Silence the self and depression among women: The moderating role of race

Psychology of Women Quarterly

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 375-392

  Carr, Judith G ^a   Gilroy, Faith D ^b   Sherman, Martin F ^b  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030305975     PISSN: 03616843     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00306.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aiken, L.S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Arieti, S., & Bemporad, J. (1978). Severe and mild depression: The psychotherapeutic approach. New York: Basic Books.
3. Barbee, E. L. (1992). African American women and depression: A review and critique of the literature. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6, 257-265.
4. Beck, A. T., Rial, W. Y., & Rickels, K. (1974). Short form of depression inventory: Cross-validation. Psychological Reports, 34, 1184-1186.
5. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.
6. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
7. Belle, D. (Ed.). (1982). Lives in stress: Women and depression. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
8. Bernstein, B. L. (1992). Central issue importance as a function of gender and ethnicity. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 10, 241-252.
9. Boyd-Franklin, N. (1983). Black family lifestyles: A lesson in survival. In A. Swerdlow & H. Lessinger (Eds.), Class, race and sex: The dynamics of control (pp. 189-199). Boston: G. K. Hall.
10. Brown, D. R., & Gary, L. E. (1985). Social support network differentials among married and nonmarried black females. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 9, 229-241.
11. Brown, L. M., & Gilligan, C. (1992). Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12. Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
13. Christian, B. (Ed). (1985). Black feminist criticism: Perspectives on black women writers, New York: Pergamon.
14. Collins, P. H. (1987). The meaning of motherhood in Black culture and black mother/daughter relationships. A Scholarly Journal on Black Women, 4, 3-10.
15. Collins, P. H. (1989). The social construction of Black feminist thought. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 14, 745-773.
16. Collins, P. H. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness and the politics of empowerment: Perspectives on gender (Vol. 2). New York: Routledge.
17. Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354.
18. Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive. New York: Wiley.
19. Edwards, K. L. (1987). Exploratory study of black psychological health. Journal of Religion and Health, 26, 73-80.
20. Freudiger, P., & Almquist, E. M. (1983). Sources of life satisfaction: The different worlds of Black women and White women. In Black working women: Debunking the myths: A multidisciplinary approach: Proceedings of a research conference to examine the status of black working women in the United States (pp. 93-111). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
21. Genero, N. P., Miller, J. B., Surrey, J., & Baldwin, L. M. (1992). Measuring perceived mutuality in close relationships: Validation of the Mutual Psychological Development Questionnaire. Journal of Family Psychology, 6, 36-48.
22. Gilligan, C. (1979). Woman's place in man's life cycle. Harvard Educational Review, 49, 431-446.
23. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
24. Gump, J. P. (1975). Comparative analysis of Black women's and white women's sex role attitudes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 858-863.
25. Hatchett, S. J. (1991). Women and men. In J. S. Jackson (Ed.), Life in black America (pp. 84-104). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
26. Hill, R. B. (1972). The strengths of black families. New York: Emerson Hill.
27. Hurtado, A. (1989). Relating to privilege: Seduction and rejection in the subordination of White women and women of color. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 14, 833-855.
28. Jack, D. C. (1987a). Self-in-relation theory. In R. Formanek & A. Gurian (Eds.), Women and depression: A lifespan perspective (pp. 41-45). New York: Springer.
29. Jack, D. C. (1987b). Silencing the self: The power of social imperatives in female depression. In R. Formanek & A. Gurian (Eds.), Women and depression: A lifespan perspective (pp. 161-181). New York: Springer.
30. Jack, D. C. (1991). Silencing the self: Women and depression. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. Jack, D. C., & Dill, D. (1992). The Silencing the Self Scale: Schemas of intimacy associated with depression in women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 97-106.
