An altitudinal comparison of growth and species composition in hurricane-damaged forests in Puerto Rico

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 84, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 877-889

  Walker, Lawrence R ^a   Zimmerman, Jess K ^b   Lodge, D Jean ^c   Guzmán Grajales, Sandra ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^c USDA Forest Service   (Puerto Rico)

^d LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cecropia; disturbance; elfin forest; litter; tropical forests

Indexed keywords

DEBRIS; FERTILIZER; HURRICANE HUGO; MONTANE ELFIN FOREST; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SUBTROPICAL WET FOREST;

PUERTO RICO;

CECROPIA SCHREBERIANA; CECROPIACEAE;

EID: 0030303541     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2960559     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Anderson, J.M & Swift, M.J. (1983) Decomposition in tropical forests. Tropical Rain Forest Ecology and Management (eds S. L. Sutton, T. C. Whitmore & A. C. Chadwick), pp. 287-309. Blackwell Science. Oxford.
2. Bellingham, P.J., Tanner, E.V.J. & Healey, J.R. (1994) Sprouting of trees in Jamaican montane forests after a hurricane. Journal of Ecology, 82, 747-758.
3. Bellingham, P.J., Tanner, E.V.J. & Healey, J.R. (1995) Damage and responsiveness of Jamaican montane tree species after disturbance by a hurricane. Ecology, 76, 2562-2580.
4. Brokaw, N.V.L. & Grear, J.S. (1991) Forest structure before and after Hurricane Hugo at three elevations in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. Biotropica. 23, 386-392.
5. Brokaw, N.V L. & Walker, L.R. (1991) Summary of the effects of Caribbean hurricanes on vegetation. Biotropica, 23. 442-447.
6. Brown, S., Lugo, A.E , Silander, S. & Liegel, L. (1983) Research history and opportunities in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. General Technical Report No. SO-44, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Southern Experiment Station, New Orleans.
7. Byer, M.D & Weaver, P.L. (1977) Early secondary succession in an elfin woodland in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico Biotropica, 9, 35-47.
8. Chapin, F.S. III (1980) Mineral nutrition of wild plants. Annual Renew of Ecology & Systematics, 11, 233-260.
9. Chapin, F.S. III, Vitousek, P.M. & Van Cleve, K. (1986) The nature of nutrient limitation in plant communities. American Naturalist, 127. 48-58.
10. Crow, T.R. (1980) A rainforest chronicle: a 30 year record of change in structure and composition at El Verde. Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 12, 42-55.
11. Denslow, J.S. (1987) Tropical rain forest gaps and tree species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 431-451.
12. Everham, W. (1993) Influences of environmental factors on tree seed germination. Luquillo Experimental forest Long Term Ecological Research, Annual Report (eds W. L. Silver & R. Waide), pp. 32-33. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
13. Ewel, J J. & Whitmore, J.L. (1973) The ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. U S. Forest Service Research Paper ITF-18. Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
14. Facelli, J.M. & Pickett, S.T.A. (1991) Plant litter: its dynamics and effects on plant community structure. Botanical Review, 57, 1-32.
15. Fernández, D.S. & Fetcher, N (1991) Changes in light availability following Hurricane Hugo in a subtropical montane forest in Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 23, 393-399.
16. García-Montiel, D.C. & Scatena, F.N. (1994) The effect of human activity on the structure and composition of a tropical forest in Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management, 63, 57-78.
17. Garwood, N., Janos, D.P. & Brokaw. N. (1979) Earthquake-caused landslides: a major disturbance to tropical forests. Science, 205, 997-999.
18. Gerrish, G., Mueller-Dombois, D. & Bridges, K.W. (1988) Nutrient limitation and Metrosideros forest dieback in Hawaii. Ecology, 69, 723-727.
19. Giller, P.S. (1984) Community Structure and the Niche. Chapman & Hall, London.
20. Grace, J.B. (1993) The effects of habitat productivity on competition intensity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 229-230.
21. Grace, J.B. & Tilman, D. (eds) (1990) Perspectives on Plant Competition. Academic Press, New York.
22. Grime, J.P. (1979) Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. John Wiley & Sons, New York
23. Grubb, P.J (1977) The maintenance of species richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Reviews, 52, 107-145.
24. Grubb, P.J. (1985) Plant populations and vegetation in response to habitat disturbance and competition: problems of generalization. The Population Structure of Vegetation (ed. J. White), pp. 595-621. Dr W. Junk, The Hague.
25. Guzmán-Grajales, S.M. (1992) The effect of litter, nutrients, and light on seedling populations in the Luquillo Experimental Forest after Hurricane Hugo. MSc thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras.
