Studies of the feasibility of re-creating chalk grassland vegetation on ex-arable land. II. Germination and early survivorship of seedlings under different management regimes

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 33, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 1182-1190

  Hutchings, Michael J ^a   Booth, Karen D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

analysis of survivorship; chalk grassland; ex arable habitat restoration; logrank test; seedling establishment

Indexed keywords

BURNET SAXIFRAGE; CHALK GRASSLAND; GERMINATION; HOARY PLANTAIN; RESTORATION; SMALL SCABIOUS; YARROW;

ACHILLEA; ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM; APIACEAE; APIALES; ASTERACEAE; DIPSACACEAE; MUSA X PARADISIACA; MYRRHIS ODORATA; PIMPINELLA; PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA; PLANTAGINACEAE; PLANTAGO; PLANTAGO MEDIA; SANGUISORBA; SAXIFRAGA; SCABIOSA COLUMBARIA;

EID: 0030302076     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2404697     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Booth, K.D. (1988) A study of the re-establishment of chalk grassland vegetation following arable cultivation. DPhil thesis, University of Sussex.
2. Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M. (1987) Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3. Dickie, J.B. (1977) Reproduction and regeneration in some common chalk grassland perennials. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
4. Fenner, M. (1978a) A comparison of the abilities of colonizers and closed-turf species to establish from seed in artificial swards Journal of Ecology, 66, 953-963.
5. Fenner, M. (1978b) Susceptibility to shade in seedlings of colonizing and closed turf species. New Phytologist, 81, 739-744.
6. Firbank, L.G., Arnold, H.R., Eversham, B.C., Mountford, J.O., Radford, G.L., Telfer, M.G., Treweek, J.R., Webb, N.R.C. & Wells, T.C.E. (1993) The Potential Uses of Set-Aside Land to Benefit Wildlife. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Cambridgeshire.
7. Gibson, C.W.D. & Brown, V.K. (1991) The nature and rate of development of calcareous grassland in southern Britain. Biological Conservation, 58, 297-316.
8. Gibson, C.W.D. & Brown, V.K. (1992) Grazing and vegetation change - deflected or modified succession? Journal of Applied Ecology, 29, 120-131.
9. Gibson, C.W.D., Watt, T.A. & Brown, V.K. (1987) The use of sheep grazing to recreate species-rich grassland from abandoned arable land. Biological Conservation, 42, 165-183.
10. Graham, D.J. & Hutchings, M.J. (1988a) Estimation of the seed bank of a chalk grassland ley established on former arable land. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 241-252.
11. Graham, D.J. & Hutchings, M.J. (1988b) A field investigation of germination from the seed bank of a chalk grassland ley on former arable land. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 253-263.
12. Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G. & Hunt, R. (1988) Comparative Plant Ecology, a functional approach to common British plants and communities. George Allen & Unwin, London.
13. Grime, J.P. & Jarvis, B.C. (1975) Shade avoidance and shade tolerance in flowering plants. II. Effects of light on the germination of species of contrasted ecology. Light as an Ecological Factor II (eds R. Bainbridge, G. C. Evans & O. Rackham), pp. 525-532. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
14. Grime, J.P , Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A.G., Neal, A.M. & Shaw, S.C. (1981) A comparative study of germination characteristics in a iocal flora. Journal of Ecology, 69, 1017-1059.
15. Gross, K.L. (1984) Effects of seed size and growth form on seedling establishment of six monocarpic perennial plants. Journal of Ecology, 72, 369-387.
16. Gross, K.L. & Werner, P.A. (1982) Colonizing abilities of 'biennial' plant species in relation to ground cover: implications for their distribution in a successional sere. Ecologv, 63, 921-931.
17. Grubb, P.J. (1976) A theoretical background to the conservation of ecologically distinct groups of annuals and biennials in the chalk grassland ecosystem. Biological Conservation, 10, 53-76.
