Primitive cladid crinoids from upper osagean-lower Meramecian (Mississippian) rocks of East-Central United States

Journal of Paleontology

Volumn 70, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 835-866

  Kammer, Thomas W ^a   Ausich, William I ^b  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBONIFEROUS; CLADID; CRINOID; MISSISSIPPIAN; SYSTEMATICS;

USA;

EID: 0030301597     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022336000023878     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. AUSICH, W.I. 1980. A model for niche differentiation in Lower Mississippian crinoid communities. Journal of Paleontology, 54:273-288.
2. _. 1983a. Functional morphology and feeding dynamics of the Early Mississippian crinoid Barycrinus asteriscus. Journal of Paleontology, 57:31-41.
3. _. 1983b. Component concept for the study of paleocommunities with an example from the Early Carboniferous of southern Indiana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 44:251-282.
4. _, AND T. W. KAMMER. 1990. Systematics and phylogeny of the late Osagean and Meramecian crinoids Platycrinites and Eucladocrinus from the Mississippian stratotype region. Journal of Paleontology, 64:759-778.
5. _, AND _. 1991a. Late Osagean and Meramecian Actinocrinites (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from the Mississippian stratotype region. Journal of Paleontology, 65:485-499.
6. _, AND _. 1991b. Systematic revisions to Aorocrinus, Dorycrinus, Macrocrinus, Paradichocrinus, Strotocrinus, and Uperocrinus: Mississippian camerate crinoids (Echinodermata) from the stratotype region. Journal of Paleontology, 65:936-944.
7. _, AND _. 1992. Dizygocrinus: Mississippian camerate crinoid (Echinodermata) from the midcontinental United States. Journal of Paleontology, 66:637-658.
8. _, _, AND T.K. BAUMILLER. 1994. Demise of the Middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna: a single extinction event or rapid faunal turnover? Paleobiology, 20:345-361.
9. _, AND N. G. LANE. 1980. Platform communities and rocks of the Borden siltstone delta (Mississippian) along the south shore of Monroe Reservoir, Monroe County, Indiana, p. 36-67. In R. H. Shaver (ed.), Field Trips 1980 from the Indiana University Campus, Bloomington. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
10. _, AND _. 1982. Crinoids from the Edwardsville Formation (Lower Mississippian) of southern Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 56:1343-1361.
11. _, AND _. 1985. Crinoid assemblages and geographic endemism in the Lower Mississippian (Carboniferous) of the United States Continental Interior, p. 216-224. In J. T. Dutro, Jr., and H. W. Pfefferkorn (eds.), Neuvième Congrès International de Stratigraphic et de Géologie du Carbonifère, Compte Rendu, Vol. 5, Paleontology/ Paleoecology/ Paleogeography.
12. BASSLER, R. S., AND M. W. MOODEY. 1943. Bibliographic and faunal index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms. Geological Society of America Special Paper 45, 734 p.
13. BATHER, F. A. 1900. The Echinodermata. The Pelmatozoa: The Crinoidea, p. 94-204. In E.R. Lankester (ed.), A Treatise on Zoology. Adam and Charles Black, London.
14. BREIMER, A. 1978. General Morphology, recent crinoids, p. T9-T58. In R. C. Moore and C. Teichert (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
15. DONOVAN, S.K. 1988. The early evolution of the Crinoidea, p. 235-244. In C.R.C. Paul and A.B. Smith (eds.), Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 373 p.
16. FELDMAN, H.R. 1989. Echinoderms of the Somerset Shale Member, Salem Limestone (Mississippian), in Indiana and Kentucky. Journal of Paleontology, 63:900-912.
17. HALL, J. 1858. Report on the Geological Survey of Iowa embracing the results of investigations made during portions of the years 1855, 1856, 1857. Geological Survey of Iowa, Vol. 1, Parts 1 and 2, 724 p.
18. _. 1860. Contributions to the palaeontology of Iowa: being descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils. Iowa Geological Survey, 1(2) supplement, 94 p.
19. _. 1861 a. Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils, from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi Valley. Iowa Geological Survey Report of Investigations, Preliminary Notice. Albany, New York, 19 p.
