메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 84, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 635-645

Gap size, within-gap position and canopy structure effects on conifer seedling establishment

Author keywords

Disturbance; Natural regeneration; Old growth forest; Succession

Indexed keywords

AMABILIS FIR; CANOPY STRUCTURE; DOUGLAS FIR; GAP SIZE; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; REGENERATION NICHE; SEED RAIN; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; WESTERN HEMLOCK;

EID: 0030302259     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2261327     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (234)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0023468569 scopus 로고
    • Fuel Succession in a western hemlock/Douglas-fir forest
    • Agee, J.K. & Huff, M.H. (1987) Fuel Succession in a western hemlock/Douglas-fir forest Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 17, 697-704.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.17 , pp. 697-704
    • Agee, J.K.1    Huff, M.H.2
  • 2
    • 0025953208 scopus 로고
    • Response of western hemlock (Tsuya heterophylla) and early huckleberry (Vaccinium avalifolium) seedlings to forest windthrow
    • Alaback, P.B. & Tappeiner, J.C II (1991) Response of western hemlock (Tsuya heterophylla) and early huckleberry (Vaccinium avalifolium) seedlings to forest windthrow. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21, 534-539.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.21 , pp. 534-539
    • Alaback, P.B.1    Tappeiner II, J.C.2
  • 3
    • 0024257246 scopus 로고
    • Internal heterogeneity of gaps and species richness in Costa Rican tropical wet forest
    • Brandani, A., Hartshorn, G.S. & Orians, G.H. (1988) Internal heterogeneity of gaps and species richness in Costa Rican tropical wet forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology. 4, 99-119.
    • (1988) Journal of Tropical Ecology. , vol.4 , pp. 99-119
    • Brandani, A.1    Hartshorn, G.S.2    Orians, G.H.3
  • 4
    • 0022219657 scopus 로고
    • Gap-phase regeneration in a tropical forest
    • Brokaw, N.V.L. (1985) Gap-phase regeneration in a tropical forest. Ecology. 66, 682-687.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 682-687
    • Brokaw, N.V.L.1
  • 6
    • 0022174370 scopus 로고
    • Gap-phase and release during canopy recruitment in Acer saccharum
    • Canham, C. (1985) Gap-phase and release during canopy recruitment in Acer saccharum. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 112, 134-145.
    • (1985) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.112 , pp. 134-145
    • Canham, C.1
  • 7
    • 0028180423 scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: Interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees
    • Canham, C.D.. Finzi, A.C., Pacala, S.W. & Burbank, D.H. (1994) Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 337-349.
    • (1994) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.24 , pp. 337-349
    • Canham, C.D.1    Finzi, A.C.2    Pacala, S.W.3    Burbank, D.H.4
  • 8
    • 77952064976 scopus 로고
    • Sunflecks and their importance to forest understory plants
    • Chazdon, R.L. (1988) Sunflecks and their importance to forest understory plants. Advances in Ecological Research. 18, 1-63
    • (1988) Advances in Ecological Research , vol.18 , pp. 1-63
    • Chazdon, R.L.1
  • 9
    • 0002488214 scopus 로고
    • Gap partitioning among tropical rainforest trees
    • Denslow, J.S. (1980) Gap partitioning among tropical rainforest trees. Biotropica Supplement, 12, 47-55.
    • (1980) Biotropica Supplement , vol.12 , pp. 47-55
    • Denslow, J.S.1
  • 10
    • 0023467656 scopus 로고
    • Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity
    • Denslow, J.S. (1987) Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 431-451.
    • (1987) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.18 , pp. 431-451
    • Denslow, J.S.1
  • 11
    • 0025262514 scopus 로고
    • Growth responses of tropical shrubs to treefall gap environments
    • Denslow, J.S , Schultz, J.C., Vitousek, P M. & Strain, B.R. (1990) Growth responses of tropical shrubs to treefall gap environments. Ecology, 71, 165-179.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 165-179
    • Denslow, J.S.1    Schultz, J.C.2    Vitousek, P.M.3    Strain, B.R.4
  • 12
    • 0002316343 scopus 로고
    • Early stages of plant succession following logging and burning in the western Cascades of Oregon
    • Dyrness, C.T. (1973) Early stages of plant succession following logging and burning in the western Cascades of Oregon. Ecology, 54, 57-69
    • (1973) Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 57-69
    • Dyrness, C.T.1
  • 13
    • 0002079013 scopus 로고
    • Understory response to canopy gaps of varying size in a mature oak forest
    • Ehrenfeld, J.G (1980) Understory response to canopy gaps of varying size in a mature oak forest. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 107, 29-41.
    • (1980) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.107 , pp. 29-41
    • Ehrenfeld, J.G.1
  • 15
    • 0024258203 scopus 로고
    • Thirty-six years of tree population change in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest
    • Franklin, J.F. & DeBell, D.S. (1988) Thirty-six years of tree population change in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 18, 633-39.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.18 , pp. 633-639
    • Franklin, J.F.1    DeBell, D.S.2
  • 17
    • 0002415467 scopus 로고
    • Distinctive features of the northwestern coniferous forest: Development, structure, and function
    • ed. R. H. Waring, Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.
    • Franklin, J.F. & Waring, R.H. (1980) Distinctive features of the northwestern coniferous forest: development, structure, and function. Forests: Fresh Perspectives from Ecosystem Analysis (ed. R. H. Waring), pp 59-86. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.
    • (1980) Forests: Fresh Perspectives from Ecosystem Analysis , pp. 59-86
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Waring, R.H.2
  • 18
    • 0001676635 scopus 로고
    • Conifer seed survival in a western Oregon clearcut
    • Gashwiler, J S. (1967) Conifer seed survival in a western Oregon clearcut. Ecology, 48, 431-438.
    • (1967) Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 431-438
    • Gashwiler, J.S.1
  • 20
    • 0000052880 scopus 로고
    • The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities, the importance of the regeneration niche
    • Grubb, P.J. (1977) The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities, the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Review. 52, 107-145.
    • (1977) Biological Review , vol.52 , pp. 107-145
    • Grubb, P.J.1
  • 22
    • 84986760735 scopus 로고
    • Physiognomic development of Pscudiosuya forests in relation to initial structure and disturbance intensity
    • Halpern, C.B & Franklin, J.F. (1990) Physiognomic development of Pscudiosuya forests in relation to initial structure and disturbance intensity. Journal of Vegetation Science. 1, 472-482.
    • (1990) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.1 , pp. 472-482
    • Halpern, C.B.1    Franklin, J.F.2
  • 23
    • 0023582482 scopus 로고
    • The influence of litter and humus accumulations and canopy openness on Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr & Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg, seedlings growing on logs
    • Harmon, M.E. (1987) The influence of litter and humus accumulations and canopy openness on Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr & Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg, seedlings growing on logs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17, 1475-1479.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.17 , pp. 1475-1479
    • Harmon, M.E.1
  • 24
    • 0024936196 scopus 로고
    • Tree seedlings on logs in Picea-Tsuga forests of Oregon and Washington
    • Harmon, M.E. & Franklin, J.F. (1989) Tree seedlings on logs in Picea-Tsuga forests of Oregon and Washington. Ecology. 70, 48-59.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 48-59
    • Harmon, M.E.1    Franklin, J.F.2
  • 25
    • 0008251997 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of height growth in western true firs
    • eds C. D. Oliver & R. M. Kenady, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle. WA
    • Harrington, C.A. &Murray, M.D. (1982) Patterns of height growth in western true firs. Proceedings of the Biology and Management of True Fir in the Pacific Northwest Symposium (eds C. D. Oliver & R. M. Kenady), pp. 209-214. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle. WA.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the Biology and Management of True Fir in the Pacific Northwest Symposium , pp. 209-214
    • Harrington, C.A.1    Murray, M.D.2
  • 26
    • 0009575164 scopus 로고
    • Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention
    • Helgerson, O.T. (1990) Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention. New Forests, 3, 333-358.
    • (1990) New Forests , vol.3 , pp. 333-358
    • Helgerson, O.T.1
  • 27
    • 3142554858 scopus 로고
    • Growth comparisons of upper-slope conifers in the Cascade Range
    • Herman, F.R. (1967) Growth comparisons of upper-slope conifers in the Cascade Range. Northwest Science, 41, 51-52.
    • (1967) Northwest Science , vol.41 , pp. 51-52
    • Herman, F.R.1
  • 28
    • 0008122009 scopus 로고
    • Natural reproduction from seed stored in the forest floor
    • Hofmann, J V. (1917) Natural reproduction from seed stored in the forest floor. Journal of Agricultural Research, 11, 1-26.
    • (1917) Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.11 , pp. 1-26
    • Hofmann, J.V.1
  • 29
    • 0027333046 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a native forest pathogen, Phellinus weirit, on Douglas-fir forest composition in western Oregon
    • Holah, J.C., Wilson, M.V. & Hansen, E.M. (1993) Effects of a native forest pathogen, Phellinus weirit, on Douglas-fir forest composition in western Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 2473-2480.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.23 , pp. 2473-2480
    • Holah, J.C.1    Wilson, M.V.2    Hansen, E.M.3
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0026499416 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of gap-phase replacement in a subalpine, old-growth forest
    • Lertzman, K.P. (1992) Patterns of gap-phase replacement in a subalpine, old-growth forest. Ecology, 73, 657-669.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 657-669
    • Lertzman, K.P.1
  • 34
    • 0000836182 scopus 로고
    • Stomatal characteristics and transpiration of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high elevation south-facing clearcut
    • Livingston, N.J & Black, T.A. (1987) Stomatal characteristics and transpiration of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high elevation south-facing clearcut. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 17, 1273-1282.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.17 , pp. 1273-1282
    • Livingston, N.J.1    Black, T.A.2
  • 36
    • 0001256390 scopus 로고
    • Relative effects of small and large disturbances on temperate hardwood forest structure
    • Lorimer, C.G. (1989) Relative effects of small and large disturbances on temperate hardwood forest structure. Ecology, 70, 565-567.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 565-567
    • Lorimer, C.G.1
  • 37
    • 0002688923 scopus 로고
    • Developmental history in dry coniferous forests in the central western Cascade Range of Oregon
    • ed, J. E. Means, Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
    • Means, J.E. (1982) Developmental history in dry coniferous forests in the central western Cascade Range of Oregon. Forest Succession and Stand Development Research in the Northwest, Proceedings of the Symposium (ed, J. E. Means), pp. 142-158. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
    • (1982) Forest Succession and Stand Development Research in the Northwest, Proceedings of the Symposium , pp. 142-158
    • Means, J.E.1
  • 39
    • 0000141049 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction of Hardwoods: 10 years after cutting as affected by site and opening size
    • Minckler, L.S & Woerhide, J.D. (1965) Reproduction of Hardwoods: 10 years after cutting as affected by site and opening size. Journal of Forestry, 63, 103-107.
    • (1965) Journal of Forestry , vol.63 , pp. 103-107
    • Minckler, L.S.1    Woerhide, J.D.2
  • 43
    • 0000268070 scopus 로고
    • The cycle from Douglas-fir to hemlock
    • Munger, T.T. (1940) The cycle from Douglas-fir to hemlock. Ecology, 21, 451-459.
    • (1940) Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 451-459
    • Munger, T.T.1
  • 44
    • 0024874891 scopus 로고
    • Role of uprooting in composition and dynamics of an old-growth forest in Japan
    • Nakashizuka, T. (1989) Role of uprooting In composition and dynamics of an old-growth forest in Japan. Ecology, 70, 1273-1278.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1273-1278
    • Nakashizuka, T.1
  • 46
    • 0000124204 scopus 로고
    • The influence of tree-falls in tropical forests in tree species richness
    • Orians, G.H. (1982) The influence of tree-falls in tropical forests in tree species richness. Tropical Ecology. 23, 255-279.
    • (1982) Tropical Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 255-279
    • Orians, G.H.1
  • 47
    • 0022205953 scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: An introduction
    • eds S. T. A. Pickett & P. S. White, Academic Press, New York
    • Pickett, S.T.A. & White, P.S. (1985) Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: an introduction. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics (eds S. T. A. Pickett & P. S. White), pp. 3-13. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , pp. 3-13
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    White, P.S.2
  • 48
    • 0000012670 scopus 로고
    • Gap light regimes influence canopy tree diversity
    • Poulson, T.L. & Platt, W.J. (1989) Gap light regimes influence canopy tree diversity. Ecology, 70, 553-555.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 553-555
    • Poulson, T.L.1    Platt, W.J.2
  • 49
    • 0000432060 scopus 로고
    • Environmental heterogeneity and plant species diversity: A hypothesis
    • Ricklefs, R.E. (1977) Environmental heterogeneity and plant species diversity: a hypothesis. American Naturalist, 111, 376-381.
    • (1977) American Naturalist , vol.111 , pp. 376-381
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1
  • 50
    • 0020461658 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America
    • Runkle, J.R. (1982) Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology, 63, 1533-1546.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1533-1546
    • Runkle, J.R.1
  • 51
    • 0025631105 scopus 로고
    • Gap dynamics in an Ohio Acer-Fagus forest and speculations on the geography of disturbance
    • Runkle, J.R. (1990) Gap dynamics in an Ohio Acer-Fagus forest and speculations on the geography of disturbance Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20, 632-641.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.20 , pp. 632-641
    • Runkle, J.R.1
  • 52
    • 0023468464 scopus 로고
    • Treefalls revisited: Gap dynamics in the southern Appalachians
    • Runkle, J.R. & Yetter, T.C. (1987) Treefalls revisited: gap dynamics in the southern Appalachians. Ecology. 68, 417-424.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 417-424
    • Runkle, J.R.1    Yetter, T.C.2
  • 53
    • 3142592956 scopus 로고
    • Harvest cuttings and regeneration in young-growth western hemlock
    • ed. A. B. Berg, School of Forestry. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
    • Ruth, R.H. (1976) Harvest cuttings and regeneration in young-growth western hemlock. Managing Young Forests in the Douglas-fir Region (ed. A. B. Berg), pp. 41-74 School of Forestry. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
    • (1976) Managing Young Forests in the Douglas-fir Region , pp. 41-74
    • Ruth, R.H.1
  • 56
    • 3142630794 scopus 로고
    • Comparative ecological behavior of western hemlock in the Washington Cascades
    • eds W. A. Atkinson & R. J. Zasoski. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
    • Scott, D.R.M., Long, J.N. & Kotar, J (1976) Comparative ecological behavior of western hemlock in the Washington Cascades. Western Hemlock Management (eds W. A. Atkinson & R. J. Zasoski). pp. 26-33. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
    • (1976) Western Hemlock Management , pp. 26-33
    • Scott, D.R.M.1    Long, J.N.2    Kotar, J.3
  • 57
    • 0027803473 scopus 로고
    • ANOVA for unbalanced data: An overview
    • Shaw, R G & Mitchell-Olds, T. (1993) ANOVA for unbalanced data: an overview. Ecology, 74, 1638-1645.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1638-1645
    • Shaw, R.G.1    Mitchell-Olds, T.2
  • 58
    • 0022181546 scopus 로고
    • Biological determinants of species diversity
    • Shmida, A. & Wilson, M.V. (1985) Biological determinants of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 1-20.
    • (1985) Journal of Biogeography , vol.12 , pp. 1-20
    • Shmida, A.1    Wilson, M.V.2
  • 60
    • 0028165135 scopus 로고
    • Gap partitioning among maples (Acer) in central New England: Shoot architecture and photosynthesis
    • Sipe, T.W. & Bazzaz, F.A. (1994) Gap partitioning among maples (Acer) in central New England: shoot architecture and photosynthesis. Ecology, 75, 2318-2332.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 2318-2332
    • Sipe, T.W.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 61
    • 0000012668 scopus 로고
    • Gap characteristics and vegetation response in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
    • Spies, T.A. & Franklin, J.F. (1989) Gap characteristics and vegetation response in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecology, 70, 543-545.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 543-545
    • Spies, T.A.1    Franklin, J.F.2
  • 62
    • 0002099478 scopus 로고
    • The structure of natural young, mature, and old-growth Douglas-fir forests in Oregon and Washington
    • eds L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey & M. H. Huff, USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR
    • Spies, T.A. & Franklin, J.F. (1991) The structure of natural young, mature, and old-growth Douglas-fir forests in Oregon and Washington. Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-fir Forests (eds L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey & M. H. Huff), pp. 91-109. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
    • (1991) Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-fir Forests , pp. 91-109
    • Spies, T.A.1    Franklin, J.F.2
  • 64
    • 0022855954 scopus 로고
    • Forest development in canopy openings in old-growth Pseudotsuga forests of the western Cascade Range, Oregon
    • Stewart, G.H. (1986) Forest development in canopy openings in old-growth Pseudotsuga forests of the western Cascade Range, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 16, 558-568
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.16 , pp. 558-568
    • Stewart, G.H.1
  • 65
    • 2542511394 scopus 로고
    • Site Preparation
    • eds B. D. Cleary, R. D. Greaves & R. K. Hermann, Oregon State University Extension Service, Corvallis, OR
    • Stewart, R.E. (1978) Site Preparation. Regenerating Oregon's Forests (eds B. D. Cleary, R. D. Greaves & R. K. Hermann), pp 99-129. Oregon State University Extension Service, Corvallis, OR.
    • (1978) Regenerating Oregon's Forests , pp. 99-129
    • Stewart, R.E.1
  • 68
    • 0024192268 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics in Amazonian treefall gaps
    • Uhl, C., Clark, K., Dezzeo, N. & Maquirino, P. (1988) Vegetation dynamics in Amazonian treefall gaps. Ecology, 69, 751-763.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 751-763
    • Uhl, C.1    Clark, K.2    Dezzeo, N.3    Maquirino, P.4
  • 70
    • 0020343545 scopus 로고
    • Growth patterns of Chusquea bamboos in the understory of Chilean Nothofagus forests and their influences in forest dynamics
    • Veblen, T.T. (1982) Growth patterns of Chusquea bamboos in the understory of Chilean Nothofagus forests and their influences in forest dynamics. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 109, 474-487.
    • (1982) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.109 , pp. 474-487
    • Veblen, T.T.1
  • 71
    • 0022221887 scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance and gap phase dynamics in southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests
    • White, P.S., MacKenzie, M.D. & Busing, R.T. (1985) Natural disturbance and gap phase dynamics in southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 15, 233-240.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 233-240
    • White, P.S.1    MacKenzie, M.D.2    Busing, R.T.3
  • 72
    • 0026350461 scopus 로고
    • Growth and development of natural seedlings of Abies and Tsuga in old-growth forest
    • Zobel, D.B. & Antos, J.A. (1991) Growth and development of natural seedlings of Abies and Tsuga in old-growth forest. Journal of Ecology, 79, 985-998.
    • (1991) Journal of Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 985-998
    • Zobel, D.B.1    Antos, J.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.