toth, America's Place in the World (Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, 1993), a very detailed poll of 2,000 adults from the general public during 9-15 September 1993, and of 649 "influential Americans" during 7 July-26 August 1993; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1993), a poll of 700 Americans conducted 9-13 February 1994 by the Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on US Involvement in Bosnia (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1994), a poll of 700 Americans conducted during 5-8 April 1994; American Public Opinion on the United Nations, survey no. 25, Social National Surveys of American Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1994), a poll of 1,000 adults during 18-29 June 1994 (the results are particularly interesting regarding UN functions other than peacekeeping, changes in attitudes on funding after information is provided, and alternative ways to fund the UN); "Results of National Opinion Survey on US Foreign Policy," press release, Foreign Policy Association, New York, 1994 (an analysis of 35,000 opinion ballots cast by Foreign Policy Association members before 30 June 1994 - the results are especially significant on peacekeeping); John E. Reilly, ed., American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995 (Chicago: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), a poll of 1,492 American men and women conducted by the Gallup Organization during 7-25 October 1994 (a sample of 383 Americans "in senior positions with knowledge of international affairs" [p. 5] was conducted during 26 October-7 December 1994; the differences on the UN between the general public and the leadership respondents are particularly important); Who Will Reconnect with the People: Republicans, Democrats, or - None of the Above? survey no. 28, Serial National Surveys of Americans on Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1995), telephone survey of 1000 adults, conducted 10-28 June 1995.
22. "US Public Attitude on the United Nations - A Poll Conducted by the Roper Organization Sponsored by the United Nations Association of the USA, March 1989," press release, United Nations Association of the United States of America, New York, 3 May 1989; "Public Opinion in the United States About the United Nations," press release, Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York, May 1989; "National Security and the Corporate Community: A New Agenda for the 1990s," Emmes Executive Memo, vol. 2, no. 1, Foundation Emmes, New York, July 1990, poll of 1,000 chief executive officers conducted in late 1989; Jeffrey Laurenti, American Public Opinion and the United Nations, 1992 (New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1992), poll conducted by the Roper Organization of 1,997 adults in March 1992 (this also usefully describes and analyzes preceding polls); Robert C. Toth, America's Place in the World (Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, 1993), a very detailed poll of 2,000 adults from the general public during 9-15 September 1993, and of 649 "influential Americans" during 7 July-26 August 1993; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on Peacekeeping (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1993), a poll of 700 Americans conducted 9-13 February 1994 by the Center for the Study of Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland; Steven Kull and Clay Ramsay, US Public Attitudes on US Involvement in Bosnia (Washington, D.C.: University of Maryland, 1994), a poll of 700 Americans conducted during 5-8 April 1994; American Public Opinion on the United Nations, survey no. 25, Social National Surveys of American Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1994), a poll of 1,000 adults during 18-29 June 1994 (the results are particularly interesting regarding UN functions other than peacekeeping, changes in attitudes on funding after information is provided, and alternative ways to fund the UN); "Results of National Opinion Survey on US Foreign Policy," press release, Foreign Policy Association, New York, 1994 (an analysis of 35,000 opinion ballots cast by Foreign Policy Association members before 30 June 1994 - the results are especially significant on peacekeeping); John E. Reilly, ed., American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995 (Chicago: The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), a poll of 1,492 American men and women conducted by the Gallup Organization during 7-25 October 1994 (a sample of 383 Americans "in senior positions with knowledge of international affairs" [p. 5] was conducted during 26 October-7 December 1994; the differences on the UN between the general public and the leadership respondents are particularly important); Who Will Reconnect with the People: Republicans, Democrats, or - None of the Above? survey no. 28, Serial National Surveys of Americans on Public Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: American Talk Issues Foundation, 1995), telephone survey of 1000 adults, conducted 10-28 June 1995.
23. Reilly, American Public Opinion on US Foreign Policy 1995, p. 15.
24. Ibid., p. 8.
25. Ibid., p. 33.
26. Kull and Ramsay, Attitudes on Peacekeeping, p. 8.
27. For example, Christopher, in "America's Leadership," makes an effort to proclaim strategic principles but quickly reverts to the consideration of particular cases.
28. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace; Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Development (New York: United Nations, 1994); Boutros-Ghali, Building Peace and Development (New York: United Nations, 1994).
29. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace; Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Development (New York: United Nations, 1994); Boutros-Ghali, Building Peace and Development (New York: United Nations, 1994).
30. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace; Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Development (New York: United Nations, 1994); Boutros-Ghali, Building Peace and Development (New York: United Nations, 1994).
31. "Fact Sheet from Rotary International," press release, Rotary International, Evanston, Illinois, 1994; "The NGO Explosion," insert in Monday Developments 13, no. 8 (April 1995) (this is the newsletter of InterAction, a coalition of more than 150 private voluntary organizations working in development, humanitarian relief, and public policy). InterAction and its members participate in both USAID and UN programs.
32. Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighborhood (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 32-35, 56-57.
33. Dole, "America's Global Future," p. 43: "We must look to the lessons of the Cold War to guide our future foreign policy."