26. Guzmán-Grajales, S.M. & Walker, L.R. (1991) Differential seedling responses to litter after Hurricane Hugo in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 23, 407-413.
27. Hamilton, L.S., Juvik, J.O. & Scatena, F.N. (eds) (1993) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. East-West Center, Honolulu.
28. Holthuijzen, A.M.A. & Boerboom, J.H.A. (1982) The Cecropia seedbank in the Surinam lowland rain forest. Biotropica, 14, 62-68
29. Howard, R.A. (1968) The ecology of an elfin forest in Puerto Rico. 1. Introduction and composition studies. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 50, 225-267.
30. Howard, R.A. (1970) The summit forest of Pico del Oeste, Puerto Rico. A Tropical Rain Forest (eds H. T. Odum & R. F. Pigeon), pp. 325-328. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
31. Keddy, P.A. (1989) Competition. Chapman and Hall, London.
32. Lanly, J.P. (1995) The status of tropical forests. Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology (eds A. E. Lugo & C. Lowe), pp. 18-32, Springer-Verlag, New York.
33. Lawton, R.O. (1982) Wind stress and elfin stature in a montane rain forest tree, an adaptive explanation. American Journal of Botany, 69, 1224-1230.
34. Lawton, R.O. & Putz, F.E. (1988) Natural disturbance and gap- phase regeneration in a wind-exposed tropical cloud forest. Ecology, 69, 764-777.
35. Liogier, H.A. & Martorell, L.F. (1982) Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
36. Lodge, D.J. (1993) Soil microbial biomass following Hurricane Hugo. LTER Annual Report (eds W. L. Silver & R. B. Waide), pp. 21-22 LTER
37. Lodge, D.J., Scatena, F.N., Asbury, C.E. & Sánchez, M.J. (1991) Fine litterfall and related nutrient inputs resulting from Hurricane Hugo in subtropical wet and lower montane rain forests of Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 23, 336-342.
38. Lodge, D.J , McDowell, W.H. & McSwiney, C.P. (1994) The importance of nutrient pulses in tropical forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 384-387.
39. Medina, E., Cuevas, E. & Weaver, P.L. (1981) Composición foliar y transpiración de especies leñosas de Pico del Este, Sierra de Luquillo, Puerto Rico Acta Cientifica Venezolana,32, 159-165.
40. Murphy, P.G. (1970) Tree growth at El Verde and the effects of ionizing radiation. A Tropical Rain Forest (eds H. T. Odum & R. F. Pigeon), pp. 141-171. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
41. Nadkarni, N.M. (1984) Epiphyte biomass and nutrient capital of a Neotropical elfin forest. Biotropica, 16, 249-256.
42. Nevling, L.I. (1971) The ecology of an elfin forest in Puerto Rico 16. The flowering cycle and an interpretation of its seasonably. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 52, 586-613.
43. Odum, H.T. (1970) The El Verde study area and the rain forest systems of Puerto Rico. A Tropical Rain Forest (eds H. T. Odum & R. F. Pigeon). NTIS, Springfield, VA.
44. Parrotta, J.A. & Lodge, D.J. (1991) Fine root dynamics in a subtropical wet forest following hurricane disturbance in Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 23, 343-347.
45. Pickett, S.T.A. & White, P.S. (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
46. Proctor, J., Anderson, J.M. & Vallack, H.W. (1983) Comparative studies on forests, soils and litterfall at four altitudes on Gunung Mulu, Sarawak. The Malaysian Forester, 46, 60-76
47. Salivia, L.A. (1972) Historia de los temporales de Puerto Rico y las Antillas, 1492-1970. Editorial Edil, Inc. University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
48. Sanford, R.L., Parton, W.J., Ojima, D.S. & Lodge, D.J. (1991) Hurricane effects on soil organic matter dynamics and forest production in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico: results of simulation modeling. Biotropica, 23, 364-372.
49. Sanford, R.L. Jr , Saldarriaga, J., Clark, K.E , Uhl, C. & Herrera, R. (1985) Amazon rain forest fires Science, 227, 53-55.
50. SAS Institute, Inc (1987) SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers, Version 6 edn. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC
51. Silander, S.R. (1979) A study of the ecological life history of Cecropia peltata L , an early secondary successional species in the rain forest of Puerto Rico. MSc thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
52. Smith, R.F. (1970) The vegetation structure of a Puerto Rican rain forest before and after short-term gamma irradiation. A Tropical Rain Forest (eds H. T. Odum & R. F. Pigeon), pp. 103-140. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
53. Soil Survey Staff. (1995) Order 1 Soil Survey of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Grid, Puerto Rico. US Department of of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
54. Tanner, E.V J. (1980) Studies on the biomass and productivity in a series of montane rain forests in Jamaica. Journal of Ecology, 68, 573-588.