20. _. 1861b. Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi valley. Boston Society of Natural History Journal, 7:261-328.
21. _. 1872. Photographic plates and explanations of plates. Albany, New York, [plates are labeled as "New York State Museum of Natural History Bulletin 1" but A. S. Horowitz suggested that these were probably published privately by Hall.]
22. JAEKEL, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 3(1):1-128.
23. KAMMER, T. W. 1984. Crinoids from the New Providence Shale Member of the Borden Formation (Mississippian) in Kentucky and Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 58:115-130.
24. _. 1985. Aerosol nitration theory applied to Mississippian deltaic crinoids. Journal of Paleontology, 59:551-560.
25. _, AND W. I. AUSICH. 1987. Aerosol suspension feeding and current velocities: distributional controls for late Osagean crinoids. Paleobiology, 13:379-395.
26. _, AND _. 1992. Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: Primitive-grade calyces. Journal of Paleontology, 66:461-480.
27. _, AND _. 1993a. Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: Intermediate-grade calyces. Journal of Paleontology, 67:614-639.
28. _, AND _. 1993b. Did facies specialists evolve more rapidly than facies generalists in Early Carboniferous crinoids? Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 25(6):A104.
29. _, AND _. 1994. Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: Advanced-grade calyces. Journal of Paleontology, 68:339-351.
30. _, _, AND N.G. LANE. 1983. Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Borden delta of southern Indiana and northern Kentucky, p. 37-71. In R.H. Shaver and J.A. Sunderman (eds.), Field Trips in Midwestern Geology. Geological Society of America and Indiana Geological Survey.
31. _, P. L. BRENCKLE, J. L. CARTER, AND W. I. AUSICH. 1990. Redefinition of the Osagean-Meramecian boundary in the Mississippian stratotype region. Palaios, 5:414-431.
32. KELLY, S.M. 1986. Classification and evolution of Class Crinoidea. Abstracts of the 4th North American Paleontological Convention, p. A23.
33. KEYES, C.R. 1894. Paleontology of Missouri, Part 1. Missouri Geological Survey, 4:143-225.
34. KIRK, E. 1929. The fossil crinoid genus Vasocrinus Lyon. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 74 (art. 15):1-16.
35. _. 1940. Cestocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid genus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88:221-224.
36. LANE, N. G. 1972. Synecology of Middle Mississippian (Carboniferous) crinoid communities in Indiana. 24th International Geological Congress, Abstracts, Section 7, Paleontology, p. 89-94.
37. _. 1973. Paleontology and paleoecology of the Crawfordsville fossil site (Upper Osagian: Indiana). University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 99:1-147.
38. LEVIN, H.L. 1991. The Earth Through Time. Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, 651 p.
39. LYON, S. S. 1869. Remarks on thirteen new species of Crinoidea from the Paleozoic rocks of Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, and a description of certain peculiarities in the structure of the columns of Dolatocrinus, and their attachment to the body of the animal. American Philosophical Society, Transactions 13:443-466.
40. _, AND S.A. CASSEDAY. 1859. Description of nine new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana and Kentucky. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 28:233-246.
41. _, AND _. 1860. A synonymic list of the Echinodermata of the Palaeozoic rocks of North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Science and Arts, 4:282-304.
42. MACURDA, D.B. AND D.L. MEYER. 1974. Feeding posture of modern stalked crinoids. Nature, 247:394-396.
43. MCINTOSH, G.C. 1984. Devonian cladid inadunate crinoids: Family Botryocrinidae Bather, 1899. Journal of Paleontology, 58:1260-1281.
44. MEEK, F. B., AND A. H. WORTHEN. 1860. Description of new species of Crinoidea and Echinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of Illinois, and other western states. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings, Series 2, 4:379-397.
45. _, AND _. 1861. Descriptions of new Paleozoic fossils from Illinois and Iowa. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings for 1861, p. 128-148.
46. _, AND _. 1865. Description of new species of Crinoidea, etc., from the Palaeozoic rocks of Illinois and some of the adjoining states. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings, 17(3):143-155.
47. _, AND _. 1866a. Descriptions of invertebrates from the Carboniferous system. Illinois Geological Survey, 2:143-411.
