Do parasites reduce the chances of triangulation in a real food web?

Oikos

Volumn 76, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 284-300

  Huxham, M ^a   Beaney, S ^b   Raffaelli, D ^c  

^a EDINBURGH NAPIER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b National Semi Conductor UK (Ltd)   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE; FOOD WEB; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTION; NICHE OVERLAP; PARASITE;

UK, SCOTLAND, GRAMPIAN, YTHAN ESTUARY;

EID: 0030304321     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3546201     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Briand, F. 1983. Environmental control of food web structure. - Ecology 64: 253-263.
2. Cohen, J. E. 1978. Food webs and niche space - Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
3. _ and Palka, Z. 1990. A stochastic theory of community food webs V. Intervality and triangulation in the trophic niche overlap graph. - Am. Nat. 135: 435-463.
4. _ , Briand, F. and Newman, C. M. 1986. A stochastic theory of community food webs. II: Individual webs. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 228: 317-353.
5. _ , Briand, F. and Newman, C. M. 1990. Community food webs. Data and theory. - Springer, London.
6. _ , Pimm, S. L., Yodzis, P. and Saldana, J. 1993a. Body sizes of animal predators and animal prey in food webs. - J. Anim. Ecol. 62: 67-78.
7. _ , Beaver, R., Cousins, S., ReAngelis, D., Goldwasser, L., Heong, K., Holt, R., Kohn, A., Lawton, J., Martinez, N., O'Malley, R., Page, L , Pattern B , Pimm, S , Polis, G., Rejmanek, M., Schoener, T., Schoenly, K., Sprules, W., Teal J., Ulanowicz, R., Warren, P., Wilbur, H. and Yodzis, P. 1993b. Improving food webs - Ecology 74: 252-258.
8. Esch. G. W. and Fernandez, J. C. 1993. A functional biology of parasitism Ecological and evolutionary implications. - Chapman and Hall, London.
9. Gomes, M. C. 1993. Predictions under uncertainty - fish assemblages on the grand banks of Newfoundland. - Inst. of Social and Economic Research, Newfoundland.
10. Hall, S. and Raffaelli, D. 1991. Food web patterns: lessons from a species rich web. - J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 823-842.
11. _ and Raffaelli, D. 1993. Food webs: Theory and reality. -Adv. Ecol. Res. 24: 187-239.
12. Havens, K. 1992. Scale and structure in natural food webs. -Science 257: 1107-1109.
13. Holmes, J. C. 1990. Helminth communities in marine fish. -In: Esch, G., Bush, A and Aho, J. (eds), Parasite communities: patterns and processes. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 101-130.
14. Huxham, M., Raffaelli, D. and Pike, A. 1995. Parasites and food web patterns. - J. Anim. Ecol. 64: 168-176.
15. Kennedy, C. R. 1975. Ecological animal parasitology. - Blackwell, Oxford.
16. Lawton, J. H. 1989. Food webs. - In: Cherrett, J. (ed.), Ecological concepts. The contribution of ecology to an understanding of the natural world, Blackwell. Oxford.
17. - and Warren, P H. 1988 Static and dynamic explanations for patterns in food webs. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 3: 242-245.
18. Martinez, N. D. 1991. Artifacts or attributes? Effects of resolution on the Little Rock Lake food web. - Ecol. Monogr. 61: 367-392.
19. Minchella, D. J. and Scott, M. E. 1991. Parasitism: A cryptic determinant of animal community structure. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 6: 250-254.
20. Pimm, S. L. 1982. Food webs. - Chapman and Hall, London.
21. - 1991 The balance of nature? Ecological issues in the conservation of species and communities. -Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
22. _ and Rice, J. C. 1987. The dynamics of multispecies, multilife-stage models of aquatic food webs. - Theor. Popul. Biol. 32: 303-325.
23. _ , Lawton, J. H. and Cohen, J. E. 1991. Food web patterns and their consequences. - Nature 350: 669-674.
24. Polis, G. A. 1991 Complex trophic interactions in deserts: an empirical critique of food web theory. - Am. Nat. 138: 123-155.
25. Price, P. W. 1980. Evolutionary biology of parasites. - Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
26. Sousa, W. P. 1991. Can models of soft-sediment community structure be complete without parasites? - Am. Zool. 31: 821-830.
27. Sugihara G. 1984. Graph theory, homology and food webs. -Proc. Symp. Appl. Math. 30: 83-101.
28. Warren, P. H. 1989. Spatial and temporal variation in the structure of a freshwater food web. - Oikos 55: 299-311.
29. _ 1994. Making connections in food webs. - Trends Ecol Evol. 9: 136-141.
30. Warren, P. and Lawton, J. 1987. Invertebrate predator-prey body size relationships: an explanation for upper triangular food webs and patterns in food web structure? - Oecologia 74: 231-235.
31. Winemiller, K. O. 1990. Spatial and temporal variation in tropical fish trophic networks. - Ecol. Monogr. 60: 331-367.
32. Yodzis, P. 1994. Environment and trophodiversity. - In: Ricklefs, R.F. and Schluter, D. (eds), Species diversity in ecological communities - historical and geographical perspectives. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 26-38.