A comparison of temperature-induced polyphenism in African Bicyclus butterflies from a seasonal savannah-rainforest ecotone

Evolution

Volumn 50, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 2360-2372

  Roskam, J C ^a   Brakefield, P M ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Adaptation; historical constraints; phenotypic integrity; plasticity; polyphenism; reaction norms

Indexed keywords

BICYCLUS; LEPIDOPTERA; NYMPHALIDAE; SATYRINAE;

ADAPTATION; PHENOTYPIC INTEGRITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; POLYPHENISM; SAVANNA-RAINFOREST ECOTONE; TEMPERATURE;

CAMEROON; MALAWI;

EID: 0030301385     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03624.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. BRABY, M. F. 1994. Phenotypic variation in adult Mycalesis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Australian wet-dry tropics. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 33:327-336.
2. _. 1995. Reproductive seasonality in tropical satyrine butterflies: Strategies for the dry season Ecol. Entomol. 20:5-17.
3. BRABY, M. F., AND R. E. JONES. 1994. Effect of temperature and hostplants on survival, development and body size in three satyrine tropical butterflies. Aust. J. Zool. 42:195-213.
4. BRADSHAW, A. D. 1965. Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Adv. Genet 13:115-155.
5. BRAKEFIELD, P. M. 1984. The ecological genetics of quantitative characters in Maniola jurtina and other butterflies. Pp. 167-190 in R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery, eds. The biology of butterflies. Academic Press, London.
6. _. 1987. Tropical dry and wet season polyphenism in the butterfly Melanitis leda (Satyrinae): Phenotypic plasticity and climatic correlates. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 31:175-191.
7. BRAKEFIELD, P. M., AND T. B. LARSEN. 1984. The evolutionary significance of dry and wet season forms in some tropical butterflies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 22:1-12.
8. BRAKEFIELD, P. M., AND N. REITSMA. 1991. Phenotypic plasticity, seasonal climate and the population biology of Bicyclus butterflies (Satyridae) in Malawi. Ecol. Entomol. 16:291-303.
9. BROOKS, D. R., AND D. A. MCLENNAN. 1991. Phylogeny, ecology, and behavior: A research program in comparative biology. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
10. CONDAMIN, M. 1973. Monographie du genre Bicyclus (Lepidoptera Satyridae). Mém. Inst. Fond Afr. Noire 88:1-324.
11. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat. 125:1-16.
12. FARRIS, J. S. 1988. HENNIG. Hennig86 Reference. Vers. 1.5. Dept. Ecol. Evol., Univ. of New York, Stony Brook.
13. HARVEY, P. H., AND M. D. PAGEL. 1991. The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
14. HENNIG, W. 1966. Phylogenetic systematics. Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana.
15. KOOI, R. E., P. M. BRAKEFIELD, AND E. G. M. SCHLATMANN. 1994. Description of the larval sensitive period for polyphenic wing pattern induction in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyrinae). Proc. Exp. Appl. Entomol., N.E.V. Amsterdam 5:47-52.
16. MCLEOD, L. 1984. Seasonal polyphenism in African Precis butterflies. Pp. 313-315 in R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery, eds. The biology of butterflies. Academic Press, London.
17. NYLIN, S. 1989. Effects of changing photoperiods in the life cycle regulation of the comma butterfly, Polygonia c-album (Nymphalidae). Ecol. Entomol. 14:209-218.
18. PAGEL, M. D., AND P. H. HARVEY. 1988. Recent developments in the analysis of comparative data. Q. Rev. Biol. 63:413-440.
19. PINTO, J. D., R. K. VELTEN, G. R. PLATNER, AND E. R OATMAN. 1989. Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomic characters in Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 82:414-425.
20. ROHLF, F. J. 1993. NTSYS-pc. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Vers. 1 80. Exeter Software, Setauket, NY.
21. ROSKAM, J. C., AND M. ZANDEE. 1992. Phylogenetic analysis of quantitative and qualitative characters of gall-inducing midges and the historical relation to their hosts: Dasineura (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Rosaceae and monocots. Pp. 325-347 in: J.T Sorensen and R. Foottit, eds. Ordination in the study of morphology, evolution and systematics of insects: Applications and quantitative genetic rationals. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
22. SCHLICHTING, C. D. 1986. The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17:667-693.
23. _. 1989. Phenotypic integration and environmental change. BioScience 39:460-463.
24. SHAPIRO, A. M. 1976. Seasonal polyphenism. Evol. Biol. 9:259-333.
25. SILBERGLIED, R. E. 1984. Visual communication and sexual selection among butterflies. Pp. 207-223 in R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery, eds. The biology of butterflies. Academic Press, London.
26. SORENSEN, J. T. 1992. The use of discriminant function analysis for estimation of phylogeny: Partitioning, perspective and problems. Pp. 65-93 in J. T. Sorensen and R. Foottit, eds. Ordination in the study of morphology, evolution and systematics of insects: Applications and quantitative genetic rationals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
27. STEARNS, S. C. 1984. The effect of size and phylogeny on patterns of covariation in the life history traits of lizards and snakes. Am. Nat. 123:56-72.
28. _. 1989. The evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity. BioScience 39:436-445.
29. _. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
30. SULTAN, S. E. 1987. Evolutionary implications of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Evol. Biol. 20:127-178.
31. WANNTORP, H.-E., D. R. BROOKS, T. NILSSON, S. NYLIN, F. RONQUIST, S. C. STEARNS, AND N. WEDELL. 1990. Phylogenetic approaches in ecology. Oikos 57:119-132.
32. WEST-EBERHARD, M. J. 1989. Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20:249-278.
33. WINDIG, J. J. 1991. Quantification of Lepidoptera wing patterns using an image analyzer. J. Res. Lepid. 30:82-94.
34. _. 1992. Seasonal polyphenism in Bicyclus safitza. A continuous reaction norm. Neth. J. Zool. 42:583-594.
35. WINDIG, J.J , P.M. BRAKEFIELD, N. REITSMA, AND J. WILSON. 1994. Seasonal polyphenism in the wild: Survey of wing pattern in five species of Bicyclus butterflies in Malawi. Ecol. Entomol. 19: 285-298.