32. Jordan, J. V. (1986). The meaning of mutuality. Wellesley, MA: Stone Center for Developmental Services and Studies, Wellesley College.
33. Jordan, J. V., Kaplan, A. G., Miller, J. B., Stiver, I. P., & Surrey, J. L. (Eds.). (1991). Women's growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center. New York: Guilford Press.
34. Jordan, J. V., & Surrey, J. L. (1986). The self-in-relation: Empathy and the mother-daughter relationship. In T. Bernay & D. W. Cantor (Eds.), The psychology of today's woman: New psychoanalytic visions (pp. 81-104). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
35. Joseph, G. I., & Lewis, J. (1981). Common differences: Conflicts in Black and White feminist perspectives. New York: Doubleday.
36. Kaplan, A. (1986). The "self-in-relation": Implications for depression in women. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 23, 234-241.
37. Kobayashi, J. S. (1989). Depathologizing dependency: Two perspectives. Psychiatric Annals, 19, 653-658.
38. Martin, E. P., & Martin, J. M. (1986). The Black woman: Perspectives on her role in the family. In W. A. Van Horne & T. V. Tonnesen (Eds.), Ethnicity and women: Ethnicity and public policy series (Vol. 5, pp. 184-205). Milwaukee, WI: University of Wisconsin System, American Ethnic Studies Coordinating Committee/Urban Corridor Consortium.
39. Mbiti, J. S. (1969). African religions and philosophy. London: Heineman.
40. McGrath, E., Keita, G. P., Strickland, B. R., & Russo, N. F. (Eds.). (1990). Women and depression: Risk factors and treatment issues. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
41. Miller, J. B. (1976). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston: Beacon.
42. Miller, J. B. (1988). Connections, disconnections and violations. Wellesley, MA: Stone Center for Developmental Services and Studies, Wellesley College.
43. Miller, J. B. (1991). The development of women's sense of self. In J. V. Jordan, A. G. Kaplan, J. B. Miller, I. P. Stiver, & J. L. Surrey (Eds.), Women's growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center (pp. 11-26). New York: Guilford Press.
44. Molock, S. D., Kimbrough, R., Lacy, M. B., McClure, K. P., & Williams, S. (1994). Suicidal behavior among African American college students: A preliminary study. Journal of Black Psychology, 20, 234-251.
45. Nobles, W. W. (1974). Africanity: Its role in Black families. Black Scholar, 5, 10-17.
46. Nobles, W. W. (1980). African philosophy: Foundations for Black psychology. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (pp. 23-36). New York: Harper & Row.
47. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990). Sex differences in depression. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
48. Notman, M. J., Zelbach, J. J., Miller, J. B., & Nadelson, C. C. (1986). Themes in psychoanalytic understanding of women: Some reconsiderations of autonomy and affiliation. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 14, 241-253.
49. Paulhus, D. L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 17-51). New York: Academic Press.
50. Ramseur, H. P. (1989). Psychologically healthy Black adults: A review of theory and research. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black adult development and aging (pp. 215-241), Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry.
51. Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. (1991). Essentials of behavioral research: Methods and data analysis (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
52. Stack, C. B. (1974). All our kin: Strategies for survival in a Black community. New York: Harper & Row.
53. Stack, C. B. (1986). The culture of gender: Women and men of color. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 11, 321-324.
54. Steady, F. C. (1985). The Black woman cross-culturally. Rochester, VT: Schenkman Books.
55. Stiver, I. (1991). The meaning of "dependency" in female-male relationships. In J. V. Jordan, A. G. Kaplan, J. B. Miller, I. P. Stiver, & J. L. Surrey (Eds.), Women's growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center (pp. 143-161). New York: Guilford Press.
56. Taylor, R. J., & Chatters, L. M. (1989). Family, friend and church support network of Black Americans. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black adult development and aging (pp. 245-271). Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry.
57. Way, N. (1995). "Can't you see the courage, the strength that I have?" Listening to urban adolescent girls speak about their relationships. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 107-128.
58. White, J. L., Parham, W. D., & Parham, T. A. (1980). Black psychology: The Afro-American tradition as a unifying force for traditional psychology. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (pp. 56-66). New York: Harper & Row.