A spatially explicit population model of stoloniferous N-fixing legumes in mixed pasture with grass

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 84, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 815-826

  Schwinning, S ^a   Parsons, A J ^a,b  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b AGRESEARCH GRASSLANDS   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

cellular automaton; metapopulation dynamics; pattern formation; population oscillations

Indexed keywords

CELLULAR AUTOMATON; GRASS; LEGUME; NITROGEN FIXATION; PASTURE;

FABACEAE; POACEAE;

EID: 0030303558     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2960554     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Britton, N.F. (1989) Aggregation and the competitive exclusion principle. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 136, 57-66.
2. Brock, J.L., Hay, M.J.M., Thomas, V J. & Sedcole, J.R. (1988) Morphology of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) plants in pastures under intensive sheep grazing. Journal of Agricultural Science, 111, 273-283.
3. Cain, M.L., Pacala, S.W., Silander, J.A. & Fortin, M.J. (1995) Neighborhood models of clonal growth in the white clover, Trifolium repens. American Naturalist, 6, 888-917
4. Caswell, H. (1991) Disturbance, interspecific interaction and diversity in metapopulations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 42, 193-218.
5. Chapman, D F., Parsons, A. J. & Schwinning, S. (1996) Management of white clover in grazed pastures: Expectations, limitations and opportunities. White Clover. New Zealand's Competitive Edge. Symposium of the New Zealand Grassland Association. Lincoln, New Zealand, pp. 55-64.
6. Chapman, D.F. (1983) Growth and demography of Trifolium repens stolons in grazed hill pastures. Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 597-608.
7. Comins, H.N., Hassell, M.P. & May, R M. (1992) The spatial dynamics of host-parasitoid systems. Journal of Animal Ecology. 61, 735-748.
8. Davies, D.A., Fothergill. M. & Morgan, C.T. (1993) Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and without white clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the uplands. 5. Herbage production, quality and intake in years 4-6. Grass and Forage Science, 48, 213-222.
9. Doak, B.W. (1952) Some chemical changes in the nitrogenous constituents of urine when voided on pastures. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 42, 162-171.
10. Goldwasser, L., Cook, J & Silverman, E.D. (1994) The effects of variability on metapopulation dynamics and rates of invasion. Ecology, 75, 40-47.
11. Edwards, G.R.E. (1994) The creation and maintenance of spatial heterogeneity m plant communities: the role of plant-animal interactions. PhD thesis, University of Oxford.
12. Frame, J. & Newbould, P. (1986) Agronomy of white clover. Advances in Agronomy, 40, 1-88.
13. Hassell, M P., Comins, H.N. & May, R M. (1991) Spatial structure and chaos in insect population dynamics. Nature, 353, 255-258.
14. Hastings, A. (1993) Complex interactions between dispersal and dynamics: lessons from coupled logistic equations. Ecology, 74, 1362-1372.
15. Hendry, R.J. & McGlade, J.M. (1995) The role of memory in ecological systems. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 259, 153-159.
16. Kareiva, P. (1990) Population dynamics in spatially complex environments: theory and data. Philosophical Transactions of the Roval Society of London, Series B, 330, 175-190.
17. Kessler, W. & Nösberger, J. (1994) Factors limiting white clover growth in grass/clover systems. Grassland and Society. Proceedings of the 15th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, June 6-9, 1994 (eds L. Mannetje & J. Frame), pp. 525-538. European Grassland Federation, Wageningen
18. Lambert, M.G., Clark, D.A., Grant, D.A. & Costall, D.A. (1986) Influence of fertiliser and grazing management on North Island moist hill country. 2. Pasture botanical composition. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, 1-10.
19. Levin, S A. (1974) Dispersion and population interactions. American Naturalist, 108, 207-228.
20. May, R.M. (1981) Models for single populations Theoretical Ecology: Principles and Applications, 2nd edn (ed. by R. M. May). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
21. Marriott. CA., Smith. M.A. & Baird, M.A. (1987) The effect of sheep urine on clover performance in a grazed upland sward. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 109, 177-185.
22. Moilanen, A. & Hanski, I. (1995) Habitat destruction and coexistence of competitors in a spatially realistic metapopulation model. Journal of Animal Ecology. 64, 141-144.
23. Molofsky, J. (1994) Population dynamics and pattern formation in theoretical populations. Ecology, 75, 30-39.
24. Nowak, M A & May, R.A (1992) Evolutionary games and spatial chaos. Nature. 359, 826-829.
25. Orr, R.J., Penning, P.D., Parsons, A.J. & Champion, R.A. (1995) Herbage intake and N excretion by sheep grazing monocultures or a mixture of grass and white clover. Grass and Forage Science, 50, 31-40.
26. Pacala, S.W., Hassell, M.P. & May, R.M. (1990) Host-parasitoid associations in patchy environments. Nature, 344, 150-153.
27. Parsons, A.J., Orr, R.J., Penning, P.D., Lockyer, D.R. & Ryden, J.C. (1991) Uptake, cycling and fate of nitrogen in grass-clover swards continuously grazed by sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 116, 47-61.
28. Parsons, A.J., Thornley, J.H.M., Newman, J.A. & Penning, P.D. (1994) A mechanistic model of some physical determinants of intake rate and diet selection in a two-species temperate grassland sward. Functional Ecology, 8, 187-204.
29. Rickard, D.S. & McBride, S.D. (1986) Irrigated and no-irrigated pasture production at Winchmore. Technical Report 21. Winchmore Irrigation Research Station.
30. Robin, C., Hay, M.J M , Newton, P.C.D. & Greer, D.H. (1994) Effect of light quality (red:far-red ratio) at the apical bud of the main stolon on morphogenesis of Tri-foliuin repens. Annals of Rotany, 74, 119-123.
31. Ryden, J.C. (1984) The flow of nitrogen m grassland. Proceedings no. 229, Fertiliser Society, London.
32. Sackville-Hamitton, N.R. & Harper, J.L. (1989a) The dynamics of Trifolium repens in a permanent pasture. I. The population dynamics of leaves and nodes per shoot axis. Proceedings of the Royal Society (London), Series B, 237, 133-173.
33. Sackville-Hamilton, N.R. & Harper, J L. (1989b) The dynamics of Trifolium repens in a permanent pasture. II. Internode length and the movement of shoot axes. Proceedings of the Royal Society (London), Series B, 239, 359-382.
34. Schwinning, S. & Parsons, A.J. (1996) Analysis of the coexistence mechanisms for grasses and legumes in grazing systems. Journal of Ecology, 84, 799-813.
35. Silvertown, J., Holtier, S., Johnson, J. & Dale, P. (1992) Cellular automaton models of interspecific competition for space - the effect of pattern on process. Journal of Ecology, 80, 527-534.
36. Steele, K.W. & Shannon, P. (1982) Concepts relating to the nitrogen economy of Northland intensive beef farm. Nitrogen Balances in New Zealand Ecosystems, pp. 8589. DSIR, New Zealand.
37. Tilman, D. (1994) Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats. Ecology, 75, 2-16.
38. Turkington, R. & Harper, J.L. (1979) The growth distribution and neighbour relationships of Trifolium repens in a permanent pasture. 1. Ordination, pattern and contact. Journal of Ecology, 67, 201-281.
39. Wiens, J.A. (1989) Spatial scaling in ecology. Functional Ecology, 3, 385-397.
40. Wolton, K.M. (1979) Dung and urine as agents of sward change: a review. Occasional Symposium of the British Grassland Society, Hurley, Berkshire, pp. 131-135.