Exploring minority empowerment: Symbolic politics, governing coalitions, and traces of political style in Los Angeles

American Journal of Political Science

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 56-81

  Gilliam Jr , Frank D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030306435     PISSN: 00925853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2111694     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Abramson, Paul R. 1983. Political Attitudes in America: Formation and Change. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company.
2. Arvizu, John R. 1994. "Socio-Demographic Variables and the Latino Vote in 88: Some New Evidence from the Latino National Political Survey." A paper prepared for delivery at the annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 10-12.
3. Banfield, Edward C., and James Q. Wilson. 1963. City Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4. Bates, Timothy and Darell L. Williams. 1993. "Racial Politics: Does it Pay?" Social Science Quarterly 74:507-22.
5. Bobo, Lawrence D. and Franklin D. Gilliam, Jr. 1990. "Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment." American Political Science Review 842:1-28.
6. Browning, Rufus P., Dale Rogers Marshall and David H. Tabb. 1984. Protest is Not Enough: The Struggle of Black and Hispanics for Equality in Urban Politics. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
7. Browning, Rufus P., Dale Rogers Marshall and David H. Tabb. 1990. Racial Politics in American Cities. White Plains, N.Y.: Longman.
8. Bullock, Charles S. III. 1984. "Racial Crossover Voting and the Election of Black Officials." Journal of Politics 46:238-51.
9. Bullock, Charles S. III and Bruce A. Campbell. 1984. "Racist or Racial Voting in the 1981 Atlanta Municipal Elections." Urban Affairs Quarterly 20:149-64.
10. Button, James. 1989. Blacks and Social Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11. Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
12. Centers, Richard. 1949. The Psychology of Social Classes. New York: Russell and Russell.
13. Chong, Dennis. 1991. Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
14. Cole, Leonard A. 1976. "Electing Blacks to Municipal Office: Structural and Social Determinants." Urban Affairs Quarterly 10:17-39.
15. Converse, Philip. 1966. "Mass Belief Systems." In Ideology and Discontent, ed. David E. Apter. London: Free Press of Glencoe.
16. Crenshaw, Kimberle Williams. 1993. "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence Against Women of Color." Stanford Law Review 43(6).
17. Dahl, Robert. 1961. Who Governs? New Haven: Yale University Press.
18. Darhendorf, R. 1959. Class & Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
19. Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
20. Domhoff, William. 1983. Who Rules America Now? A View for the 80's. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
21. Dye, Thomas R. and James Renick. 1981. "Political Power and City Jobs: Determinants of Minority Employment." Social Science Quarterly 62:475-86.
22. Edelman, Murray J. 1964. The Symbolic Uses of Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
23. Edelman, Murray J. 1971. Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence. Chicago: Markham Publisher.
24. Edsall, Thomas B. and Mary D. Edsall. 1992. Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights and Taxes on American Politics. New York: W.W. Norton.
25. Eisinger, Peter K. 1982. "Black Employment in Municipal Jobs: The Impact of Black Political Power." American Political Science Review 76:330-92.
26. Eisinger, Peter K. 1983. "The Politics of Racial Economic Advancement." In Culture, Ethnicity, and Identity: Current Issues in Research, ed. William C. McCreadey. New York: Academic Press.
27. Engstrom, Richard and Michael McDonald. 1981. "The Election of Blacks to City Councils: Clarifying the Impact of Electoral Arrangements on the Population Relationship." American Political Science Review 75:344-54.
28. Erie, Steven P. 1980. Rainbow's End. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
29. Fleischmann, Stein L. 1987. "Minority and Female Success in Municipal Run-off Elections." Social Science Quarterly 68:378-85.
30. Frey, James H. 1989. Survey Research by Telephone. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.
31. Frazier, E. Franklin. 1957. Black Bourgeoisie. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.
32. Gilliam, Franklin D. Jr., and Kenneth J. Whitby. 1989. "Race, Class and Attitudes Toward Social Welfare Spending: An Ethclass Interpretation." Social Science Quarterly 7(1): 88-100.
33. Gordon, Milton. 1964. Assimilation in America: The Role of Race, Religion and National Origin. New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Gosnell, Harold F. 1968. Machine Politics: Chicago Model. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
35. Guerra, Fernando. 1991. "The Emergence of Ethnic Officeholders in California." In Racial and Ethnic Politics in California, ed. Bryan O. Jackson and Michael Preston. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press.
36. Gurin, Patricia, Shirley Hatchett and James S. Jackson. 1989. Hope and Independence: Blacks' Response to Electoral and Party Politics. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
37. Guterbock, Thomas and Bruce London. 1983. "Race, Political Orientation and Participation: A Test of Four Competing Theories." American Sociological Review 48:191-206.
38. Hacker, Andrew. 1992. Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, and Unequal. New York: Scribner's.
39. Hahn, Harlan, David Klingman, and Harry Pachon. 1976. "Cleavages, Coalitions and the Black Candidate: The Los Angeles Mayoral Elections of 1969 and 1973." Western Political Quarterly 29:521-30.
40. Hall-Saltzstein, Grace. 1989. "Black Mayors and Police Policies." Journal of Politics 51: 525-44.
41. Hally, Robert M., Alan C. Acock and Thomas Greene. 1976. "Ethnicity and Social Class: Voting in the Los Angeles Municipal Elections." Western Political Quarterly 29:507-20.
42. Hero, Rodney E. and Kathleen M. Beatty. 1989. "The Election of Federico Pena as Mayor of Denver: Analysis and Implications." Social Science Quarterly 70(2):300-10.
43. Hunter, Floyd. 1953. Community Power Structure. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
44. Hutchins, Marvin and Lee Sigelman. 1981. "Black Employment in State and Local Governments." Social Science Quarterly 62:79-87.
45. Jackson, Bryan O. and Michael B. Preston, eds. 1990. Racial and Ethnic Politics in California. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press.
46. Jennings, James. 1992. The Politics of Black Empowerment: The Transformation of Black Activism in Urban America. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
47. Jones, Mack. 1978. "Black Political Empowerment in Atlanta: Myth and Reality." Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 439:90-117.
48. Karnig, Albert. 1979. "Black Resources and City Council Representation." Journal of Politics 41:134-49.
49. Karnig, Albert and Susan Welch. 1980. Black Representation and Urban Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
50. Karnig, Albert and Susan Welch. 1982. "Electoral Structure and Black Representation on City Councils." Social Science Quarterly 63:99-114.
51. Kaufmann, Karen. 1994. "Us Versus Them: A Group Conflict Analysis of the 1993 Los Angeles Mayoral Election." A paper prepared for delivery at the annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Albuquerque, New Mexico March 10-12.
52. Keller, Edmond. 1978. "The Impact of Black Mayors on Urban Policy." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 439:40-52.
53. Ladd, Everett Carl Jr. 1966. Negro Political Leadership in the South. New York: Atheneum.
54. Lavrakas, Paul J. 1993. Telephone Survey Methods: Sampling, Selection, and Supervision. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.
55. Lenski, Gerhard Emmanuel. 1966. Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification. New York: McGraw-Hill.
56. MacManus, Susan A. and Carol A. Cassel. 1982. "Mexican-Americans in City Politics: Participation, Representation, and Policy Preferences." Urban Interest 4:57-69.
57. McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
58. McClain, Paula D. 1993. "The Changing Dynamics of Urban Politics: Black and Hispanic Municipal Employment - Is There Competition?" The Journal of Politics 55:399-414.
59. Meier, Kenneth J. and Robert E. England. 1984. "Black Representation and Educational Policy: Are They Related?" The American Political Science Review 78:38-49.
60. Meier, Kenneth J. and Joseph Stewart. 1991. The Politics of Hispanic Education. New York: SUNY Press.
61. Mladenka, Kenneth D. 1989. "Blacks and Hispanics in Urban Politics." American Political Science Review 83(1): 165-92.
62. Morris, Aldon D. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press.
63. Murray, Richard and Arnold Vedlitz. 1978. "Racial Voting Patterns in the South; an Analysis of Major Elections from 1960 to 1977 in Five Cities." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 439:29-39.
64. Nelson, William. 1972. Black Politics in Gary. Washington, D.C.: Joint Center for Political Studies.
65. Orfield, Gary and Carole Ashkinaze. 1991. The Closing Door, Conservative Policy and Black Opportunity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
66. Perry, Huey L. 1983. "The Impact of Black Political Participation on Public Sector Employment and Representation on Municipal Boards and Commissions." Review of Black Political Economy 12:203-17.
67. Perry, Huey L. 1990a. "The Evolution and Impact of Biracial Coalitions and Black Mayors in Birmingham and New Orleans." In Racial Politics in American Cities, ed. Rufus P. Browning, Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb. New York: Longman.
68. Perry, Huey L. 1990b. "Black Politics and Mayoral Leadership in Birmingham and New Orleans." In Big City Black Mayors: Have They Made a Difference? (Symposium), ed. Michael B. Preston, National Political Science Review 2:154-60.
69. Preston, Michael B. 1990. "Black Mayors: An Overview." National Political Science Review 2:131-7.
70. Preston, Michael B. 1993. "The 1993 Los Angeles Mayoral Election: Partisanship in a Nonpartisan City." Paper delivered at the Workshop on Race, Ethnicity, Representation, and Governance, Center for American Political Studies, Harvard University, June 17-18.
71. Regalado, James. 1991. "Conflicts Over Redistricting in Los Angeles County: Who Wins? Who Loses?" In Racial and Ethnic Politics in California, ed. Bryan Jackson and Michael Preston. Berkeley: Institute of Government Studies Press.
72. Rich, Wilbur. 1989. Coleman Young and Detroit Politics. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
73. Robinson, Ted P. and Thomas Dye. 1978. "Reformism and Black Representation on City Councils." Social Science Quarterly 59:133-41.
74. Robinson, Ted P. and Robert E. England. 1981. "Black Representation on Central City School Boards Revisited." Social Science Quarterly 62:495-502.
75. Sears, David. 1993. "Symbolic Politics: A Social-Psychological Theory." In Explorations in Political Psychology, ed. Shanto Iyengar and William J. McGuire. Durham: Duke University Press.
76. Smith, Robert C. and Richard Seltzer. 1992. Race, Class, and Culture: A Study in Afro-American Mass Opinion. Albany: State University of New York Press.
77. Sonenshein, Raphael J. 1993. Politics in Black and White Race and Power in Los Angeles. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
78. Stone, Clarence N. 1989. Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
79. Tate, Katherine. 1993. From Protest to Politics: The New Black Voters in American Elections. Cambridge: Russell Sage. Harvard University Press.
80. Uhlaner, Carole J., Bruce E. Cain and D. Roderick Kiewiet. 1989. "Political Participation of Ethnic Minorities in the 1990's." Political Behavior 11:195-231.
81. Vanderleeuw, James M. 1991. "A City in Transition: The Impact of Changing Racial Composition on Voting Behavior." Social Science Quarterly 71:326-38.
82. Verba, Sydney and Norman Nie. 1972. Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York: Harper and Row.
83. Welch, Susan and Timothy Bledsoe. 1986. "The Partisan Consequences on Nonpartisan Elections and the Changing Nature of Urban Politics." American Journal of Political Science 30(1):128-39.
84. West, Cornel. 1993. Race Matters. Boston: Beacon Press.
85. Williams, Linda. 1987. "Black Political Progress in the 1980's: The Electoral Arena." In The New Black Politics, 2nd ed., ed. M. Preston, L. Henderson, and P. Puryear. New York: Longman Press, 97-136.
86. Wilson. James Q. 1960. Negro Politics: The Search for Leadership. New York: Free Press.
87. Wright, Erik Olin. 1985. Classes. London: Verso.
88. Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.