Environmental science in a legal context: The Exxon Valdez experience

AMBIO

Volumn 25, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 430-434

  Shaw, David G ^a   Bader, Harry R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION; EXXON VALDEZ; OIL SPILL;

USA;

EID: 0030303183     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Shaw, D.G. 1992. The Exxon Valdez oil spill: ecological and social consequences. Environ. Conserv 19, 253-258.
2. Lindstedt-Siva, J. 1991 U. S oil spill policy hampers response and hurts science. In: Proceedings of the 1991 International Oil Spilt Conference. Am Inst. Petroleum Publ. No. 4529. Washington. DC, pp 349-352.
3. Meidt, R M 1991. Public perceptions in spill response In. Proceedings of the 1991 International Oil Spill Conference. Am. Inst. Petroleum Publ. No. 4529. Washington, DC, pp. 650-651.
4. Busch, L. 1991 Science under wraps in Prince William Sound. Science 252, 772-773.
5. Throughout this paper the term "damages" is used to refer to monetary compensation. Physical or biological harm to natural resources is referred to as "injury".
6. See 33 USC 2791 (20) and 42 USC 9601 (16).
7. Chase, A R. 1992 Remedying CERCLA's natural resource damage provision: Incorporating the public trust doctrine Virginia Env. L J. 11, 353, 354.
8. Bader, H.R. 1992 Antacus and the public trust doctrine: A new approach to substantive environmental law. B.C. Env. Affairs Law Rev. 19, 749, 750.
9. 350 F.Supp. 1060 (1972).
10. 357 F.Supp. 1097 (1973).
11. 495 F Supp. 38 (1980).
12. 33 USC 1321 (f)(4) (1988).
13. 43 USC 9601-9675 (1991).
14. 33 USC 2706 (e) (1990).
15. Cecil, G.R. and Foster, N. 1993 Natural resource injury at oil spills Baylor L. Rev. 45, 422.
16. The Exxon Valdez spill damage assessments were conducted under the CWA/CERCLA provisions prior to passage of OPA
17. 33 USC 2702 (b)(2) (1992)
18. Cross, F.B. 1993. Restoring restoration for natural resource damage assessments. Univ. of Toledo Law Rev. 24, 319.
19. Fox, T. 1993. Natural resource damages: The new frontier of environmental litigation. South Texas L.R. 34 521, 553.
20. See Ohio v Department of Interior 880 F.2d 432 (1989).
21. Cross at 322 (18).
22. Plater, Z., Abrams, R and Goldfarb. W. 1992 Environmental Law. Nature, Law and Society. West Publishing, p 257
23. 33 USC 2702 (b)(2) (1990)
24. Chase at 356 (7).
25. Wickham, G. 1993. Restoration: The coal of OPA natural resource damage actions. Baylor L Rev 45, 406-407.
26. Campbell, T.A. 1993. Natural resource damage assessment. A glance backward and a look forward Baylor L Rev. 45, 221, 228.
27. Cross, F.B. 1989. Natural resource damage valuation. Vand. L. Rev 42, 269, 290-320.
28. Campbell at 229 (26).
29. Woodward, D. and Hope, M R. 1990. Natural resource damage litigation under CERCLA. Harvard Env. L. Rev 14, 189, 201-202.
30. Note: "Ask a silly question .Contingent valuation of natural resource damages." 105 Harvard L. Rev. 1981 (1992).
31. 126 Congressional Record at 30941 and 30970-30971 (1980); S. Rep No 848 96th Cong. 2nd Sess 87 (1980) at 84-87
32. Grassle, J F., Lasserre, P., McIntyre, A.D and Ray. G.C. 1991. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem function. Biol. Int. Spec. Iss No. 23, pp 19.
33. Koster, J.A. and Kentula, ME (eds). 1990. Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of the Science Island Press.
34. National Research Council 1971 The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964. Biology National Academy of Sciences, Washington, 287 pp.
35. D.G. Shaw and Hameedi, MJ (eds) Environmental Studies in Port Valdez, Alaska, Springer, New York, 423 pp.
36. Wolfe, D.A. and Kjerfve, B. 1986 Estuarine variability: an overview. In: Estuarine Variability. Wolfe, D A. (ed.) Academic Press. New York. pp. 3-17.
37. Spies, R. B. 1993. So why can't science tell us more about the effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill? In: Exxon Valdez. Oil Spill Symposium Abstract Book, The Oil Spill Public Information Center, Anchorage Alaska, pp. 1-5.
38. McRoy, C. P 1988. Natural and anthropogenic changes at the ecosystem level. In: Environmental Studies in Port Valdez, Alaska. Shaw, D. G. and Hameedi, M. J. (eds). Springer, New York, pp 329-44.
39. Feder, H.M. and Bryson-Schwafel, B. 1988. The intertidal zone. In Environmental Studies in Port Valdez, Alaska. Shaw, D G and Hameedi, M J. (eds). Springer, New York, pp 117-164
40. Feder, H M and Jewett, S.C 1988. The sublidal benthos. In: Environmental Studies in Port Valdez, Alaska. Shaw, D.G. and Hameedi, M.J. (eds). Springer, New York, pp. 165-202.
41. Kenyon, K.W. 1975 The Seaotter in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Dover, New York, 352 pp.
42. Duggins, D.O., Simenstad, E.O and Estes, J.A. 1989. Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems. Science 245, 170-173.
43. Campbell at 230 (26).
44. Cecil and Foster at 425 (15).
45. First submitted 31 May 1995. Accepted for publication after revision H January 1996.