Chemical characterization of natural mineral springs in northern British Columbia, Canada

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 649-654

  Bechtold, Jean Philippe ^a,b,c,d,e  

^a Westcoast Energy Inc   (Canada)

^b University of British Columbia ^*  (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^e DBA Consulting   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bicarbonate; British Columbia; Chemistry; Deer; Lick; Mineral; Moose; Sodium; Springs

Indexed keywords

BICARBONATE; SODIUM; SPRING WATER; WATER CHEMISTRY;

CANADA, BRITISH COLUMBIA;

EID: 0030301590     PISSN: 00917648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF FORESTS, RESEARCH BRANCH. 1992. Map of the biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia. Government of Canada, Victoria, B.C.
2. COUTURIER, S., AND C. BARRETTE. 1988. The behavior of moose at natural mineral springs in Quebec. Can. J. Zool. 66:522-528.
3. EKSTEEN, J. J , AND J. J. BORNMAN. 1990. Analysis of natural licks at Loskop Dam and Suikerbosrand Nature Reserves. South Afr. J. Wildl. Res 20:94-99.
4. FRASER, D., E. REARDON, F. DIEKEN, AND B. LOESCHER. 1980. Sampling problems and interpretation of chemical analysis of mineral springs used by wildlife. J. Wildl. Manage. 44:623-631.
5. FRASER, D., AND H. HRISTIENKO. 1981. Activity of moose and whitetailed deer at mineral springs. Can. J. Zool. 59:1991-2000
6. HOLL, S. A., AND V. C. BLEICH. 1987. Mineral lick use by mountain sheep in the San Gabriel Mountains, California. J. Wildl. Manage. 51:383-385.
7. JONES, R. L., AND H. C. HANSON. 1985. Mineral licks, geophagy, and biogeochemistry of North American ungulates. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames. 301pp.
8. KABAIJA, E. 1989. Non-conventional indigenous mineral supplements used for cattle feeding in the pastoral range lands of Ethiopia. Tropical Anim. Health Prod. 21:256-262.
9. KLEIN, D. R., AND H. THINO. 1989. Chemical elements in mineral licks and associated muskoxen feces in Jameson Land, northeast Greenland. Can. J. Zool. 67:1092-1095.
10. KNIGHT, R. R., AND M. R. MUDGE 1967. Characteristics of some natural licks in the Sun River Area, Montana. J. Wildl. Manage. 31:293-299.
11. KREULEN, D. A. 1985. Lick use by large herbivores: a review of benefits and banes of soil consumption. Mammal Rev. 15:107-123.
12. MILLER, B. K., AND J. A. LITVAITIS. 1992. Use of roadside salt licks by moose. Alces alces, in northern New Hampshire. Can. Field-Nat. 106:112-117.
13. MOE, S R. 1993. Mineral content and wildlife use of soil licks in southwestern Nepal. Can. J. Zool 71:933-936
14. RISENHOOVER, K. L., AND R O. PETERSON 1986 Mineral licks as a sodium source for Isle Royale moose. Oecologia 71:121-126.
15. STARK, M A 1986. Analysis of five natural lick sices, Benoue National Park, Cameroon, West Africa Afr. J. Ecol. 24:181-187.
16. TANKERSLEY, N G., AND W C. GASAWAY. 1983 Mineral lick use by moose in Alaska. Can. J. Zool. 61:2242-2249
17. WATTS, T J , AND S D SCHEMNITZ. 1985 Mineral lick use and movement in a remnant desert bighorn sheep population. J. Wildl. Manage 49:994-996
18. WEEKS, H. P , AND C M KIRKPATRICK 1976 Adaptations of whitetailed deer to naturally occurring sodium deficiencies. J Wildl. Manage. 40:610-625-
19. ZAR, J H. 1984. Biostatisticai analysis Second ed Prentice-Hall, Inc , Englewood Cliffs, NJ 717pp