48. _, AND _. 1866b. Contributions to the palaeontology of Illinois and other western states. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings for 1866, p. 251-275.
49. _, AND _. 1868. Remarks on some types of Carboniferous Crinoidea with descriptions of new genera and species of the same, and of one echinoid. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings, 20:335-359.
50. _, AND _. 1869. Descriptions of new Carboniferous fossils from the western states. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings, 22:137-172.
51. _, AND _. 1870. Description of new species and genera of fossils from the Paleozoic rocks of the western states. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1870, p. 22-56.
52. _, AND _. 1873. Descriptions of invertebrates from Carboniferous system. Illinois Geological Survey, 5:321-619.
53. MILLER, J. S. 1821. A Natural History of the Crinoidea or Lily-Shaped Animals, with Observation on the genera Asteria, Euryale, Comatula, and Marsupites. Bryan and Company; Bristol, England, 150 p.
54. MILLER, S. A. 1882. Description often new species of fossils. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 5:79-88.
55. _. 1889. North American Geology and Paleontology. Western Methodist Book Concern; Cincinnati, Ohio, 664 p.
56. _. 1891a. Paleontology. Advance Sheets from the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources Annual Report 17, 103 P.
57. _. 1891b. A description of some Lower Carboniferous crinoids from Missouri. Missouri Geological Survey Bulletin 4, 40 p.
58. _. 1892a. Palaeontology. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources Annual Report 17:611-705.
59. _. 1892b. Palaeontology. Advance Sheets from the Eighteenth Report of the Geological Survey of Indiana, 76 p.
60. _. 1892c. First appendix to North American Geology and Palaeontology. Privately published by author, Cincinnati, Ohio, p. 665-718.
61. _. 1894. Palaeontology. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources Annual Report 18:257-333.
62. _. 1897. Second appendix to North American Geology and Palaeontology. Privately published by author, Cincinnati, Ohio, p. 719-793.
63. _, AND W. F. E. GURLEY. 1890a. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. Private publication, 59 p.
64. _, AND _. 1890b. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural History Annual Report, 16:327-373.
65. _, AND _. 1894. New genera and species of Echinodermata. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin 5, 53 p.
66. _, AND _. 1895. Description of new species of Paleozoic Echinodermata. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin 6, 62 p.
67. _, AND _. 1896a. Description of new and remarkable fossils from the Paleozoic rocks of the Mississippi Valley. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin 8, 65 p.
68. _, AND _. 1896b. New species of crinoids from Illinois and other states. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin 9, 66 p.
69. MOORE, R.C. 1962. Ray structures of some inadunate crinoids. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata, Article 5, p. 1-47.
70. _, AND L. R. LAUDON. 1943. Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids. Geological Society of America Special Paper 46, 167 p.
71. _, AND _. 1944. Class Crinoidea, p. 137-209. In H. W. Shimer, and R. R. Shrock (eds.), Index Fossils of North America. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
72. _, N.G. LANE, AND H.L. STRIMPLE. 1978. Order Cladida, p. T578-T755. In R. C. Moore and C. Teichert (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
73. OWEN, D.D., AND B.F. SHUMARD. 1850. Descriptions of fifteen new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous limestone of Iowa. Journal of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Series 2, volume 2, part 1, p.57-70.
74. _, AND _. 1852a. Descriptions of seven new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous limestone of Iowa and Illinois. Journal of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Series 2, volume 2, part 2, p. 89-94.
75. _, AND _. 1852b. Descriptions of one new genus and twenty-two new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous limestone of Iowa, p. 587-598. In D.D. Owen, Report of a Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. Philadelphia.
76. ROWLEY, R.R. 1902. New species of fossils from the Subcarboniferous rocks of northeastern Missouri. American Geologist, 29:303-310.
77. SCHULTZE, L. 1867. Monographie der Echinodermen des Eifler Kalkes. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Denkschriften; Sitzungsberichte, 26:113-230.
78. SIMMS, M.J., AND G.D. SEVASTOPULO. 1993. The origin of articulate crinoids. Palaeontology, 36:91-109.
79. SPRINGER, F. 1900. On the presence of pores in the ventral sac in fistulate crinoids. American Geologist, 26:133-151.
