Marginality: Scale determined processes and the conservation of the British butterfly fauna

Biodiversity and Conservation

Volumn 5, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 1131-1141

  Shreeve, T G ^a   Dennis, R L H ^b   Pullin, A S ^b  

^a OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

butterflies; distribution; land use; marginality; range; spatial scaling

Indexed keywords

BUTTERFLY FAUNA; CONSERVATION; MARGINALITY; SPATIAL SCALE; TEMPORAL SCALE;

UK;

LEPIDOPTERA; PAPILIONOIDEA;

EID: 0030303094     PISSN: 09603115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00051568     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Barr, C. (1994) Countryside survey 1990 - an overview. Ecos 15, 9-18.
2. Bennett, K.D. (1990) Milankovitch cycles and their effects on species in ecological and evolutionary time. Paleobiology 16, 11-21.
3. Brown, J.H. (1984) Relationship between abundance and distribution of species. Am. Nat. 124, 255-79.
4. Brown, J.H. (1988) Species diversity. In Analytical Biogeography (A.A. Myers and P.S. Giller, eds) pp. 57-89. London: Chapman & Hall.
5. Christiansen, F.B. and Frydenberg (1974) Geographical patterns of four polymorphisms in Zaoarces viviparus as evidence of selection. Genetics 77, 765-70.
6. Dennis, R.L.H. (1977) The British Butterflies: their Origin and Establishment. Faringdon: E.W. Classey.
7. Dennis, R.L.H. (ed.) (1992) The Ecology of Butterflies in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8. Dennis, R.L.H. (1993) Butterflies and Climate Change. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
9. Dennis, R.L.H. and Shreeve, T.G. (1989) Butterfly wing morphology variation in the British Isles: the influence of climate, behavioural posture and the hostplant habitat. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 38, 323-48.
10. Dennis, R.L.H., Shreeve, T.G. and Williams, W.R. (1995a) Taxonomic differentiation in species richness gradients among European butterflies (Papilionidae, Hesperioidea): contribution of macroevolutionary dynamics. Ecography 18, 27-40.
11. Dennis, R.L.H., Shreeve, T.G. and Williams, W.R. (1995b) Affinity gradients among European butterflies: evidence for an historical component to species distributions. Entomol. Gaz. 46, 141-53.
12. Dennis, R.L.H. and Williams, W.R. (1986) Butterfly 'diversity': regressing and a little latitude. Antenna 10, 108-11.
13. Dennis, R.L.H. and Williams, W.R. (1994) Implications of biogeographical structure for the conservation of European butterflies. In Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies (A.S. Pullin, ed.) pp. 213-29. London: Chapman & Hall.
14. Dennis, R.L.H., Williams, W.R. and Shreeve, T.G. (1991) A multivariate approach to the determination of faunal structures among European butterfly species (Lep. Rhopalocera). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 101, 1-49.
15. Elmes, G.W. and Thomas, J.A. (1992) Complexity of species conservation in managed habitats: interaction between Maculinea butterflies and their ant hosts. Biodiver. Conserv. 1, 155-69.
16. Gaston, K.J. (1994) Rarity. London: Chapman & Hall.
17. Gaston, K.J. and Lawton, J. (1988) Patterns in the abundance of insect populations. Nature 331, 709-12.
18. Gilpin, M. and Hanski, I. (eds) (1991) Metapopulation Dynamics: Empirical and Theoretical Investigations. London: Academic Press.
19. Hanski, I. (1994) Patch-occupancy dynamics in fragmented landscapes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9, 131-35.
20. Hanski, I. and Gilpin, M. (1991) Metapopulation dynamics: brief history and conceptual domain. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 42, 3-16.
21. Hanski, I and Thomas, C.D. (1994) Metapopulation dynamics and conservation. A spatially explicit model applied to butterflies. Biol. Conserv. 68, 167-80.
22. 2 units. Entomol. Gaz. 45, 159-64.
23. Harrison, S. (1993) Metapopulations and conservation. In Large Scale Ecology and Conservation (P.J. Edwards, R.M. May and N.R. Webb, eds) pp. 111-52. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
24. Hastings, A. and Higgins, K. (1994) Persistence of transients in spatially structured ecological models. Science 263, 1133-6.
25. Hengeveld, R. (1989) Dynamics of Biological Invasions. London: Chapman & Hall.
26. Kareiva, P. and Wennergren, U. (1995) Connecting landscape patterns to ecosystem and population processes. Nature 373, 299-302.
27. Kostrowicki, A.S. (1969) Geography of the Palaearctic Lepidoptera. Krakow: Pantswowe Wydawnictowe Naukowe.
28. Lawton, J.H. (1993) Range, population abundance and conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8, 409-13.