55. Tanner, E.V.J. (1985) Jamaican montane forests: nutrient capital and cost of growth. Journal of Ecology, 73, 553-568.
56. Tanner, E.V.J., Kapos, V , Freskos, S., Healey, J.R. & Theobald, A.M. (1990) Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of Jamaican montane forest trees. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6, 231-238.
57. Tanner, E.V.J., Kapos, V. & Franco, W. (1992) Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization effects on Venezuelan montane forest trunk growth and litterfall. Ecology, 73, 78-86.
58. Taylor, CM., Silander, S., Waide, R.B. & Pfeiffer, W.J. (1995) Recovery of a tropical forest after gamma irradiation: A 23-year chronicle. Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology (eds A.E. Lugo & C. Lowe), pp. 258-285. Springer-Verlag, New York.
59. Tilman, D. (1988) Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
60. Veneklaas, E.J. (1991) Litterfall and nutrient fluxes in two montane tropical rain forests, Colombia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 7, 319-336.
61. Vitousek, P.M. & Sanford, R.L. Jr (1986) Nutrient cycling in moist tropical forest. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 17, 137-167.
62. Vitousek, P.M., Walker, L.R., Whiteaker, L.D. & Matson, P.A. (1993) Nutrient limitations to plant growth during primary succession in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Biogeochemistry, 23, 197-215.
63. Vitousek, P.M., Gerrish, G., Turner, D.R., Walker, L.R. & Mueller-Dombois, D. (1995) Litterfall and nutrient cycling in four Hawaiian montane rain forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 11, 189-203.
64. Vogt, K.A., Grier, C.C. & Vogt, D.J. (1986) Production, turnover, and nutrient dynamics of above- and below-ground detritus of world forests. Advances in Ecological Research, 15, 303-377.
65. Wadsworth, F.H. (1951) Forest management in the Luquillo Mountains. I. The setting. Caribbean Forester, 12, 93-114.
66. Waide, R.B. & Lugo, A.E. (1992) A research perspective on disturbance and recovery of a tropical montane forest. Tropical Forests in Transition (ed. J.G. Goldammer), pp. 173-190. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.
67. Walker, L.R. (1988) Rust prevention on dendrometer bands. Biotropica, 20, 336-337
68. Walker, L.R. (1991) Tree damage and recovery from Hurricane Hugo in Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 23, 379-385.
69. Walker, L.R. (1995) Timing of post-hurricane tree mortality in Puerto Rico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 11, 315-320.
70. Weaver, P.L. (1983) Tree growth and stand changes in the subtropical life zones of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research Paper SO-190. Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans.
71. Weaver, P.L. (1989) Forest changes after hurricanes in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. Interciencia, 14, 181-192.
72. Weaver, P.L. (1990) Succession in the elfin woodland of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 22, 83-89.
73. Weaver, P.L. (1995) The colorado and dwarf forests of Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. Tropical forests: Management and Ecology (eds A. E. Lugo & C. Lowe), pp. 109-141, Springer-Verlag, New York.
74. Weaver, P.L., Medina, E., Pool, D., Dugger, K., Gonzales-Liboy, J. & Cuevas, E. (1986) Ecological observations in the dwarf cloud forest of the Luquillo Mountains in Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 18, 79-85.
75. Whigham, D.F., Olmsted, I , Cabrera Cano, E. & Harmon, M.E. (1991) The impact of Hurricane Gilbert on trees, litterfall, and woody debris in a dry tropical forest in the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula. Biotropica, 23, 434-441.
76. Yih, K., Boucher, D H., Vandermeer, J.H. & Zamora, N. (1991) Recovery of the rain forest of Southeastern Nicaragua after destruction by Hurricane Joan. Biotropica, 23, 106-113.
77. Zimmerman, J.K., Everham, E.M. III, Waide, R.B., Lodge, D.J., Taylor, C.M. & Brokaw, N.V.L. (1994) Responses of tree species to hurricane winds in subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: implications for tropical tree life histories. Journal of Ecology, 82, 911-922.
78. Zimmerman, J.K., Pulliam, W.M., Lodge, D.J., Quiñones-Orfila, V., Fetcher, N., Guzmán-Grajales, S., Parrotta, J.A., Asbury, C.E., Walker, L.R. & Waide, R.B. (1995a) Nitrogen immobilization by decomposing woody debris and the recovery of tropical wet forest from hurricane damage. Oikos, 72, 314-322.
79. Zimmerman, J.K., Aide, T.M., Rosario, M., Serrano, M. & Herrera, L. (1995b) Effects of land management and a recent hurricane on forest structure and composition in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management, 77, 65 76.
80. Zou, X., Zucca, C.P., Waide, R.B. & McDowell, W H. (1995) Long- term influence of deforestation on tree species composition and litter dynamics of a tropical rain forest in Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management, 78, 147 157.