80. _. 1911a. Some new American fossil crinoids. Harvard College, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Memoir 25:117-161.
81. _. 1911b. The crinoid fauna of the Knobstone formation. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41:175-208.
82. SPRINKLE, J. 1987. Additional Concepts, Phylum Echinodermata, p. 572-596. In R.S. Boardman, A.H. Cheetham, A.J. Rowell, (eds.), Fossil Invertebrates. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
83. STEARN, C.W. AND R.L. CARROLL. 1989. Paleontology: The Record of Life. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 453 p.
84. STANLEY, S.M. 1979. Macroevolution, Pattern and Process. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 332 p.
85. TROOST, G. 1849. Geographical survey of Tennessee. American Journal of Science and Arts, (2)8:419-420.
86. UBAGHS, G. 1953. Classe des Crinoïdes, p. 658-773. In J. Piveteau (ed.), Traité de paléontologie, Vol. 3. Masson and Cie, Paris.
87. _. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, p. T58-T216. In R. C. Moore and C. Teichert, eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
88. VAN SANT, J. F. 1964. Crawfordsville crinoids, p. 34-136. In Van Sant, J. F., and N. G. Lane, Crawfordsville crinoid studies. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions Article, 7.
89. WACHSMUTH, C., AND F. SPRINGER. 1880. Revision of the Palaeocrinoidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1879, p. 226-378.
90. _, AND _. 1885. Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea, Pt. 3, Sec. 1, Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1885, p. 223-364 (1-139).
91. _, AND _. 1886. Revision of the Palaeocrinoidae, Pt. 3, Sec. 2, Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1885, p. 64-226 (140-302).
92. _, AND _. 1890. New species of crinoids and blastoids from the Kinderhook group of the Lower Carboniferous rocks at Le Grand, Iowa; and a new genus from the Niagara group of western Tennessee. Illinois Geological Survey, 8(2), Palaeontology of Illinois, section 2, p. 155-208.
93. _, AND _. 1897. The North American Crinoidea Camerata. Harvard College Museum of Comparative Zoology, Memoir 21-22, 897 p.
94. WEBSTER, G. D. 1973. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1942-1968. Geological Society of America Memoir, 137, 341 p.
95. _. 1977. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1969-1973. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 8, 235 p.
96. _. 1986. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1974-1980. Geological Society of America Microform Publication, 16, 405 p.
97. _. 1988, Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1981-1985. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 18, 236 p.
98. _. 1993. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1986-1990. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 25, 204 p.
99. WELLER, S. 1898. A bibliographic index of Carboniferous invertebrates. U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 153, 653p.
100. _. 1900. The paleontology of the Niagaran Limestone in the Chicago area; the Crinoidea. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Natural History Survey, Bulletin 4 (1):1-152.
101. WHITE, C.A. 1862. Description of new species of fossils from the Devonian and Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi Valley. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 9:8-33.
102. WHITFIELD, R.P. 1893. Republication of descriptions of Lower Carboniferous Crinoidea from the Hall Collection now in the American Museum of Natural History, with illustrations of the original type specimens not heretofore figured. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 1:1-37.
103. WILSON, C.W., JR. 1948. The geology of Nashville, Tennessee. Tennessee Division of Geology Bulletin 53, 172 p.
104. WOLF, R.C. 1979. Hunting Iowa's crinoids. Earth Science, 32(4):149-151.
105. WOOD, E. 1909. A critical summary of Troost's unpublished manuscript on the crinoids of Tennessee. United States National Museum Bulletin 64, 115 p.
106. WORTHEN, A.H. 1875. Descriptions of invertebrates. Illinois Geological Survey, 6:489-532.
107. _. 1882. Descriptions of fifty-four new species of crinoids from the Lower Carboniferous limestones and Coal Measures of Illinois and Iowa. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 1 (Article 1):3-38.
108. _. 1883. Description of fossil invertebrates. Illinois Geological Survey, 7:269-322.
109. _. 1890. Description of fossil invertebrates. Illinois Geological Survey, 8: 69-154.