29. Lawton, J.H., Nee, S., Letcher, A.J. and Harvey, P.H. (1993) Animal distributions: patterns and processes. In Large Scale Ecology and Conservation (P.J. Edwards, R.M. May and N.R. Webb, eds) pp 41-5. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
30. Leverton, R. (1994) The large white, Pieris brassicae L. (Lep., Pieridae) apparently univoltine in Bannffshire. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 106, 190-1.
31. Lewontin, R.C. (1974) The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change. New York: Columbia University Press.
32. Nee, S. and May, R. (1992) Dynamics of metapopulations: habitat destruction and competitive coexistence. J. Anim. Ecol. 61, 37-40.
33. Nylin, S. (1988) Hostplant specialization and seasonality in a polyphagous butterfly, Polygonia c-album (Nymphalidae). Oikos 53, 381-6.
34. Oates, M. and Warren, M.S. (1990) A Review of Butterfly Introductions in Britain and Ireland. Research and survey in conservation series. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council.
35. Pollard, E. (1991) Changes in the flight period of the hedge brown butterfly Pyronia tithonus during range expansion. J. Anim. Ecol. 60, 737-48.
36. Pollard, E. Hall, M.L. and Bibby, T.J. (1986) Monitoring the Abundance of Butterflies, 1976-1985. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council.
37. Pollard, E. and Yates, T.J. (1993) Monitoring Butterflies for Ecology and Conservation. London: Chapman & Hall.
38. Pullin, A.S. (1986) Life History Strategies of the Butterflies Inachis io and Aglais urticae. Feeding on Nettle, Urtica dioica. Ph.D. Thesis (CNAA), Oxford Polytechnic.
39. Rabonovitz, D. (1981) Several forms of rarity. In Plant Conservation (H. Synge, ed.) pp. 205-17. New York: John Wiley.
40. Rapaport, E.H. (1982) Aerography: Geographical Strategies of Species. New York: Pergamon.
41. Shreeve, T.G. (1992) Monitoring butterfly movements. In The Ecology of Butterflies in Britain (R.L.H. Dennis, ed.) pp. 120-38. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
42. Shreeve, T.G. (1994) Butterfly mobility. In Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies (A.S. Pullin, ed.) pp. 37-45. London: Chapman & Hall.
43. Shreeve, T.G. and Dennis, R.L.H. (1995) Uniformity of wing spotting of Maniola jurtina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae) in relation to environmental heterogeneity. Nota Lep. in press.
44. Stevens, G.C. 1989. The latitudinal gradient in geographic range: how so many species coexist in the tropics. Am. Nat. 133, 240-56.
45. Thomas, C.D. (1994) Ecology and conservation of butterfly metapopulations in the fragmented British landscape. In Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies (A.S. Pullin, ed.) pp. 46-64. London: Chapman & Hall.
46. Thomas, C.D. and Harrison, S. (1992) Spatial dynamics of a patchily distributed butterfly species. J. Anim. Ecol. 61, 437-46.
47. Thomas, C.D., Jones, T.M. (1993) Partial recovery of a skipper butterfly (Hesperia comma) from population refuges: lessons for conservation in a fragmented landscape. J. Anim. Ecol. 62, 477-81.
48. Thomas, C.D., Thomas, J. A. and Warren, M.S. (1992) Distributions of occupied and vacant butterfly habitats in fragmented landscapes. Oecologia 92, 563-7.
49. Thomas, J.A. (1984) The conservation of butterflies in temperate countries: past efforts and lessons for the future. In The Biology of Butterflies (R.I. Vane-Wright and P.R. Ackery, eds) pp. 327-32. Symp. R. Entomol. Soc. London, no. 11. London: Academic Press.
50. Thomas, J.A. (1993) Holocene climate changes and warm man-made refugia may explain why a sixth of British butterflies possess unnatural early successional habitats. Ecography 16, 278-84.
51. Thomas, J.A., Moss, D. and Pollard, E. (1994) Increased fluctuations of butterfly populations towards the northern edges of species' ranges. Ecography 17, 215-20.
52. Thomson, G. (1970) The distribution and nature of Pieris napi thomsoni Warren (Lep., Pieridae). Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 82, 255-61.
53. Thomson, G. (1980) Butterflies of Scotland: a Natural History. London: Croom Helm.
54. Turner, J.R.G. (1986) Why are there so few butterflies in Liverpool? Homage to Alfred Russell Wallace. Antenna 10, 18-24.
55. Turner, J.R.G., Gatehouse, C.M. and Corey, C.A. (1987) Does solar energy control organic diversity? Butterflies, moths and the British climate. Oikos 48, 195-205.
56. Warren, M.S. (1992) The conservation of British butterflies. In The Ecology of Butterflies in Britain (R.L.H. Dennis, ed.) pp. 120-38. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57. Warren, M.S. (1993) A review of butterfly conservation in central southern Britain I. Protection, evaluation and extinction in prime sites. Biol. Conserv. 64, 25-35.
58. Wiens, J.A. (1989) Spatial scaling in ecology. Funct. Ecol. 3, 385-97.