18. Harper, J.L. (1967) A Darwinian approach to plant ecology. Journal of Ecology, 55, 247-270.
19. Hutchings, M.J. (1983) A study of plant diversity on four chalk grassland sites with different aspects. Vegetatio, 53, 179-189.
20. Hutchings, M.J. & Booth, K.D. (1996) Studies on the feasibility of re-creating chalk grassland vegetation on exarable land. I. The potential role of the seed bank and the seed rain. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 1171-1181
21. Hutchings, M.J., Booth, K.D. & Waite, S. (1991) Comparison of survivorship by the logrank test: criticisms and alternatives. Ecology, 12, 2290-2293.
22. Mitchley, J. & Grubb, P.J. (1986) Control of relative abundance in perennials in chalk grassland in southern England. 1. Consistency of rank order and results of pot- and field-experiments on the role of interference. Journal of Ecology, 74, 1139-1166.
23. Peto, R & Peto, J. (1972) Asymptotically efficient rank variance procedures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 135, 185-207.
24. Sagar, G.R. & Harper, J.L. (1964) Biological Flora of the British Isles. Plantago major L., P. media L. & P. lanceolata L. Journal of Ecology, 52, 189-221.
25. Silvertown, J.W. (1980) Leaf-canopy-induced seed dormancy in a grassland flora. New Phytologist, 85, 109-118.
26. Silvertown, J.W. (1981) Seed size, life span and germination date as co-adapted features of plant life history. American Naturalist, 118, 860-864.
27. Silvertown, J.W. & Dickie, J.B. (1981) Seedling survivorship in natural populations in nine perennial chalk grassland plants. New Phytologist, 88, 555-558
28. Silvertown, J. & Tremlett, M. (1989) Interactive effects of disturbance and shade upon colonization of grassland: an experiment with Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., Conium maculatum L., Daucus carota L. & Heracleum sphondylium L. Functional Ecology, 3, 229-235.
29. Silvertown, J.W. & Wilkin, F.R. (1983) An experimental test of the role of micro-spatial heterogeneity in the co-existence of congeneric plants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 19, 1-8.
30. Smith, H. & Macdonald, D.W. (1992) The impacts of mowing and sowing on weed populations and species richness in field margin Set-Aside. Set-Aside (ed. J. Clarke), pp. 117-122. British Crop Protection Council. Farnham, Surrey.
31. Tate, M.V. & Clelland, R.C. (1957) Nonparametric and Shortcut Statistics. Interstate Printers and Publishers Ltd, Danville, Illinois.
32. Thompson, K. & Baster, K. (1992) Establishment from seed of selected Umbelliferae in unmanaged grassland. Functional Ecology, 6, 346-352.
33. Verkaar, H.J., Schenkeveld, A.J. & Brand, J.M. (1983) On the ecology of short- lived forbs in chalk grasslands: microsite tolerances in relation to vegetation structure. Vegetatio, 52, 91-102.
34. Verkaar, H.R., Schenkeveld, A.J & Klashorst, M.P. van der (1983) The ecology of short-lived forbes in chalk grassland: dispersal of seeds. New Phytologist, 95, 335-344.
35. Verkaar, H.R., Schenkeveld, A.J. & Huurnink:, C.L. (1986) The fate of Scabiosa columbaria (Dipsacaceae) seeds in chalk grassland. Oikos, 46, 159-162.
36. Wells, T.C.E. (1983) The creation of species-rich grasslands. Conservation in Practice (eds A. Warren & F. B. Goldsmith), pp. 215-232. Wiley, Chichester.
37. Wells, T.C.E. (1991) Restoring and re-creating species-rich lowland dry grassland. The Conservation of Lowland Dry Grassland Birds in Europe (eds P. D. Goriup, L. A. Batten & J. A. Norton), pp. 125-132. Joint Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.
38. Wells, T.C.E., Bell, S.A. & Frost, A. (1981) Creating Native Grasslands using Native Plant Species, Nature Conservancy Council, Shrewsbury.
39. Wells, T.C.E., Sheail, J., Ball, D.F. & Ward, L.K. (1976) Ecological studies on the Porton Ranges: relationships between vegetation, soils and land-use history. Journal of Ecology, 64, 589-626.
40. Wilson, P.J. (1992) The natural regeneration of vegetation under Set-Aside in southern England. Set-Aside (ed. J. Clarke), pp. 73-78. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey.